Nutrient chapter

Curcumin

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane; CAS 458-37-7) is one turmeric-derived diarylheptanoid polyphenol. It is distinct from turmeric, mixed curcuminoid extracts, absorption-enhanced products, conjugates and reduced or oxidized metabolites. Its chemical reactivity and exposure depend on preparation and assay. No essential dietary requirement or specific human curcumin-deficiency syndrome is established.

85 recorded mechanisms · 4 availability situations · 6 preserved sources. Draft and verified records are labeled separately.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

The mechanisms

What the sources say this nutrient does, one relationship at a time. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected in all participants.
Curcumin → Human circulating curcumin conjugate exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"}
experimental_model
Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers
exposure
10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL
limitations
High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
Most measurable circulating material was chemically conjugated.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 255–266
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-pk-conjugates Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected in all participants. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Most measurable circulating material was chemically conjugated. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers limitations: High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin. exposure: 10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"} [curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693
Complete structured claim and evidence
The purified two-step reduction depended on NADPH.
NADPH → Escherichia coli CurA, NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}
experimental_model
Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme
exposure
Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions
limitations
Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Escherichia coli isolate
plain_language
This bacterial reaction draws on NADPH reducing power.
primary_references
[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified CurA
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 229–240
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-cura-nadph The purified two-step reduction depended on NADPH. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This bacterial reaction draws on NADPH reducing power. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited NADPH-reduced rat TrxR1 and inhibition persisted after curcumin removal.
Curcumin → Rat thioredoxin reductase 1 / Txnrd1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}
experimental_model
Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays
exposure
Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar
limitations
Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Rattus norvegicus
plain_language
An enzyme that normally helps control oxidation was inhibited.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified enzyme
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 502–513
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-trx-inhibition Curcumin inhibited NADPH-reduced rat TrxR1 and inhibition persisted after curcumin removal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme that normally helps control oxidation was inhibited. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
Complete structured claim and evidence
On the lowest-iron background, curcumin produced a dose-dependent fall in hemoglobin.
Curcumin → Mouse blood hemoglobin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"}
experimental_model
26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin
exposure
Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake
limitations
Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Low iron supply changed the consequences of curcumin exposure.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood and tissue iron
trigger_kind
nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 606–617
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-low-iron-hb On the lowest-iron background, curcumin produced a dose-dependent fall in hemoglobin. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Low iron supply changed the consequences of curcumin exposure. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and tissue iron experimental_model: 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin limitations: Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose. exposure: Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"} [curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952
Complete structured claim and evidence
HydroCurc did not impair the acute serum-iron response to either tested ferrous-iron dose.
HydroCurc formulation → Acute human serum iron response after oral iron source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34371810.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c7dc5d4a48b51f1b27c4cca67fa4d5756197ee3baec9d8c1f2ccccfb5789e3e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2316, "text_sha256": "c7dc5d4a48b51f1b27c4cca67fa4d5756197ee3baec9d8c1f2ccccfb5789e3e4"}
experimental_model
Double-blind randomized acute supplementation trial; 155 healthy participants
exposure
HydroCurc 500 mg with 18 or 65 mg ferrous iron versus matched iron controls
limitations
Serum iron appearance is an indirect absorption-related endpoint, not isotope absorption or long-term iron balance; healthy participants and one formulation.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
This human experiment did not reproduce a reduction in the measured iron response.
primary_references
[curcumin-p34371810] Acute Administration of Bioavailable Curcumin Alongside Ferrous Sulphate Supplements Does Not Impair Iron Absorption in Healthy Adults in a Randomised Trial. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34371810/ DOI: 10.3390/nu13072300
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum iron at baseline and 180 minutes
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 736–747
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized acute supplementation trial; 155 healthy participants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-human-iron-null HydroCurc did not impair the acute serum-iron response to either tested ferrous-iron dose. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This human experiment did not reproduce a reduction in the measured iron response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Serum iron at baseline and 180 minutes experimental_model: Double-blind randomized acute supplementation trial; 155 healthy participants limitations: Serum iron appearance is an indirect absorption-related endpoint, not isotope absorption or long-term iron balance; healthy participants and one formulation. exposure: HydroCurc 500 mg with 18 or 65 mg ferrous iron versus matched iron controls evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34371810.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c7dc5d4a48b51f1b27c4cca67fa4d5756197ee3baec9d8c1f2ccccfb5789e3e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2316, "text_sha256": "c7dc5d4a48b51f1b27c4cca67fa4d5756197ee3baec9d8c1f2ccccfb5789e3e4"} [curcumin-p34371810] Acute Administration of Bioavailable Curcumin Alongside Ferrous Sulphate Supplements Does Not Impair Iron Absorption in Healthy Adults in a Randomised Trial. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34371810/ DOI: 10.3390/nu13072300
Complete structured claim and evidence
Endoxifen AUC fell 12.4% with curcumin plus piperine, p=0.02.
Curcumin plus piperine regimen → Human endoxifen plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"}
experimental_model
Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients
exposure
Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day
limitations
Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The combination reduced exposure to tamoxifen's active metabolite.
primary_references
[curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma drug and metabolite AUC
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 970–981
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-endoxifen-combination Endoxifen AUC fell 12.4% with curcumin plus piperine, p=0.02. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The combination reduced exposure to tamoxifen's active metabolite. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma drug and metabolite AUC experimental_model: Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established. exposure: Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"} [curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403
Complete structured claim and evidence
Sulfasalazine AUC increased 2.0-fold at the microdose and 3.2-fold at the therapeutic dose.
Curcumin → Human sulfasalazine plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}
experimental_model
Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment
exposure
Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin
limitations
Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped
plain_language
The human experiment measured more sulfasalazine in blood.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal drug transport and plasma
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 801–812
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-sulfasalazine-exposure Sulfasalazine AUC increased 2.0-fold at the microdose and 3.2-fold at the therapeutic dose. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The human experiment measured more sulfasalazine in blood. organism: Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal drug transport and plasma experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nrf2 siRNA abrogated curcumin-induced HO-1 expression.
Experimental mouse Nrf2 siRNA suppression → Mouse heme oxygenase 1 / Hmox1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
This response required functioning Nrf2 machinery.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 411–422
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-nrf2-loss Nrf2 siRNA abrogated curcumin-induced HO-1 expression. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This response required functioning Nrf2 machinery. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin HIV-2 protease inhibition shifted from IC50 19 micromolar to above 100 micromolar with nonionic detergent, supporting aggregate-dependent inhibition.
Curcumin colloidal aggregates in biochemical assays → HIV-2 protease source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25606714.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 726, "text_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a"}
experimental_model
Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays
exposure
Micromolar curcumin; HIV-2 protease assay with and without 0.01% Triton X-100
limitations
An assay-dependent aggregate effect does not invalidate every curcumin result. Target specificity needs appropriate controls.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Purified enzyme systems
plain_language
Some apparent enzyme inhibition comes from particles forming in the test solution.
primary_references
[curcumin-p25606714] Colloidal aggregation and the in vitro activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25606714/ DOI: 10.1021/cb5009487
tissue_or_cell_type
Assay solutions
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 320–331
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-colloid-inhibition Curcumin HIV-2 protease inhibition shifted from IC50 19 micromolar to above 100 micromolar with nonionic detergent, supporting aggregate-dependent inhibition. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some apparent enzyme inhibition comes from particles forming in the test solution. organism: Purified enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Assay solutions experimental_model: Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays limitations: An assay-dependent aggregate effect does not invalidate every curcumin result. Target specificity needs appropriate controls. exposure: Micromolar curcumin; HIV-2 protease assay with and without 0.01% Triton X-100 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25606714.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 726, "text_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a"} [curcumin-p25606714] Colloidal aggregation and the in vitro activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25606714/ DOI: 10.1021/cb5009487
Complete structured claim and evidence
Ten adjudicated cases included nine hepatocellular injuries; five patients were hospitalized and one died.
Turmeric supplement products, case-specific composition → Adjudicated turmeric-supplement-associated liver injury source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/36252717.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1722, "text_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c"}
experimental_model
Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing
exposure
Ten cases associated with turmeric supplements; seven available products tested, three contained piperine
limitations
Case series cannot estimate incidence, assign every case to purified curcumin or establish that piperine caused the injury. HLA association is not a sufficient diagnostic test.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
Serious liver injury was documented with implicated turmeric supplements.
primary_references
[curcumin-p36252717] Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36252717/ DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.09.026
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver injury
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1126–1137
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-liver-injury Ten adjudicated cases included nine hepatocellular injuries; five patients were hospitalized and one died. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Serious liver injury was documented with implicated turmeric supplements. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Liver injury experimental_model: Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing limitations: Case series cannot estimate incidence, assign every case to purified curcumin or establish that piperine caused the injury. HLA association is not a sufficient diagnostic test. exposure: Ten cases associated with turmeric supplements; seven available products tested, three contained piperine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/36252717.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1722, "text_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c"} [curcumin-p36252717] Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36252717/ DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.09.026
Complete structured claim and evidence
Human SULT1A1 catalyzed curcumin sulfation.
Human sulfotransferase 1A1 / SULT1A1 → Curcumin sulfate source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}
experimental_model
Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays
exposure
Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases
limitations
Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human assays below; rat experiments not merged
plain_language
This enzyme adds a sulfate group to curcumin.
primary_references
[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 112–123
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-sult1a1 Human SULT1A1 catalyzed curcumin sulfation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This enzyme adds a sulfate group to curcumin. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Human SULT1A3 also catalyzed curcumin sulfation.
Human sulfotransferase 1A3 / SULT1A3 → Curcumin sulfate source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}
experimental_model
Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays
exposure
Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases
limitations
Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human assays below; rat experiments not merged
plain_language
A second sulfotransferase can process the same compound.
primary_references
[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 125–136
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-sult1a3 Human SULT1A3 also catalyzed curcumin sulfation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second sulfotransferase can process the same compound. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin glucuronide was identified after incubation with human intestinal and hepatic microsomes.
Human microsomal curcumin-glucuronidating UGT activities, isoforms unresolved in the 2002 study → Curcumin glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}
experimental_model
Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays
exposure
Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases
limitations
Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human assays below; rat experiments not merged
plain_language
The gut and liver can attach glucuronide to curcumin.
primary_references
[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 138–149
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-glucuronide Curcumin glucuronide was identified after incubation with human intestinal and hepatic microsomes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The gut and liver can attach glucuronide to curcumin. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Tetrahydrocurcumin was detected among human intestinal and hepatic cytosolic metabolites.
Human tissue cytosolic curcumin reduction → Tetrahydrocurcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}
experimental_model
Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays
exposure
Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases
limitations
Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human assays below; rat experiments not merged
plain_language
Reduction changes curcumin into a different molecule.
primary_references
[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 151–162
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-human-thc Tetrahydrocurcumin was detected among human intestinal and hepatic cytosolic metabolites. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reduction changes curcumin into a different molecule. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Hexahydrocurcumin was also identified in the human cytosolic incubations.
Human tissue cytosolic curcumin reduction → Hexahydrocurcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}
experimental_model
Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays
exposure
Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases
limitations
Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human assays below; rat experiments not merged
plain_language
Further reduction produces another metabolite.
primary_references
[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 164–175
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-human-hhc Hexahydrocurcumin was also identified in the human cytosolic incubations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Further reduction produces another metabolite. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/
Complete structured claim and evidence
UGT2B7 supported curcumin glucuronidation in the experimental system.
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 / UGT2B7 → Curcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"}
experimental_model
Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7
exposure
Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis
limitations
Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human tissue and enzyme systems
plain_language
A named enzyme contributes to curcumin conjugation.
primary_references
[curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929
tissue_or_cell_type
Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 177–188
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-ugt2b7-cur UGT2B7 supported curcumin glucuronidation in the experimental system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A named enzyme contributes to curcumin conjugation. organism: Human tissue and enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7 experimental_model: Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 limitations: Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps. exposure: Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"} [curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929
Complete structured claim and evidence
Tetrahydrocurcumin showed lower glucuronidation activity than curcumin under the tested UGT2B7 conditions.
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 / UGT2B7 → Tetrahydrocurcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"}
experimental_model
Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7
exposure
Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis
limitations
Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human tissue and enzyme systems
plain_language
The reduced metabolite is processed differently.
primary_references
[curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929
tissue_or_cell_type
Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 190–201
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-ugt2b7-thc Tetrahydrocurcumin showed lower glucuronidation activity than curcumin under the tested UGT2B7 conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reduced metabolite is processed differently. organism: Human tissue and enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7 experimental_model: Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 limitations: Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps. exposure: Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"} [curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929
Complete structured claim and evidence
CurA catalyzed the first reduction of curcumin to dihydrocurcumin.
Escherichia coli CurA, NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase → Dihydrocurcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}
experimental_model
Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme
exposure
Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions
limitations
Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Escherichia coli isolate
plain_language
A gut bacterial enzyme performs the first reduction step.
primary_references
[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified CurA
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 203–214
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-cura-first CurA catalyzed the first reduction of curcumin to dihydrocurcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A gut bacterial enzyme performs the first reduction step. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
Complete structured claim and evidence
CurA then reduced dihydrocurcumin to tetrahydrocurcumin.
Escherichia coli CurA, NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase → Tetrahydrocurcumin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}
experimental_model
Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme
exposure
Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions
limitations
Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Escherichia coli isolate
plain_language
The same enzyme can carry out the next step.
primary_references
[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified CurA
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 216–227
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-cura-second CurA then reduced dihydrocurcumin to tetrahydrocurcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The same enzyme can carry out the next step. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108
Complete structured claim and evidence
Only one participant had detectable free curcumin at the assayed time points.
Curcumin → Measured human circulating curcumin exposure, analytical fraction specified source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"}
experimental_model
Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers
exposure
10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL
limitations
High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
A large oral dose did not generally produce detectable free curcumin with this assay.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 242–253
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-pk-free-low Only one participant had detectable free curcumin at the assayed time points. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A large oral dose did not generally produce detectable free curcumin with this assay. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers limitations: High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin. exposure: 10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"} [curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693
Complete structured claim and evidence
Adding piperine increased measured curcumin exposure in this human comparison; the study reported a 2000% bioavailability increase.
Piperine → Measured human circulating curcumin exposure, analytical fraction specified source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/9619120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1316, "text_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b"}
experimental_model
Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments
exposure
2 g curcumin with or without 20 mg piperine
limitations
Small older formulation-specific experiment. The reported 2000% increase is not a universal multiplier, therapeutic benefit or proof of long-term safety.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens for the recorded claim
plain_language
Piperine changed exposure in this particular experiment.
primary_references
[curcumin-p9619120] Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/ DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957450
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 268–279
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-piperine-exposure Adding piperine increased measured curcumin exposure in this human comparison; the study reported a 2000% bioavailability increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Piperine changed exposure in this particular experiment. organism: Homo sapiens for the recorded claim tissue_or_cell_type: Serum experimental_model: Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments limitations: Small older formulation-specific experiment. The reported 2000% increase is not a universal multiplier, therapeutic benefit or proof of long-term safety. exposure: 2 g curcumin with or without 20 mg piperine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/9619120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1316, "text_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b"} [curcumin-p9619120] Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/ DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957450
Complete structured claim and evidence
The tested micellar preparation increased plasma AUC 57-fold relative to native curcumin.
Micellar curcumin formulation → Human circulating curcumin conjugate exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion
exposure
207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling
limitations
Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Twelve healthy adults; in-vitro digestion separately scoped
plain_language
The delivery system changed measured exposure.
primary_references
[curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and digestive test system
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 281–292
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-micellar-exposure The tested micellar preparation increased plasma AUC 57-fold relative to native curcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The delivery system changed measured exposure. organism: Twelve healthy adults; in-vitro digestion separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and digestive test system experimental_model: Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion limitations: Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint. exposure: 207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"} [curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
Complete structured claim and evidence
The gamma-cyclodextrin preparation increased plasma AUC 30-fold relative to native curcumin.
Gamma-cyclodextrin curcumin formulation → Human circulating curcumin conjugate exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion
exposure
207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling
limitations
Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Twelve healthy adults; in-vitro digestion separately scoped
plain_language
A different delivery system also changed exposure.
primary_references
[curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and digestive test system
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 294–305
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-cyclodextrin-exposure The gamma-cyclodextrin preparation increased plasma AUC 30-fold relative to native curcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A different delivery system also changed exposure. organism: Twelve healthy adults; in-vitro digestion separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and digestive test system experimental_model: Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion limitations: Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint. exposure: 207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"} [curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
Complete structured claim and evidence
Micellar curcumin showed greater post-digestive solubility and micellization in the parallel digestion experiments.
Micellar curcumin formulation → Curcumin solubility and mixed-micelle availability after simulated digestion source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion
exposure
207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling
limitations
Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Cell-free simulated digestion
plain_language
Keeping curcumin available in digestive fluid can matter more than simply trying to slow its metabolism.
primary_references
[curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
tissue_or_cell_type
Digestive solution
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 307–318
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-micelle-digestion Micellar curcumin showed greater post-digestive solubility and micellization in the parallel digestion experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Keeping curcumin available in digestive fluid can matter more than simply trying to slow its metabolism. organism: Cell-free simulated digestion tissue_or_cell_type: Digestive solution experimental_model: Randomized crossover pharmacokinetics plus simulated digestion limitations: Measured circulating material was conjugated, with no free curcumin detected. Formulation exposure is not a clinical efficacy endpoint. exposure: 207 mg curcumin from eight preparations; 24-hour sampling evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/34665507.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1481, "text_sha256": "19c566913aafc2ec8b5ac2d7053d7a94096ab234f4e5179af18eb1cdeeef5a2c"} [curcumin-p34665507] Increasing Post-Digestive Solubility of Curcumin Is the Most Successful Strategy to Improve its Oral Bioavailability: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Adults and In Vitro Bioaccessibility Experiments. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665507/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100613
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin stabilized Nrf2 protein in the murine epidermal-cell experiments.
Curcumin → Mouse Nrf2 protein stability source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
The cell retained more of a stress-response regulator.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 333–344
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-nrf2-stability Curcumin stabilized Nrf2 protein in the murine epidermal-cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cell retained more of a stress-response regulator. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation.
Curcumin → Mouse Nrf2 ubiquitination source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
Less of the regulator was marked for destruction.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 346–357
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-nrf2-ubiquitin Curcumin reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the regulator was marked for destruction. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Steady-state Nrf2 mRNA did not increase despite the protein increase.
Curcumin → Mouse Nfe2l2 transcript abundance source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
More protein did not mean more gene transcript in this experiment.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 359–370
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-nrf2-transcript-null Steady-state Nrf2 mRNA did not increase despite the protein increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More protein did not mean more gene transcript in this experiment. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin induced HO-1 expression in JB6 cells.
Curcumin → Mouse heme oxygenase 1 / Hmox1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
The stress-response pathway increased a heme-processing enzyme.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 372–383
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-ho1 Curcumin induced HO-1 expression in JB6 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The stress-response pathway increased a heme-processing enzyme. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Mass spectrometry identified curcumin binding at Keap1 Cys151 in the reported construct experiment.
Curcumin → KEAP1 Cys151 construct in the 2020 curcumin study, construct species unresolved from abstract source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
A chemically reactive part of curcumin can modify a sensor cysteine.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 385–396
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-keap-adduct Mass spectrometry identified curcumin binding at Keap1 Cys151 in the reported construct experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A chemically reactive part of curcumin can modify a sensor cysteine. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Tetrahydrocurcumin failed to reproduce HO-1 induction in this comparison.
Tetrahydrocurcumin → Mouse heme oxygenase 1 / Hmox1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
The reduced metabolite did not behave like the parent compound here.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 398–409
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-thc-ho1-null Tetrahydrocurcumin failed to reproduce HO-1 induction in this comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reduced metabolite did not behave like the parent compound here. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
The C151S construct reduced curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation.
KEAP1 C151S construct in the 2020 curcumin study → Nrf2-dependent transcription in murine epidermal-cell assay source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}
experimental_model
Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays
exposure
Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct
limitations
Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
Changing one sensor residue weakened the response.
primary_references
[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
tissue_or_cell_type
JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 424–435
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-keap-mutant The C151S construct reduced curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing one sensor residue weakened the response. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820
Complete structured claim and evidence
Oxidatively reactive curcumin analogs were more potent inhibitors than oxidation-resistant analogs, supporting a role for reactive oxidative products.
Curcumin → Reactive oxidative metabolites of curcumin, assay-defined mixture source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}
experimental_model
Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays
exposure
Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis
limitations
Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract
plain_language
Chemical transformation can create the species responsible for an effect.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
tissue_or_cell_type
Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 437–448
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-oxidative-activation Oxidatively reactive curcumin analogs were more potent inhibitors than oxidation-resistant analogs, supporting a role for reactive oxidative products. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chemical transformation can create the species responsible for an effect. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
Complete structured claim and evidence
Oxidative curcumin metabolites formed adducts with and inhibited IKK beta.
Reactive oxidative metabolites of curcumin, assay-defined mixture → IKK beta preparation in the 2017 curcumin oxidation study, species unresolved from abstract source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}
experimental_model
Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays
exposure
Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis
limitations
Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract
plain_language
Reactive metabolites can alter a kinase upstream of inflammatory signaling.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
tissue_or_cell_type
Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 450–461
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-ikk-adduction Oxidative curcumin metabolites formed adducts with and inhibited IKK beta. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reactive metabolites can alter a kinase upstream of inflammatory signaling. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin-derived glutathione adducts were measured in cells.
GSH → Curcumin-derived glutathione adducts source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}
experimental_model
Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays
exposure
Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis
limitations
Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract
plain_language
Glutathione can intercept reactive curcumin-derived material.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
tissue_or_cell_type
Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 463–474
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-gsh-adduct Curcumin-derived glutathione adducts were measured in cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione can intercept reactive curcumin-derived material. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
Complete structured claim and evidence
Inhibiting glutathione biosynthesis increased curcumin potency while reducing measured curcumin-glutathione adducts.
Pharmacological inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO → Curcumin-associated inhibition of stimulated NF-kappa-B activity in the tested cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}
experimental_model
Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays
exposure
Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis
limitations
Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract
plain_language
Less protective buffering changed the response to the reactive compound.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
tissue_or_cell_type
Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 476–487
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-gsh-loss Inhibiting glutathione biosynthesis increased curcumin potency while reducing measured curcumin-glutathione adducts. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less protective buffering changed the response to the reactive compound. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
Complete structured claim and evidence
NAC pretreatment shifted the curcumin dose-response curve toward lower inhibitory potency in RAW264.7 cells.
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine → Curcumin-associated inhibition of stimulated NF-kappa-B activity in the tested cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}
experimental_model
Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays
exposure
NAC 3 mM overnight before the curcumin/LPS reporter assay
limitations
Cell assay, not evidence that oral NAC cancels curcumin benefits in people; enhanced glutathione buffering was the authors proposed this explanation.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
A glutathione precursor changed the response in the opposite direction from blocking glutathione synthesis.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
tissue_or_cell_type
RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 489–500
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-nac-buffering NAC pretreatment shifted the curcumin dose-response curve toward lower inhibitory potency in RAW264.7 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A glutathione precursor changed the response in the opposite direction from blocking glutathione synthesis. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Cell assay, not evidence that oral NAC cancels curcumin benefits in people; enhanced glutathione buffering was the authors proposed this explanation. exposure: NAC 3 mM overnight before the curcumin/LPS reporter assay evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123
Complete structured claim and evidence
Mass spectrometry and blotting supported modification of Cys496 and Sec497 in the rat enzyme.
Curcumin → Curcumin-modified rat thioredoxin reductase 1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}
experimental_model
Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays
exposure
Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar
limitations
Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Rattus norvegicus
plain_language
The interaction included the selenium-containing active-site residue.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified enzyme
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 515–526
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-trx-adduct Mass spectrometry and blotting supported modification of Cys496 and Sec497 in the rat enzyme. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The interaction included the selenium-containing active-site residue. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
Complete structured claim and evidence
The modified enzyme acquired increased NADPH oxidase activity associated with reactive oxygen species production.
Curcumin-modified rat thioredoxin reductase 1 → NADPH oxidase activity of curcumin-modified rat TrxR1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}
experimental_model
Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays
exposure
Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar
limitations
Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Rattus norvegicus
plain_language
The modified protein could consume reducing power while promoting oxidation.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified enzyme
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 528–539
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-trx-oxidase The modified enzyme acquired increased NADPH oxidase activity associated with reactive oxygen species production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The modified protein could consume reducing power while promoting oxidation. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited measured TrxR activity in cultured HeLa cells at about 15 micromolar IC50.
Curcumin → HeLa thioredoxin reductase activity, isoform unresolved in abstract source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}
experimental_model
Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays
exposure
Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar
limitations
Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
A cultured human-cell assay also showed enzyme inhibition.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
tissue_or_cell_type
HeLa cells
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 541–552
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-hela-trx Curcumin inhibited measured TrxR activity in cultured HeLa cells at about 15 micromolar IC50. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A cultured human-cell assay also showed enzyme inhibition. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HeLa cells experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited p300 acetyltransferase activity in the tested systems.
Curcumin → EP300 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}
experimental_model
Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments
exposure
Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract
limitations
Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human protein/cell assay systems
plain_language
The study reported an effect on an enzyme that adds acetyl marks.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
tissue_or_cell_type
Histone and nonhistone acetylation
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 554–565
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-ep300 Curcumin inhibited p300 acetyltransferase activity in the tested systems. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study reported an effect on an enzyme that adds acetyl marks. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
Complete structured claim and evidence
CBP acetyltransferase activity was inhibited in the comparison.
Curcumin → Human CREB-binding protein / CREBBP source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}
experimental_model
Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments
exposure
Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract
limitations
Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human protein/cell assay systems
plain_language
A related acetyltransferase was also affected.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
tissue_or_cell_type
Histone and nonhistone acetylation
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 567–578
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-cbp CBP acetyltransferase activity was inhibited in the comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A related acetyltransferase was also affected. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
Complete structured claim and evidence
PCAF activity was not inhibited under the reported comparison conditions.
Curcumin → Human PCAF / KAT2B source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}
experimental_model
Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments
exposure
Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract
limitations
Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human protein/cell assay systems
plain_language
The finding did not extend to every tested acetyltransferase.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
tissue_or_cell_type
Histone and nonhistone acetylation
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 580–591
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-pcaf-null PCAF activity was not inhibited under the reported comparison conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The finding did not extend to every tested acetyltransferase. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin reduced p300-mediated p53 acetylation in the reported cell experiments.
Curcumin → p300-mediated p53 acetylation in the specified assay source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}
experimental_model
Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments
exposure
Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract
limitations
Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human protein/cell assay systems
plain_language
A protein acetylation readout changed downstream.
primary_references
[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
tissue_or_cell_type
Histone and nonhistone acetylation
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 593–604
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-p53-acetyl Curcumin reduced p300-mediated p53 acetylation in the reported cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A protein acetylation readout changed downstream. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200
Complete structured claim and evidence
Transferrin saturation declined with curcumin on the low-iron background.
Curcumin → Mouse transferrin iron saturation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"}
experimental_model
26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin
exposure
Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake
limitations
Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Less of the blood iron carrier was loaded with iron.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood and tissue iron
trigger_kind
nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 619–630
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-low-iron-tsat Transferrin saturation declined with curcumin on the low-iron background. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the blood iron carrier was loaded with iron. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and tissue iron experimental_model: 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin limitations: Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose. exposure: Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"} [curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952
Complete structured claim and evidence
Liver iron stores were reduced after six months.
Curcumin → Mouse liver iron content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
The mouse liver stored less iron.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 632–643
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-liver-iron Liver iron stores were reduced after six months. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The mouse liver stored less iron. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Splenic iron stores were reduced.
Curcumin → Mouse spleen iron content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
The storage effect also involved the spleen.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 645–656
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-spleen-iron Splenic iron stores were reduced. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The storage effect also involved the spleen. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Hepatic hepcidin expression was suppressed.
Curcumin → Mouse hepcidin / Hamp source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
An iron-regulating signal fell in this mouse context.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 658–669
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-hepcidin Hepatic hepcidin expression was suppressed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An iron-regulating signal fell in this mouse context. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Hepatic ferritin expression was suppressed.
Curcumin → Mouse hepatic ferritin expression source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Expression of iron-storage machinery decreased.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 671–682
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-ferritin Hepatic ferritin expression was suppressed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Expression of iron-storage machinery decreased. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Expression of the iron importer DMT1 increased.
Curcumin → Mouse DMT1 (Slc11a2) source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Iron-handling machinery responded to the altered iron state.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 684–695
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-dmt1 Expression of the iron importer DMT1 increased. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iron-handling machinery responded to the altered iron state. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Transferrin receptor 1 expression increased.
Curcumin → Mouse transferrin receptor 1 / Tfrc source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Another iron-uptake pathway increased its expression.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 697–708
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-tfrc Transferrin receptor 1 expression increased. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another iron-uptake pathway increased its expression. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study did not find reduced liver zinc stores.
Curcumin → Mouse liver zinc content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
This did not behave as indiscriminate stripping of every mineral.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 710–721
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-zinc-null The study did not find reduced liver zinc stores. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This did not behave as indiscriminate stripping of every mineral. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study did not find reduced liver copper stores.
Curcumin → Mouse liver copper content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}
experimental_model
Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice
exposure
Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet
limitations
Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Copper did not mirror the iron result.
primary_references
[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver and spleen
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 723–734
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-mouse-copper-null The study did not find reduced liver copper stores. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Copper did not mirror the iron result. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018
Complete structured claim and evidence
Adjusted non-transferrin-bound iron was lower with curcumin than placebo at trial end.
Curcumin → Human circulating non-transferrin-bound iron concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"}
experimental_model
Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients
exposure
Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison
limitations
Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
One circulating iron fraction decreased in this patient group.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118
tissue_or_cell_type
Circulating iron markers
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 749–760
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-thal-ntbi Adjusted non-transferrin-bound iron was lower with curcumin than placebo at trial end. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One circulating iron fraction decreased in this patient group. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating iron markers experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients limitations: Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change. exposure: Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"} [curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118
Complete structured claim and evidence
Hepcidin did not change significantly in this trial.
Curcumin → Circulating hepcidin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"}
experimental_model
Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients
exposure
Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison
limitations
Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The human marker result did not establish hepcidin suppression.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118
tissue_or_cell_type
Circulating iron markers
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 762–773
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-thal-hepcidin-null Hepcidin did not change significantly in this trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The human marker result did not establish hepcidin suppression. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating iron markers experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients limitations: Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change. exposure: Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"} [curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited human BCRP-mediated sulfasalazine transport in vesicles, Ki 0.70 +/- 0.41 micromolar.
Curcumin → Human ABCG2 / breast cancer resistance protein source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}
experimental_model
Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment
exposure
Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin
limitations
Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped
plain_language
A drug-export transporter can be inhibited in the test system.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal drug transport and plasma
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 775–786
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-bcrp-inhibition Curcumin inhibited human BCRP-mediated sulfasalazine transport in vesicles, Ki 0.70 +/- 0.41 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-export transporter can be inhibited in the test system. organism: Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal drug transport and plasma experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Sulfasalazine was transported by OATP2B1 in transfected cells, Km 1.7 +/- 0.3 micromolar.
Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 / SLCO2B1 → Human transporter-mediated sulfasalazine uptake in vitro source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}
experimental_model
Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment
exposure
Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin
limitations
Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped
plain_language
An uptake transporter also affects the drug's handling.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal drug transport and plasma
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 788–799
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-oatp-uptake Sulfasalazine was transported by OATP2B1 in transfected cells, Km 1.7 +/- 0.3 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An uptake transporter also affects the drug's handling. organism: Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal drug transport and plasma experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin increased sulfasalazine AUC about eightfold in wild-type mice but not in Bcrp-null mice.
Experimental mouse Abcg2 knockout → Mouse sulfasalazine plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}
experimental_model
Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment
exposure
Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin
limitations
Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Mus musculus
plain_language
Removing the transporter removed this interaction in the mouse experiment.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma pharmacokinetics
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 814–825
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-bcrp-loss Curcumin increased sulfasalazine AUC about eightfold in wild-type mice but not in Bcrp-null mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Removing the transporter removed this interaction in the mouse experiment. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified curcumin inhibited the tested CYP3A activity; the abstract does not resolve its isolated-compound result to a single isoform.
Curcumin → Human CYP3A subfamily, isoform unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
Curcumin itself affected a CYP3A metabolism assay, but this does not predict every human drug interaction.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 827–838
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-curcumin-cyp3a Purified curcumin inhibited the tested CYP3A activity; the abstract does not resolve its isolated-compound result to a single isoform. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Curcumin itself affected a CYP3A metabolism assay, but this does not predict every human drug interaction. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
The mixture inhibited CYP2C19 with mixed inhibition kinetics.
Curcuminoid extract, study-specific composition → Human cytochrome P450 2C19 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
The extract inhibited one drug-metabolizing enzyme in vitro.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 840–851
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-extract-cyp2c19 The mixture inhibited CYP2C19 with mixed inhibition kinetics. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The extract inhibited one drug-metabolizing enzyme in vitro. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
CYP2B6 activity was inhibited by the mixture.
Curcuminoid extract, study-specific composition → Human cytochrome P450 2B6 / CYP2B6 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
Another enzyme was affected in the test system.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 853–864
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-extract-cyp2b6 CYP2B6 activity was inhibited by the mixture. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another enzyme was affected in the test system. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
The mixture inhibited CYP2C9; purified curcumin was less potent than demethoxycurcumin against this activity.
Curcuminoid extract, study-specific composition → Human cytochrome P450 2C9 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
Related curcuminoids did not have identical effects.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 866–877
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-extract-cyp2c9 The mixture inhibited CYP2C9; purified curcumin was less potent than demethoxycurcumin against this activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Related curcuminoids did not have identical effects. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified curcumin inhibited the tested UGT activity.
Curcumin → Human UGT activities tested with curcuminoids, isoforms unresolved in abstract source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
A conjugation reaction was inhibited in vitro.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 879–890
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-curcumin-ugt Purified curcumin inhibited the tested UGT activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A conjugation reaction was inhibited in vitro. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified curcumin inhibited the tested SULT activity.
Curcumin → Human SULT activities tested with curcuminoids, isoforms unresolved in abstract source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
The effect included a sulfate-conjugation assay.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 892–903
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-curcumin-sult Purified curcumin inhibited the tested SULT activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The effect included a sulfate-conjugation assay. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
Piperine inhibited recombinant CYP3A4 more potently than CYP3A5.
Piperine → Human cytochrome P450 3A4 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}
experimental_model
Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays
exposure
Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations
limitations
In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Human enzyme systems
plain_language
The added absorption enhancer has its own enzyme effects.
primary_references
[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug metabolism assays
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 905–916
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-piperine-cyp3a4 Piperine inhibited recombinant CYP3A4 more potently than CYP3A5. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The added absorption enhancer has its own enzyme effects. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552
Complete structured claim and evidence
No meaningful overall midazolam pharmacokinetic change was found.
Curcuminoid-piperine preparation, study-specific → Plasma midazolam exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"}
experimental_model
Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers
exposure
4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug
limitations
Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The CYP3A probe did not show the expected major exposure change.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug pharmacokinetics
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 918–929
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-midazolam-null No meaningful overall midazolam pharmacokinetic change was found. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The CYP3A probe did not show the expected major exposure change. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Drug pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers limitations: Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations. exposure: 4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"} [curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
No meaningful overall flurbiprofen pharmacokinetic change was found.
Curcuminoid-piperine preparation, study-specific → Human flurbiprofen plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"}
experimental_model
Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers
exposure
4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug
limitations
Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The CYP2C9 probe also had a null overall result.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug pharmacokinetics
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 931–942
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-flurbiprofen-null No meaningful overall flurbiprofen pharmacokinetic change was found. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The CYP2C9 probe also had a null overall result. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Drug pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers limitations: Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations. exposure: 4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"} [curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
No meaningful overall acetaminophen pharmacokinetic change was found.
Curcuminoid-piperine preparation, study-specific → Human acetaminophen plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"}
experimental_model
Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers
exposure
4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug
limitations
Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The conjugation probe did not reproduce the in-vitro prediction.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
tissue_or_cell_type
Drug pharmacokinetics
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 944–955
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-acetaminophen-null No meaningful overall acetaminophen pharmacokinetic change was found. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The conjugation probe did not reproduce the in-vitro prediction. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Drug pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Randomized six-way crossover in eight healthy volunteers limitations: Short regimen and small sample. A null result for these probes does not establish no interactions with all medicines or preparations. exposure: 4 g curcuminoids plus 24 mg piperine, four doses over two days before each probe drug evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22725836.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1977, "text_sha256": "255db8a54957c442fe6fca1d21aafe393e3a5506bec7330b49e1bb6f85d86127"} [curcumin-p22725836] Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22725836/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04364.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Endoxifen AUC was 7.7% lower with curcumin alone; the confidence interval crossed zero and p=0.07.
Curcumin → Human endoxifen plasma exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"}
experimental_model
Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients
exposure
Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day
limitations
Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The curcumin-only result suggested a decrease but was not conventionally significant.
primary_references
[curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma drug and metabolite AUC
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 957–968
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-endoxifen-curcumin Endoxifen AUC was 7.7% lower with curcumin alone; the confidence interval crossed zero and p=0.07. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The curcumin-only result suggested a decrease but was not conventionally significant. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma drug and metabolite AUC experimental_model: Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established. exposure: Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"} [curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited PAF- and arachidonic-acid-driven platelet aggregation in vitro.
Curcumin → Platelet activation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}
experimental_model
Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays
exposure
Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar
limitations
In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
The platelet response was smaller in the assay.
primary_references
[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
tissue_or_cell_type
Platelet activation and calcium signaling
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 983–994
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-platelet-aggregation Curcumin inhibited PAF- and arachidonic-acid-driven platelet aggregation in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The platelet response was smaller in the assay. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
Complete structured claim and evidence
Curcumin inhibited platelet thromboxane A2 formation.
Curcumin → Platelet thromboxane A2 production in vitro source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}
experimental_model
Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays
exposure
Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar
limitations
In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
One platelet-activating signal was reduced.
primary_references
[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
tissue_or_cell_type
Platelet activation and calcium signaling
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 996–1007
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-platelet-thromboxane Curcumin inhibited platelet thromboxane A2 formation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One platelet-activating signal was reduced. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
Complete structured claim and evidence
At 100 micromolar, curcumin reduced ionophore-triggered intracellular calcium mobilization.
Curcumin → Platelet intracellular calcium mobilization in vitro source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}
experimental_model
Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays
exposure
Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar
limitations
In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract
plain_language
A calcium-signaling measurement changed; this is not calcium depletion.
primary_references
[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
tissue_or_cell_type
Platelet activation and calcium signaling
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1009–1020
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-platelet-calcium At 100 micromolar, curcumin reduced ionophore-triggered intracellular calcium mobilization. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A calcium-signaling measurement changed; this is not calcium depletion. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3
Complete structured claim and evidence
Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.4% of placebo participants and none in the extract group during the nine-month trial.
Curcuminoid extract, study-specific composition → Progression to type 2 diabetes in the specified trial source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22773702.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d2f1991f0e993327d17999b977037bc985b6363b19cac0819f626ff39fc20b2c", "start_char": 2610, "end_char": 16568, "text_sha256": "1cb18c4ac70a894bf05fa5f70d42ba42348292e3b13d1e9e3d33c503d143bd98"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 240 adults with prediabetes
exposure
Curcuminoid extract for nine months; 1500 mg/day curcuminoids in the full methods
limitations
Single trial in a selected population; no general guarantee of prevention or identified molecular mediator. This is an extract, not a purified-compound experiment.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
This trial found fewer new diabetes diagnoses in its treatment group.
primary_references
[curcumin-p22773702] Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773702/ DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0116
tissue_or_cell_type
Progression to diabetes and metabolic markers
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1022–1033
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 240 adults with prediabetes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-diabetes-trial Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.4% of placebo participants and none in the extract group during the nine-month trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This trial found fewer new diabetes diagnoses in its treatment group. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Progression to diabetes and metabolic markers experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 240 adults with prediabetes limitations: Single trial in a selected population; no general guarantee of prevention or identified molecular mediator. This is an extract, not a purified-compound experiment. exposure: Curcuminoid extract for nine months; 1500 mg/day curcuminoids in the full methods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22773702.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d2f1991f0e993327d17999b977037bc985b6363b19cac0819f626ff39fc20b2c", "start_char": 2610, "end_char": 16568, "text_sha256": "1cb18c4ac70a894bf05fa5f70d42ba42348292e3b13d1e9e3d33c503d143bd98"} [curcumin-p22773702] Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773702/ DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0116
Complete structured claim and evidence
Clinical remission occurred in 14/26 curcumin recipients versus 0/24 placebo recipients at week four.
Curcumin → Clinical remission of ulcerative colitis in the specified trial source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"}
experimental_model
Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults
exposure
Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine
limitations
Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
Adding curcumin improved the trial's remission endpoint.
primary_references
[curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019
tissue_or_cell_type
Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1035–1046
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-uc-remission Clinical remission occurred in 14/26 curcumin recipients versus 0/24 placebo recipients at week four. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding curcumin improved the trial's remission endpoint. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis experimental_model: Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults limitations: Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated. exposure: Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"} [curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019
Complete structured claim and evidence
Clinical response occurred in 17/26 versus 3/24 participants.
Curcumin → Clinical response of ulcerative colitis in the specified trial source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"}
experimental_model
Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults
exposure
Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine
limitations
Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
More participants also met the symptom-response criterion.
primary_references
[curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019
tissue_or_cell_type
Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1048–1059
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-uc-response Clinical response occurred in 17/26 versus 3/24 participants. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More participants also met the symptom-response criterion. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis experimental_model: Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults limitations: Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated. exposure: Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"} [curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019
Complete structured claim and evidence
The randomized study found no significant difference in mean adenoma count between curcumin and placebo.
Curcumin → Lower intestinal adenoma count in familial adenomatous polyposis source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"}
experimental_model
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients
exposure
Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months
limitations
The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The trial did not confirm a reduction in the number of polyps.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031
tissue_or_cell_type
Lower intestinal adenomas
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1061–1072
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-fap-count-null The randomized study found no significant difference in mean adenoma count between curcumin and placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trial did not confirm a reduction in the number of polyps. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Lower intestinal adenomas experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients limitations: The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention. exposure: Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"} [curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031
Complete structured claim and evidence
Mean adenoma size did not differ significantly between groups.
Curcumin → Lower intestinal adenoma size in familial adenomatous polyposis source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"}
experimental_model
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients
exposure
Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months
limitations
The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
It also did not establish smaller polyps.
primary_references
[curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031
tissue_or_cell_type
Lower intestinal adenomas
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1074–1085
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-fap-size-null Mean adenoma size did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: It also did not establish smaller polyps. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Lower intestinal adenomas experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients limitations: The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention. exposure: Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"} [curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031
Complete structured claim and evidence
VAS pain improved by 9.1 mm more than placebo; 95% CI for the difference was -17.8 to -0.4 mm.
Curcuma longa extract used in the 2020 knee trial → Knee osteoarthritis pain score source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults
exposure
Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks
limitations
Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The extract produced a modest average pain improvement.
primary_references
[curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
tissue_or_cell_type
Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1087–1098
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-knee-pain VAS pain improved by 9.1 mm more than placebo; 95% CI for the difference was -17.8 to -0.4 mm. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The extract produced a modest average pain improvement. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults limitations: Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes. exposure: Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"} [curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
Complete structured claim and evidence
MRI effusion-synovitis volume did not improve significantly.
Curcuma longa extract used in the 2020 knee trial → Knee MRI effusion-synovitis volume source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults
exposure
Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks
limitations
Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
Pain improvement did not establish a reduction in this MRI inflammation measure.
primary_references
[curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
tissue_or_cell_type
Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1100–1111
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-knee-synovitis-null MRI effusion-synovitis volume did not improve significantly. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Pain improvement did not establish a reduction in this MRI inflammation measure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults limitations: Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes. exposure: Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"} [curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
Complete structured claim and evidence
Lateral femoral cartilage T2 relaxation time did not change significantly.
Curcuma longa extract used in the 2020 knee trial → Knee cartilage MRI T2 relaxation time source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults
exposure
Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks
limitations
Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
The trial did not establish cartilage repair.
primary_references
[curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
tissue_or_cell_type
Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1113–1124
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-knee-cartilage-null Lateral femoral cartilage T2 relaxation time did not change significantly. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trial did not establish cartilage repair. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion-synovitis experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 70 adults limitations: Mixed botanical extract; its effects cannot be assigned exclusively to curcumin. Small, short trial with pain and MRI outcomes. exposure: Two capsules/day of the specified Curcuma longa extract for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/32926799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1979, "text_sha256": "4ca3be7297a1ef7c42d663b2238d3e53f58b5d21975f865c7cae7942681e990e"} [curcumin-p32926799] Effectiveness of Curcuma longa Extract for the Treatment of Symptoms and Effusion-Synovitis of Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32926799/ DOI: 10.7326/m20-0990
Complete structured claim and evidence
Seven of the ten patients carried HLA-B*35:01.
Human HLA-B*35:01 allele carrier state → Adjudicated turmeric-supplement-associated liver injury source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/36252717.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1722, "text_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c"}
experimental_model
Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing
exposure
Ten cases associated with turmeric supplements; seven available products tested, three contained piperine
limitations
Case series cannot estimate incidence, assign every case to purified curcumin or establish that piperine caused the injury. HLA association is not a sufficient diagnostic test.
nutrient_topic
Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
A genetic association was observed, but it does not identify every susceptible person.
primary_references
[curcumin-p36252717] Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36252717/ DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.09.026
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver injury
Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1139–1150
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### curcumin-hla-association Seven of the ten patients carried HLA-B*35:01. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A genetic association was observed, but it does not identify every susceptible person. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Liver injury experimental_model: Expert-adjudicated DILIN case series with product testing and HLA typing limitations: Case series cannot estimate incidence, assign every case to purified curcumin or establish that piperine caused the injury. HLA association is not a sufficient diagnostic test. exposure: Ten cases associated with turmeric supplements; seven available products tested, three contained piperine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/36252717.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1722, "text_sha256": "f5f0d7db2b11e9ba6d176c45671428ac43c57cd8ce447873ea5fecd0d554244c"} [curcumin-p36252717] Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36252717/ DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.09.026
Complete structured claim and evidence
TXNRD1 recharges thioredoxin so it can reduce other proteins.
Cytosolic TXNRD1 uses NADPH-derived reducing equivalents to reduce oxidized thioredoxin through its flavin and C-terminal redox centers.
TXNRD1 → TXN1 source_derived_draftliterature_reviewed:direct_experimental
Experimental context and source evidence
experimental_model
Purified rat liver cytosolic thioredoxin reductase and recombinant active-site variants.
limitations
This experiment-specific relationship does not establish a human dietary-deficiency threshold or supplementation benefit.
organism
Rat protein and recombinant enzyme assays
Selenium: literature corrections and mechanism additions · lines 965–974
Metabolic Ledger literature curation, 17 September 2026; primary papers linked individually · supports · Purified rat liver cytosolic thioredoxin reductase and recombinant active-site variants. · secondary_verified · secondary_verified
## txnrd1-reduces-txn1 TXNRD1 recharges thioredoxin so it can reduce other proteins. Cytosolic TXNRD1 uses NADPH-derived reducing equivalents to reduce oxidized thioredoxin through its flavin and C-terminal redox centers. Experimental model: Purified rat liver cytosolic thioredoxin reductase and recombinant active-site variants. Organism: Rat protein and recombinant enzyme assays Limitations: This experiment-specific relationship does not establish a human dietary-deficiency threshold or supplementation benefit. Primary reference: [Mammalian thioredoxin reductase: C-terminal redox center and selenium-to-sulfur substitution](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC15961/)
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified rat liver thioredoxin reductase reduced DHA using NADPH, with apparent DHA Km 2.5 mM and turnover 90 min−1.
Rat thioredoxin reductase 1 / Txnrd1 → Dehydroascorbic acid source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
cross_nutrient
true
experimental_model
Purified rat liver thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin and selenium-deficient rat liver
exposure
Purified enzyme plus NADPH and DHA
limitations
Biochemical capacity; not the same as cellular rate at low DHA concentration.
nutrient_topic
Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C
organism
Rattus norvegicus
plain_language
Thioredoxin reductase provides another route for recovering reduced vitamin C.
primary_references
[may1997] Reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate by the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9278416/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22607
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified liver enzyme
Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 377–388
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat liver thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin and selenium-deficient rat liver · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vc-transport-txnrd-dha Purified rat liver thioredoxin reductase reduced DHA using NADPH, with apparent DHA Km 2.5 mM and turnover 90 min−1. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Thioredoxin reductase provides another route for recovering reduced vitamin C. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified liver enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat liver thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin and selenium-deficient rat liver limitations: Biochemical capacity; not the same as cellular rate at low DHA concentration. exposure: Purified enzyme plus NADPH and DHA cross_nutrient: true [may1997] Reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate by the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9278416/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22607
Complete structured claim and evidence
The KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 complex targeted multiple lysines in the Nrf2 Neh2 domain for ubiquitination.
Human KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 ubiquitin-ligase complex → Human Nrf2 / NFE2L2 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/15572695.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d120b0ea48a77a99b12e9147e4acb02fd63026ed729a37d5e2edf174c5674765", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1484, "text_sha256": "d120b0ea48a77a99b12e9147e4acb02fd63026ed729a37d5e2edf174c5674765"}
experimental_model
Cell transfection, coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays
exposure
Sulforaphane or quinone stress; C151S KEAP1 comparison
limitations
The measured interaction is ubiquitin-ligase regulation; do not describe it as obligatory physical release of all bound Nrf2.
nutrient_topic
Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
organism
Human protein constructs in mammalian cell systems
plain_language
Nrf2 is normally marked for turnover.
primary_references
[sulforaphane-p15572695] Keap1 is a redox-regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15572695/ DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.24.10941-10953.2004
tissue_or_cell_type
KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 control of Nrf2
Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 463–474
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell transfection, coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### sulforaphane-ligase-nrf2 The KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 complex targeted multiple lysines in the Nrf2 Neh2 domain for ubiquitination. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Nrf2 is normally marked for turnover. organism: Human protein constructs in mammalian cell systems tissue_or_cell_type: KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 control of Nrf2 experimental_model: Cell transfection, coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays limitations: The measured interaction is ubiquitin-ligase regulation; do not describe it as obligatory physical release of all bound Nrf2. exposure: Sulforaphane or quinone stress; C151S KEAP1 comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/15572695.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d120b0ea48a77a99b12e9147e4acb02fd63026ed729a37d5e2edf174c5674765", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1484, "text_sha256": "d120b0ea48a77a99b12e9147e4acb02fd63026ed729a37d5e2edf174c5674765"} [sulforaphane-p15572695] Keap1 is a redox-regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15572695/ DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.24.10941-10953.2004
Complete structured claim and evidence
Conversion of N-desmethyltamoxifen to endoxifen was catalyzed by CYP2D6 in the tested system.
Human cytochrome P450 2D6 → N-Desmethyltamoxifen source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/15159443.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0668ce2256915fc1d4e4a5d395c544cb453e9f2599fef68f2dd5edede4f42081", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1544, "text_sha256": "0668ce2256915fc1d4e4a5d395c544cb453e9f2599fef68f2dd5edede4f42081"}
experimental_model
Kinetic, inhibition and recombinant-enzyme pathway mapping
exposure
Therapeutically relevant substrate concentrations
limitations
Biochemical pathway identity; does not attribute the observed DIM interaction to any single CYP or prove clinical cancer outcomes.
nutrient_topic
Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · 3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM
organism
Human liver microsomes and expressed CYPs
plain_language
The key activation step cannot be replaced by the statement that CYP1A2 is induced.
primary_references
[dim-p15159443] Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15159443/ DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.065607
tissue_or_cell_type
Sequential tamoxifen metabolism
Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1000–1011
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Kinetic, inhibition and recombinant-enzyme pathway mapping · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### dim-tamoxifen-endoxifen Conversion of N-desmethyltamoxifen to endoxifen was catalyzed by CYP2D6 in the tested system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The key activation step cannot be replaced by the statement that CYP1A2 is induced. organism: Human liver microsomes and expressed CYPs tissue_or_cell_type: Sequential tamoxifen metabolism experimental_model: Kinetic, inhibition and recombinant-enzyme pathway mapping limitations: Biochemical pathway identity; does not attribute the observed DIM interaction to any single CYP or prove clinical cancer outcomes. exposure: Therapeutically relevant substrate concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/15159443.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0668ce2256915fc1d4e4a5d395c544cb453e9f2599fef68f2dd5edede4f42081", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1544, "text_sha256": "0668ce2256915fc1d4e4a5d395c544cb453e9f2599fef68f2dd5edede4f42081"} [dim-p15159443] Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15159443/ DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.065607
Complete structured claim and evidence
Hepcidin binding induced ferroportin internalization and degradation.
Hepcidin → Cell-surface ferroportin abundance source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/15514116.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00a292f6693116798182b0f9418f2eb8466aa029f32905019416422002158c4a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 758, "text_sha256": "00a292f6693116798182b0f9418f2eb8466aa029f32905019416422002158c4a"}
experimental_model
Hepcidin binding and cellular export experiments
exposure
Hepcidin exposure
limitations
Post-translational export regulation; no dose-response to dietary iron is inferred from the cell experiment.
nutrient_topic
Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iron
organism
Tissue-culture ferroportin systems
plain_language
The cell removes the exit route for iron from its surface.
primary_references
[iron-p15514116] Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514116/ DOI: 10.1126/science.1104742
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma membrane
Iron: absorption, trafficking, iron-dependent enzymes and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 719–730
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hepcidin binding and cellular export experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### iron-hepcidin-fpn-removal Hepcidin binding induced ferroportin internalization and degradation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cell removes the exit route for iron from its surface. organism: Tissue-culture ferroportin systems tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma membrane experimental_model: Hepcidin binding and cellular export experiments limitations: Post-translational export regulation; no dose-response to dietary iron is inferred from the cell experiment. exposure: Hepcidin exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/15514116.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00a292f6693116798182b0f9418f2eb8466aa029f32905019416422002158c4a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 758, "text_sha256": "00a292f6693116798182b0f9418f2eb8466aa029f32905019416422002158c4a"} [iron-p15514116] Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514116/ DOI: 10.1126/science.1104742
Complete structured claim and evidence

Availability and dependencies

Each situation shows the normal role first, then what the sources report under a specific condition. A shortfall in the diet, a fault in the machinery, and a low blood reading are kept separate because they are not the same thing.

When Nrf2 is experimentally suppressed

Condition: machinery_impairment · Nrf2 siRNA in mouse epidermal cells.

Normal role: Nrf2 supports the induced HO-1 response.

Recorded consequence: Curcumin-associated HO-1 induction was abrogated.

Scope: Murine JB6 cells

When the Keap1 sensor cysteine is changed

Condition: machinery_impairment · Cys151 replaced by serine in the experimental construct.

Normal role: Keap1 cysteine chemistry influences Nrf2 activation.

Recorded consequence: Curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation was markedly reduced.

Scope: Transfected construct assay in the murine-cell study

When glutathione synthesis is inhibited

Condition: machinery_impairment · Experimental inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis.

Normal role: Glutathione intercepts reactive metabolites.

Recorded consequence: Fewer curcumin-glutathione adducts and stronger NF-kappa-B inhibition were observed.

Scope: Cell experiment

When the drug-export transporter is absent

Condition: machinery_impairment · Abcg2 knockout in mice.

Normal role: Bcrp limits sulfasalazine exposure.

Recorded consequence: Curcumin no longer produced the exposure increase seen in wild-type mice.

Scope: Mouse transporter knockout experiment

The sources

Every document behind this chapter is preserved word for word. Open one to read it in full with its recorded conflicts marked in place.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Iron: absorption, trafficking, iron-dependent enzymes and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Selenium: literature corrections and mechanism additionsMetabolic Ledger literature curation, 17 September 2026; primary papers linked individually · secondary_verifiedRead preserved source
Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source

Recorded disagreements

Where two sources say different things, both are kept and the difference is explained. You can discuss a disagreement or propose a mechanism that might account for it.

Open questions in this collection

Questions the curators could not answer from the sources in front of them, kept here with the reason each one is still open. These are gaps in this collection, not findings or proof that no one has studied them.

Which parent compound or metabolite reaches each human tissue at an active concentration?Free curcumin, total curcumin after deconjugation, glucuronides, sulfates, reduced metabolites and oxidative products are not interchangeable measurements.
Which clinical benefits reproduce across preparations and populations?The colitis adjunct trial, diabetes trial, knee botanical trial and null FAP trial do not establish one universal curcumin treatment effect.
What causes turmeric-supplement liver injury and how often does it occur?The case series supports a clinical signal and an HLA association but lacks the exposed-population denominator and a resolved product-specific molecular mechanism.
Is low curcumin intake a deficiency state?No essential curcumin requirement or specific deficiency syndrome is established. Iron restriction, Nrf2 suppression, glutathione-synthesis inhibition and BCRP knockout are separate conditions.
Which enzyme or transporter explains the lower endoxifen exposure?The patient study measured exposure, not a complete causal partition across CYPs, conjugation and transport; curcumin-only and piperine-containing results remain distinct.
Do long-term curcumin preparations impair iron status in iron-depleted humans?Long-term mouse iron findings and an acute healthy-human formulation study answer different questions. No universal contradiction or human deficiency threshold is inferred.
Does curcumin change human vitamin C recycling through thioredoxin reductase inhibition?The shared enzyme creates a testable cross-nutrient hypothesis, not a demonstrated clinical chain. No claim that curcumin strips selenium or drains vitamins is supported here.

Chapters are assembled from supplied drafts and curated literature summaries. Statements remain unverified against the primary studies, and the ledger is not medical advice.

Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards

Curcumin

The mechanisms

Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected in all participants.

The purified two-step reduction depended on NADPH.

Curcumin inhibited NADPH-reduced rat TrxR1 and inhibition persisted after curcumin removal.

On the lowest-iron background, curcumin produced a dose-dependent fall in hemoglobin.

HydroCurc did not impair the acute serum-iron response to either tested ferrous-iron dose.

Endoxifen AUC fell 12.4% with curcumin plus piperine, p=0.02.

Sulfasalazine AUC increased 2.0-fold at the microdose and 3.2-fold at the therapeutic dose.

Nrf2 siRNA abrogated curcumin-induced HO-1 expression.

Curcumin HIV-2 protease inhibition shifted from IC50 19 micromolar to above 100 micromolar with nonionic detergent, supporting aggregate-dependent inhibition.

Ten adjudicated cases included nine hepatocellular injuries; five patients were hospitalized and one died.

Human SULT1A1 catalyzed curcumin sulfation.

Human SULT1A3 also catalyzed curcumin sulfation.

Curcumin glucuronide was identified after incubation with human intestinal and hepatic microsomes.

Tetrahydrocurcumin was detected among human intestinal and hepatic cytosolic metabolites.

Hexahydrocurcumin was also identified in the human cytosolic incubations.

UGT2B7 supported curcumin glucuronidation in the experimental system.

Tetrahydrocurcumin showed lower glucuronidation activity than curcumin under the tested UGT2B7 conditions.

CurA catalyzed the first reduction of curcumin to dihydrocurcumin.

CurA then reduced dihydrocurcumin to tetrahydrocurcumin.

Only one participant had detectable free curcumin at the assayed time points.

Adding piperine increased measured curcumin exposure in this human comparison; the study reported a 2000% bioavailability increase.

The tested micellar preparation increased plasma AUC 57-fold relative to native curcumin.

The gamma-cyclodextrin preparation increased plasma AUC 30-fold relative to native curcumin.

Micellar curcumin showed greater post-digestive solubility and micellization in the parallel digestion experiments.

Curcumin stabilized Nrf2 protein in the murine epidermal-cell experiments.

Curcumin reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation.

Steady-state Nrf2 mRNA did not increase despite the protein increase.

Curcumin induced HO-1 expression in JB6 cells.

Mass spectrometry identified curcumin binding at Keap1 Cys151 in the reported construct experiment.

Tetrahydrocurcumin failed to reproduce HO-1 induction in this comparison.

The C151S construct reduced curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation.

Oxidatively reactive curcumin analogs were more potent inhibitors than oxidation-resistant analogs, supporting a role for reactive oxidative products.

Oxidative curcumin metabolites formed adducts with and inhibited IKK beta.

Curcumin-derived glutathione adducts were measured in cells.

Inhibiting glutathione biosynthesis increased curcumin potency while reducing measured curcumin-glutathione adducts.

NAC pretreatment shifted the curcumin dose-response curve toward lower inhibitory potency in RAW264.7 cells.

Mass spectrometry and blotting supported modification of Cys496 and Sec497 in the rat enzyme.

The modified enzyme acquired increased NADPH oxidase activity associated with reactive oxygen species production.

Curcumin inhibited measured TrxR activity in cultured HeLa cells at about 15 micromolar IC50.

Curcumin inhibited p300 acetyltransferase activity in the tested systems.

CBP acetyltransferase activity was inhibited in the comparison.

PCAF activity was not inhibited under the reported comparison conditions.

Curcumin reduced p300-mediated p53 acetylation in the reported cell experiments.

Transferrin saturation declined with curcumin on the low-iron background.

Liver iron stores were reduced after six months.

Splenic iron stores were reduced.

Hepatic hepcidin expression was suppressed.

Hepatic ferritin expression was suppressed.

Expression of the iron importer DMT1 increased.

Transferrin receptor 1 expression increased.

The study did not find reduced liver zinc stores.

The study did not find reduced liver copper stores.

Adjusted non-transferrin-bound iron was lower with curcumin than placebo at trial end.

Hepcidin did not change significantly in this trial.

Curcumin inhibited human BCRP-mediated sulfasalazine transport in vesicles, Ki 0.70 +/- 0.41 micromolar.

Sulfasalazine was transported by OATP2B1 in transfected cells, Km 1.7 +/- 0.3 micromolar.

Curcumin increased sulfasalazine AUC about eightfold in wild-type mice but not in Bcrp-null mice.

Purified curcumin inhibited the tested CYP3A activity; the abstract does not resolve its isolated-compound result to a single isoform.

The mixture inhibited CYP2C19 with mixed inhibition kinetics.

CYP2B6 activity was inhibited by the mixture.

The mixture inhibited CYP2C9; purified curcumin was less potent than demethoxycurcumin against this activity.

Purified curcumin inhibited the tested UGT activity.

Purified curcumin inhibited the tested SULT activity.

Piperine inhibited recombinant CYP3A4 more potently than CYP3A5.

No meaningful overall midazolam pharmacokinetic change was found.

No meaningful overall flurbiprofen pharmacokinetic change was found.

No meaningful overall acetaminophen pharmacokinetic change was found.

Endoxifen AUC was 7.7% lower with curcumin alone; the confidence interval crossed zero and p=0.07.

Curcumin inhibited PAF- and arachidonic-acid-driven platelet aggregation in vitro.

Curcumin inhibited platelet thromboxane A2 formation.

At 100 micromolar, curcumin reduced ionophore-triggered intracellular calcium mobilization.

Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.4% of placebo participants and none in the extract group during the nine-month trial.

Clinical remission occurred in 14/26 curcumin recipients versus 0/24 placebo recipients at week four.

Clinical response occurred in 17/26 versus 3/24 participants.

The randomized study found no significant difference in mean adenoma count between curcumin and placebo.

Mean adenoma size did not differ significantly between groups.

VAS pain improved by 9.1 mm more than placebo; 95% CI for the difference was -17.8 to -0.4 mm.

MRI effusion-synovitis volume did not improve significantly.