Curcumin

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment

exposure

Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin

limitations

Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped

plain_language

A drug-export transporter can be inhibited in the test system.

primary_references

[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal drug transport and plasma

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 775–786

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-bcrp-inhibition Curcumin inhibited human BCRP-mediated sulfasalazine transport in vesicles, Ki 0.70 +/- 0.41 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-export transporter can be inhibited in the test system. organism: Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal drug transport and plasma experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}

experimental_model

Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments

exposure

Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract

limitations

Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human protein/cell assay systems

plain_language

A related acetyltransferase was also affected.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

tissue_or_cell_type

Histone and nonhistone acetylation

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 567–578

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-cbp CBP acetyltransferase activity was inhibited in the comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A related acetyltransferase was also affected. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}

experimental_model

Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays

exposure

Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations

limitations

In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human enzyme systems

plain_language

Curcumin itself affected a CYP3A metabolism assay, but this does not predict every human drug interaction.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

tissue_or_cell_type

Drug metabolism assays

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 827–838

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-curcumin-cyp3a Purified curcumin inhibited the tested CYP3A activity; the abstract does not resolve its isolated-compound result to a single isoform. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Curcumin itself affected a CYP3A metabolism assay, but this does not predict every human drug interaction. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}

experimental_model

Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays

exposure

Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations

limitations

In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human enzyme systems

plain_language

The effect included a sulfate-conjugation assay.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

tissue_or_cell_type

Drug metabolism assays

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 892–903

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-curcumin-sult Purified curcumin inhibited the tested SULT activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The effect included a sulfate-conjugation assay. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"}

experimental_model

Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays

exposure

Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations

limitations

In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human enzyme systems

plain_language

A conjugation reaction was inhibited in vitro.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

tissue_or_cell_type

Drug metabolism assays

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 879–890

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-curcumin-ugt Purified curcumin inhibited the tested UGT activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A conjugation reaction was inhibited in vitro. organism: Human enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Drug metabolism assays experimental_model: Human microsomal/cytosolic and recombinant enzyme inhibition assays limitations: In-vitro inhibition does not automatically predict human drug levels. Extract, isolated curcumin and piperine are separate interventions. exposure: Curcuminoid mixture, purified curcuminoids and piperine; micromolar concentrations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18480186.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1788, "text_sha256": "c1155ca38a767b3c3fa7bd494d0ad5590eed70a47812b7a6f3d977b43aa8a922"} [curcumin-p18480186] Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18480186/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"}

experimental_model

Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients

exposure

Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day

limitations

Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The curcumin-only result suggested a decrease but was not conventionally significant.

primary_references

[curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma drug and metabolite AUC

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 957–968

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-endoxifen-curcumin Endoxifen AUC was 7.7% lower with curcumin alone; the confidence interval crossed zero and p=0.07. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The curcumin-only result suggested a decrease but was not conventionally significant. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma drug and metabolite AUC experimental_model: Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established. exposure: Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"} [curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}

experimental_model

Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments

exposure

Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract

limitations

Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human protein/cell assay systems

plain_language

The study reported an effect on an enzyme that adds acetyl marks.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

tissue_or_cell_type

Histone and nonhistone acetylation

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 554–565

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-ep300 Curcumin inhibited p300 acetyltransferase activity in the tested systems. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study reported an effect on an enzyme that adds acetyl marks. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients

exposure

Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months

limitations

The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The trial did not confirm a reduction in the number of polyps.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031

tissue_or_cell_type

Lower intestinal adenomas

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1061–1072

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-fap-count-null The randomized study found no significant difference in mean adenoma count between curcumin and placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trial did not confirm a reduction in the number of polyps. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Lower intestinal adenomas experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients limitations: The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention. exposure: Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"} [curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients

exposure

Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months

limitations

The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

It also did not establish smaller polyps.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031

tissue_or_cell_type

Lower intestinal adenomas

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1074–1085

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-fap-size-null Mean adenoma size did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: It also did not establish smaller polyps. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Lower intestinal adenomas experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 44 FAP patients limitations: The indexed abstract inconsistently says 12 weeks in results/conclusion despite 12-month methods; no precise endpoint duration is assigned to the result below. No inference of cancer prevention. exposure: Purified curcumin 1500 mg twice/day; protocol described as 12 months evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29802852.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2094, "text_sha256": "d9f3bba0ad0cc2b24e75d102e678b2c92867808bcb5181ee1da8ceae0d71ad44"} [curcumin-p29802852] Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29802852/ DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.031

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}

experimental_model

Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays

exposure

Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar

limitations

Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A cultured human-cell assay also showed enzyme inhibition.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

tissue_or_cell_type

HeLa cells

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 541–552

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-hela-trx Curcumin inhibited measured TrxR activity in cultured HeLa cells at about 15 micromolar IC50. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A cultured human-cell assay also showed enzyme inhibition. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HeLa cells experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

The stress-response pathway increased a heme-processing enzyme.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 372–383

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-ho1 Curcumin induced HO-1 expression in JB6 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The stress-response pathway increased a heme-processing enzyme. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

A chemically reactive part of curcumin can modify a sensor cysteine.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 385–396

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-keap-adduct Mass spectrometry identified curcumin binding at Keap1 Cys151 in the reported construct experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A chemically reactive part of curcumin can modify a sensor cysteine. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

The mouse liver stored less iron.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 632–643

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-liver-iron Liver iron stores were reduced after six months. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The mouse liver stored less iron. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"}

experimental_model

26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin

exposure

Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake

limitations

Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Low iron supply changed the consequences of curcumin exposure.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood and tissue iron

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 606–617

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-low-iron-hb On the lowest-iron background, curcumin produced a dose-dependent fall in hemoglobin. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Low iron supply changed the consequences of curcumin exposure. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and tissue iron experimental_model: 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin limitations: Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose. exposure: Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"} [curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"}

experimental_model

26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin

exposure

Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake

limitations

Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Less of the blood iron carrier was loaded with iron.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood and tissue iron

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 619–630

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-low-iron-tsat Transferrin saturation declined with curcumin on the low-iron background. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the blood iron carrier was loaded with iron. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and tissue iron experimental_model: 26-week mouse feeding experiment with graded dietary iron and curcumin limitations: Mouse dietary exposure; no universal human anemia prediction. Exact dietary concentrations should be checked in the original methods before translating dose. exposure: Low-iron background with graded curcumin intake evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18815282.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1368, "text_sha256": "37d4724833996e19b5dedff95a592acbfc5123f22cef97d14656b53a82666aa8"} [curcumin-p18815282] Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815282/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-155952

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Copper did not mirror the iron result.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 723–734

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-copper-null The study did not find reduced liver copper stores. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Copper did not mirror the iron result. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Iron-handling machinery responded to the altered iron state.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 684–695

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-dmt1 Expression of the iron importer DMT1 increased. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iron-handling machinery responded to the altered iron state. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Expression of iron-storage machinery decreased.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 671–682

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-ferritin Hepatic ferritin expression was suppressed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Expression of iron-storage machinery decreased. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

An iron-regulating signal fell in this mouse context.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 658–669

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-hepcidin Hepatic hepcidin expression was suppressed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An iron-regulating signal fell in this mouse context. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Another iron-uptake pathway increased its expression.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 697–708

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-tfrc Transferrin receptor 1 expression increased. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another iron-uptake pathway increased its expression. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

This did not behave as indiscriminate stripping of every mineral.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 710–721

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-mouse-zinc-null The study did not find reduced liver zinc stores. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This did not behave as indiscriminate stripping of every mineral. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

The cell retained more of a stress-response regulator.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 333–344

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-nrf2-stability Curcumin stabilized Nrf2 protein in the murine epidermal-cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cell retained more of a stress-response regulator. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

More protein did not mean more gene transcript in this experiment.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 359–370

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-nrf2-transcript-null Steady-state Nrf2 mRNA did not increase despite the protein increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More protein did not mean more gene transcript in this experiment. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

Less of the regulator was marked for destruction.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 346–357

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-nrf2-ubiquitin Curcumin reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the regulator was marked for destruction. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}

experimental_model

Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays

exposure

Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis

limitations

Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract

plain_language

Chemical transformation can create the species responsible for an effect.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

tissue_or_cell_type

Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 437–448

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-oxidative-activation Oxidatively reactive curcumin analogs were more potent inhibitors than oxidation-resistant analogs, supporting a role for reactive oxidative products. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chemical transformation can create the species responsible for an effect. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}

experimental_model

Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments

exposure

Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract

limitations

Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human protein/cell assay systems

plain_language

A protein acetylation readout changed downstream.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

tissue_or_cell_type

Histone and nonhistone acetylation

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 593–604

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-p53-acetyl Curcumin reduced p300-mediated p53 acetylation in the reported cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A protein acetylation readout changed downstream. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"}

experimental_model

Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments

exposure

Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract

limitations

Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human protein/cell assay systems

plain_language

The finding did not extend to every tested acetyltransferase.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

tissue_or_cell_type

Histone and nonhistone acetylation

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 580–591

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-pcaf-null PCAF activity was not inhibited under the reported comparison conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The finding did not extend to every tested acetyltransferase. organism: Human protein/cell assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: Histone and nonhistone acetylation experimental_model: Purified acetyltransferase and cell experiments limitations: Historical biochemical specificity is limited to the tested comparators, not proof of selective human epigenome reprogramming. No antiviral treatment conclusion is imported. exposure: Curcumin tested against p300/CBP and PCAF; exact concentrations not resolved from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15383533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "e9d4ab7547b17835d52e1845559cc5eaead6c13d30c54d48d716ee3b9cff94f1"} [curcumin-p15383533] Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383533/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409024200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"}

experimental_model

Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers

exposure

10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL

limitations

High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Most measurable circulating material was chemically conjugated.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 255–266

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-pk-conjugates Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected in all participants. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Most measurable circulating material was chemically conjugated. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers limitations: High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin. exposure: 10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"} [curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"}

experimental_model

Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers

exposure

10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL

limitations

High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A large oral dose did not generally produce detectable free curcumin with this assay.

primary_references

[curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 242–253

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-pk-free-low Only one participant had detectable free curcumin at the assayed time points. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A large oral dose did not generally produce detectable free curcumin with this assay. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers limitations: High historical experimental doses; a conjugate measurement must not be relabeled free curcumin. exposure: 10- or 12-g oral preparation; sampling through 72 hours; free-curcumin detection limit 50 ng/mL evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/18559556.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1500, "text_sha256": "1170d8765efee654882cc57cb7c4cf5f48bb4cb79fe5426a679f5bc27e886ee1"} [curcumin-p18559556] Pharmacokinetics of curcumin conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18559556/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2693

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}

experimental_model

Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays

exposure

Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar

limitations

In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

The platelet response was smaller in the assay.

primary_references

[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

tissue_or_cell_type

Platelet activation and calcium signaling

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 983–994

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-platelet-aggregation Curcumin inhibited PAF- and arachidonic-acid-driven platelet aggregation in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The platelet response was smaller in the assay. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}

experimental_model

Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays

exposure

Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar

limitations

In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

A calcium-signaling measurement changed; this is not calcium depletion.

primary_references

[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

tissue_or_cell_type

Platelet activation and calcium signaling

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1009–1020

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-platelet-calcium At 100 micromolar, curcumin reduced ionophore-triggered intracellular calcium mobilization. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A calcium-signaling measurement changed; this is not calcium depletion. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"}

experimental_model

Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays

exposure

Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar

limitations

In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

One platelet-activating signal was reduced.

primary_references

[curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

tissue_or_cell_type

Platelet activation and calcium signaling

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 996–1007

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-platelet-thromboxane Curcumin inhibited platelet thromboxane A2 formation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One platelet-activating signal was reduced. organism: Platelets; donor species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Platelet activation and calcium signaling experimental_model: Isolated platelet aggregation and signaling assays limitations: In-vitro concentrations are not proof of clinical bleeding risk or an anticoagulant treatment effect; fluorescence-based calcium readout is assay-specific. exposure: Curcumin: PAF/arachidonic-acid aggregation IC50 about 20-25 micromolar, thromboxane IC50 about 70 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/10484074.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1375, "text_sha256": "a7f693540f3a0c4db6b93f1ce8c2adaadd1647a6234091da685497bdf66c2b1a"} [curcumin-p10484074] Inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and Ca2+ signaling. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484074/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00206-3

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"}

experimental_model

Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice

exposure

Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet

limitations

Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

The storage effect also involved the spleen.

primary_references

[curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver and spleen

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 645–656

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-spleen-iron Splenic iron stores were reduced. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The storage effect also involved the spleen. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and spleen experimental_model: Six-month feeding comparison in C57BL/6J mice limitations: Long-term mouse findings cannot be equated with acute human supplementation. Expression changes may be adaptive responses, not direct target binding. exposure: Diet containing 0.2% curcumin versus unsupplemented diet evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/24634837.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "3c64f5d7dd7206fa30f155d11ee68a90c72432b6ff1837922ee17ef1e811fec7"} [curcumin-p24634837] Curcumin may impair iron status when fed to mice for six months. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24634837/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.018

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}

experimental_model

Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment

exposure

Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin

limitations

Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped

plain_language

The human experiment measured more sulfasalazine in blood.

primary_references

[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal drug transport and plasma

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 801–812

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-sulfasalazine-exposure Sulfasalazine AUC increased 2.0-fold at the microdose and 3.2-fold at the therapeutic dose. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The human experiment measured more sulfasalazine in blood. organism: Human transporter/human participants; mouse claims separately scoped tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal drug transport and plasma experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients

exposure

Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison

limitations

Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The human marker result did not establish hepcidin suppression.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118

tissue_or_cell_type

Circulating iron markers

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 762–773

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-thal-hepcidin-null Hepcidin did not change significantly in this trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The human marker result did not establish hepcidin suppression. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating iron markers experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients limitations: Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change. exposure: Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"} [curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients

exposure

Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison

limitations

Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

One circulating iron fraction decreased in this patient group.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118

tissue_or_cell_type

Circulating iron markers

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 749–760

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-thal-ntbi Adjusted non-transferrin-bound iron was lower with curcumin than placebo at trial end. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One circulating iron fraction decreased in this patient group. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating iron markers experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in 68 beta-thalassemia major patients limitations: Disease-specific adjunctive experiment. Lower NTBI is not proof that standard chelation can be replaced or that hepcidin mediates the change. exposure: Two 500-mg capsules per day, total 1000 mg/day, for 12 weeks; placebo comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29806132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1511, "text_sha256": "d000b66ecff021e755bef4a69beb4e1699039b55f1af96844c7860bae4b1847c"} [curcumin-p29806132] An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29806132/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6118

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}

experimental_model

Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays

exposure

Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar

limitations

Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

The interaction included the selenium-containing active-site residue.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

tissue_or_cell_type

Purified enzyme

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 515–526

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-trx-adduct Mass spectrometry and blotting supported modification of Cys496 and Sec497 in the rat enzyme. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The interaction included the selenium-containing active-site residue. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"}

experimental_model

Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays

exposure

Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar

limitations

Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

An enzyme that normally helps control oxidation was inhibited.

primary_references

[curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

tissue_or_cell_type

Purified enzyme

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 502–513

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-trx-inhibition Curcumin inhibited NADPH-reduced rat TrxR1 and inhibition persisted after curcumin removal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme that normally helps control oxidation was inhibited. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Purified rat enzyme and separate HeLa-cell assays limitations: Rat residue numbering Cys496/Sec497 is source-specific and must not replace numbering in other TrxR constructs. Cellular enzyme activity does not prove clinical cancer benefit. exposure: Rat enzyme: two-hour incubation, IC50 3.6 micromolar; HeLa activity IC50 about 15 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/15879598.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "be68f9ed2b0741db356a6bc020304fe832121f92dfd9c423ce8a305e984e995c"} [curcumin-p15879598] Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879598/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414645200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"}

experimental_model

Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults

exposure

Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine

limitations

Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Adding curcumin improved the trial's remission endpoint.

primary_references

[curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019

tissue_or_cell_type

Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1035–1046

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-uc-remission Clinical remission occurred in 14/26 curcumin recipients versus 0/24 placebo recipients at week four. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding curcumin improved the trial's remission endpoint. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis experimental_model: Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults limitations: Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated. exposure: Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"} [curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"}

experimental_model

Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults

exposure

Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine

limitations

Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

More participants also met the symptom-response criterion.

primary_references

[curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019

tissue_or_cell_type

Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1048–1059

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-uc-response Clinical response occurred in 17/26 versus 3/24 participants. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More participants also met the symptom-response criterion. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis experimental_model: Multicenter randomized trial in 50 mesalamine-treated adults limitations: Adjunctive treatment, not curcumin monotherapy. Small study and wide confidence intervals; molecular mediation not demonstrated. exposure: Curcumin 3 g/day or placebo for one month with continuing mesalamine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25724700.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1945, "text_sha256": "470d55e94365249fc0b737c0b177188f2d4a968cd148b71c3ee6c621189cd09e"} [curcumin-p25724700] Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.019

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"}

experimental_model

Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7

exposure

Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis

limitations

Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human tissue and enzyme systems

plain_language

A named enzyme contributes to curcumin conjugation.

primary_references

[curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929

tissue_or_cell_type

Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 177–188

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-ugt2b7-cur UGT2B7 supported curcumin glucuronidation in the experimental system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A named enzyme contributes to curcumin conjugation. organism: Human tissue and enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Microsomes and recombinant UGT2B7 experimental_model: Glucuronidation assays with human liver microsomes and UGT2B7 limitations: Kinetic and structural comparisons do not establish comparative clinical efficacy; docking hypotheses are not imported as proven steps. exposure: Curcumin compared with tetrahydrocurcumin; pH-dependent structural analysis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/38522299.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1005, "text_sha256": "84f7b5a7112090e4cc09dfd8b0bfce03908e6dd800773861d42815d71caf261c"} [curcumin-p38522299] Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38522299/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138929

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"}

experimental_model

Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment

exposure

Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin

limitations

Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Removing the transporter removed this interaction in the mouse experiment.

primary_references

[curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma pharmacokinetics

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 814–825

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-bcrp-loss Curcumin increased sulfasalazine AUC about eightfold in wild-type mice but not in Bcrp-null mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Removing the transporter removed this interaction in the mouse experiment. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma pharmacokinetics experimental_model: Human pharmacokinetics, transporter vesicles and mouse knockout experiment limitations: Small dose- and formulation-specific drug study. Transporter inference is supported by separate assays, not a universal effect on every BCRP substrate. exposure: Human: curcumin 2 g before sulfasalazine 100 micrograms or 2 g; eight participants. Mouse: 300-400 mg/kg curcumin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/22300367.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1713, "text_sha256": "a8ec64e7dff4a52838fa067fdc9418ee3ebe768c4a4d53629bd84f9f0ffe67fe"} [curcumin-p22300367] Pharmacokinetic interaction study of sulphasalazine in healthy subjects and the impact of curcumin as an in vivo inhibitor of BCRP. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300367/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01887.x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25606714.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 726, "text_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a"}

experimental_model

Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays

exposure

Micromolar curcumin; HIV-2 protease assay with and without 0.01% Triton X-100

limitations

An assay-dependent aggregate effect does not invalidate every curcumin result. Target specificity needs appropriate controls.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Purified enzyme systems

plain_language

Some apparent enzyme inhibition comes from particles forming in the test solution.

primary_references

[curcumin-p25606714] Colloidal aggregation and the in vitro activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25606714/ DOI: 10.1021/cb5009487

tissue_or_cell_type

Assay solutions

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 320–331

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-colloid-inhibition Curcumin HIV-2 protease inhibition shifted from IC50 19 micromolar to above 100 micromolar with nonionic detergent, supporting aggregate-dependent inhibition. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some apparent enzyme inhibition comes from particles forming in the test solution. organism: Purified enzyme systems tissue_or_cell_type: Assay solutions experimental_model: Dynamic light scattering and detergent-controlled biochemical assays limitations: An assay-dependent aggregate effect does not invalidate every curcumin result. Target specificity needs appropriate controls. exposure: Micromolar curcumin; HIV-2 protease assay with and without 0.01% Triton X-100 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/25606714.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 726, "text_sha256": "e614d5e84d6496f13529e00886a09a79a230a71a5f2b1c78d9fc9b1ec45ed87a"} [curcumin-p25606714] Colloidal aggregation and the in vitro activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25606714/ DOI: 10.1021/cb5009487

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}

experimental_model

Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme

exposure

Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions

limitations

Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Escherichia coli isolate

plain_language

A gut bacterial enzyme performs the first reduction step.

primary_references

[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

tissue_or_cell_type

Purified CurA

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 203–214

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-cura-first CurA catalyzed the first reduction of curcumin to dihydrocurcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A gut bacterial enzyme performs the first reduction step. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}

experimental_model

Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme

exposure

Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions

limitations

Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Escherichia coli isolate

plain_language

This bacterial reaction draws on NADPH reducing power.

primary_references

[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

tissue_or_cell_type

Purified CurA

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 229–240

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-cura-nadph The purified two-step reduction depended on NADPH. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This bacterial reaction draws on NADPH reducing power. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"}

experimental_model

Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme

exposure

Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions

limitations

Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Escherichia coli isolate

plain_language

The same enzyme can carry out the next step.

primary_references

[curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

tissue_or_cell_type

Purified CurA

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 216–227

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-cura-second CurA then reduced dihydrocurcumin to tetrahydrocurcumin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The same enzyme can carry out the next step. organism: Escherichia coli isolate tissue_or_cell_type: Purified CurA experimental_model: Purification and characterization of a human-fecal bacterial enzyme limitations: Bacterial biochemistry does not quantify a person's circulating metabolite concentrations or establish that dietary niacin increases this conversion. exposure: Curcumin and reduced intermediates; NADPH-dependent reactions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/21467222.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1325, "text_sha256": "c4ff0be81d2a3b3bd5edb9902da02b1e599d45a5e60ab4787514e340bf63d757"} [curcumin-p21467222] Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467222/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"}

experimental_model

Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients

exposure

Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day

limitations

Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The combination reduced exposure to tamoxifen's active metabolite.

primary_references

[curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma drug and metabolite AUC

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 970–981

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-endoxifen-combination Endoxifen AUC fell 12.4% with curcumin plus piperine, p=0.02. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The combination reduced exposure to tamoxifen's active metabolite. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma drug and metabolite AUC experimental_model: Within-patient pharmacokinetic comparison in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study, not a cancer recurrence trial. Piperine has independent effects; a particular CYP mechanism was not established. exposure: Tamoxifen 20-30 mg/day; curcumin 1200 mg three times/day, with or without piperine 10 mg three times/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/30909366.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1407, "text_sha256": "43a5c2635c9fef8a31967689115b6152e81cf7d4d0f1687ffae113684c89d527"} [curcumin-p30909366] Impact of Curcumin (with or without Piperine) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909366/ DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030403

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}

experimental_model

Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays

exposure

Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases

limitations

Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human assays below; rat experiments not merged

plain_language

The gut and liver can attach glucuronide to curcumin.

primary_references

[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 138–149

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-glucuronide Curcumin glucuronide was identified after incubation with human intestinal and hepatic microsomes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The gut and liver can attach glucuronide to curcumin. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}

experimental_model

Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays

exposure

Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis

limitations

Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract

plain_language

Less protective buffering changed the response to the reactive compound.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

tissue_or_cell_type

Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 476–487

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-gsh-loss Inhibiting glutathione biosynthesis increased curcumin potency while reducing measured curcumin-glutathione adducts. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less protective buffering changed the response to the reactive compound. organism: Cellular and purified-kinase systems; species not assigned from abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Oxidative metabolite, protein-adduct and glutathione measurements experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Mechanistic bioactivation evidence in experimental systems, not proof that every oral formulation inhibits human NF-kappa-B. exposure: Curcumin, oxidation-resistant analogs and inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}

experimental_model

Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays

exposure

Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases

limitations

Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human assays below; rat experiments not merged

plain_language

Further reduction produces another metabolite.

primary_references

[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 164–175

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-human-hhc Hexahydrocurcumin was also identified in the human cytosolic incubations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Further reduction produces another metabolite. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}

experimental_model

Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays

exposure

Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases

limitations

Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human assays below; rat experiments not merged

plain_language

Reduction changes curcumin into a different molecule.

primary_references

[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 151–162

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-human-thc Tetrahydrocurcumin was detected among human intestinal and hepatic cytosolic metabolites. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reduction changes curcumin into a different molecule. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

Changing one sensor residue weakened the response.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 424–435

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-keap-mutant The C151S construct reduced curcumin-induced Nrf2 transactivation. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing one sensor residue weakened the response. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"}

experimental_model

Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays

exposure

NAC 3 mM overnight before the curcumin/LPS reporter assay

limitations

Cell assay, not evidence that oral NAC cancels curcumin benefits in people; enhanced glutathione buffering was the authors proposed this explanation.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

A glutathione precursor changed the response in the opposite direction from blocking glutathione synthesis.

primary_references

[curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

tissue_or_cell_type

RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 489–500

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-nac-buffering NAC pretreatment shifted the curcumin dose-response curve toward lower inhibitory potency in RAW264.7 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A glutathione precursor changed the response in the opposite direction from blocking glutathione synthesis. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells experimental_model: Curcumin analog chemistry and stimulated cellular NF-kappa-B assays limitations: Cell assay, not evidence that oral NAC cancels curcumin benefits in people; enhanced glutathione buffering was the authors proposed this explanation. exposure: NAC 3 mM overnight before the curcumin/LPS reporter assay evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/29097552.publisher-preview.txt", "locator": "Primary public publisher preview, reference superscripts removed; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2711, "text_sha256": "fe26fe4a94e0ab5b60d128b86deb5bc8723e13a0403fcbdba7ef97224a22ef9a"} [curcumin-p29097552] The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097552/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000123

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"}

experimental_model

Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays

exposure

Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct

limitations

Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract

plain_language

This response required functioning Nrf2 machinery.

primary_references

[curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

tissue_or_cell_type

JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 411–422

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-nrf2-loss Nrf2 siRNA abrogated curcumin-induced HO-1 expression. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This response required functioning Nrf2 machinery. organism: Mus musculus; transfected construct species not resolved in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: JB6 epidermal cells and mouse skin experimental_model: Mouse epidermal-cell and skin experiments, siRNA and receptor-construct assays limitations: Cell exposures and construct-origin details are not available in the indexed abstract. Results do not establish human systemic target engagement. exposure: Curcumin versus tetrahydrocurcumin; Nrf2 siRNA and Keap1 C151S construct evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/31972171.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "0a05e877dfe677824dea390c30634719eba641ed122c2480147ce2e73bf05936"} [curcumin-p31972171] Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972171/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113820

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/9619120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1316, "text_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b"}

experimental_model

Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments

exposure

2 g curcumin with or without 20 mg piperine

limitations

Small older formulation-specific experiment. The reported 2000% increase is not a universal multiplier, therapeutic benefit or proof of long-term safety.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Homo sapiens for the recorded claim

plain_language

Piperine changed exposure in this particular experiment.

primary_references

[curcumin-p9619120] Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/ DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957450

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 268–279

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-piperine-exposure Adding piperine increased measured curcumin exposure in this human comparison; the study reported a 2000% bioavailability increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Piperine changed exposure in this particular experiment. organism: Homo sapiens for the recorded claim tissue_or_cell_type: Serum experimental_model: Human single-dose pharmacokinetic comparison; separate rat experiments limitations: Small older formulation-specific experiment. The reported 2000% increase is not a universal multiplier, therapeutic benefit or proof of long-term safety. exposure: 2 g curcumin with or without 20 mg piperine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/9619120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1316, "text_sha256": "e0eb4e2d68139e3b863853c46e30e52ad3bd67eaed1e6c4bbdefb278af10ee0b"} [curcumin-p9619120] Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/ DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957450

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}

experimental_model

Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays

exposure

Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases

limitations

Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human assays below; rat experiments not merged

plain_language

This enzyme adds a sulfate group to curcumin.

primary_references

[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 112–123

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-sult1a1 Human SULT1A1 catalyzed curcumin sulfation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This enzyme adds a sulfate group to curcumin. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"}

experimental_model

Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays

exposure

Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases

limitations

Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified.

nutrient_topic

Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Curcumin

organism

Human assays below; rat experiments not merged

plain_language

A second sulfotransferase can process the same compound.

primary_references

[curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol

Curcumin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 125–136

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### curcumin-sult1a3 Human SULT1A3 also catalyzed curcumin sulfation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Curcumin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second sulfotransferase can process the same compound. organism: Human assays below; rat experiments not merged tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal and hepatic microsomes and cytosol experimental_model: Human and rat tissue fractions and enzyme assays limitations: Ex-vivo metabolism does not measure whole-person bioavailability. Isoforms are specified only where experimentally identified. exposure: Curcumin incubated with tissue fractions or purified sulfotransferases evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/curcumin-research/11815407.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2113, "text_sha256": "028fbc6d7e7e728f7e52970df07c8e9b04053abe4799669798d593369d2c23b8"} [curcumin-p11815407] Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11815407/