Mangiferin

evidence_span

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experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

200 or 1000 micromolar mangiferin, 15 minutes; Figure 6

limitations

The authors proposed inhibition of kinase activity; this observation alone does not identify a direct molecular target.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

The rapid response differed from the later change in protein abundance.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 366–377

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-acute-pdh After 15 minutes, PDH phosphorylation decreased without a detected change in PDK4 abundance. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The rapid response differed from the later change in protein abundance. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: The authors proposed inhibition of kinase activity; this observation alone does not identify a direct molecular target. exposure: 200 or 1000 micromolar mangiferin, 15 minutes; Figure 6 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8cbbc4a9b075ae11f5b88a9929a65c77e6b39870068e320a281bd1802384fec8", "start_char": 30977, "end_char": 31862, "text_sha256": "8e9b4448f5213862fa4c8b78f1d49c9f6b4e6faffb97d818dabbd4117d386dba"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"}

experimental_model

Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison

exposure

Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin

limitations

Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

The observed response was not accompanied by this insulin-signaling readout.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

tissue_or_cell_type

L6 myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 405–416

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-akt-null Mangiferin did not increase Akt phosphorylation in the reported assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The observed response was not accompanied by this insulin-signaling readout. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: L6 myotubes experimental_model: Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison limitations: Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering. exposure: Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"} [mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"}

experimental_model

Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment

exposure

Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model

limitations

Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Water-handling machinery changed in this model.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney and metabolic-cage urine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1017–1028

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-aqp2 Mangiferin reduced renal AQP2 protein expression in nephropathy mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Water-handling machinery changed in this model. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney and metabolic-cage urine experimental_model: Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment limitations: Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity. exposure: Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"} [mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge

exposure

40 mg/kg mangiferin pretreatment; isolated mitochondria exposed to calcium

limitations

Mitochondrial challenge does not establish harm from usual oral intake; proposed quinone-thiol adduct mechanism was not fully proven.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

The calcium challenge changed the redox consequences.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p15979560] Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15979560/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.015

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 718–729

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-calcium-gsh Calcium-challenged mitochondria from treated rats showed glutathione depletion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The calcium challenge changed the redox consequences. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver mitochondria experimental_model: Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge limitations: Mitochondrial challenge does not establish harm from usual oral intake; proposed quinone-thiol adduct mechanism was not fully proven. exposure: 40 mg/kg mangiferin pretreatment; isolated mitochondria exposed to calcium evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15979560.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3de89f65f9561fd94c5f07121e8150f116c59277658d7e611a399dc2d963ec1f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2234, "text_sha256": "3de89f65f9561fd94c5f07121e8150f116c59277658d7e611a399dc2d963ec1f"} [mangiferin-p15979560] Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15979560/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.015

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge

exposure

40 mg/kg mangiferin pretreatment; isolated mitochondria exposed to calcium

limitations

Mitochondrial challenge does not establish harm from usual oral intake; proposed quinone-thiol adduct mechanism was not fully proven.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

Lower oxidative readouts do not necessarily mean preserved membrane function.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p15979560] Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15979560/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.015

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 705–716

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-calcium-mpt Mangiferin exposure increased susceptibility to calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Lower oxidative readouts do not necessarily mean preserved membrane function. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver mitochondria experimental_model: Rat pretreatment and isolated mitochondrial calcium challenge limitations: Mitochondrial challenge does not establish harm from usual oral intake; proposed quinone-thiol adduct mechanism was not fully proven. exposure: 40 mg/kg mangiferin pretreatment; isolated mitochondria exposed to calcium evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15979560.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3de89f65f9561fd94c5f07121e8150f116c59277658d7e611a399dc2d963ec1f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2234, "text_sha256": "3de89f65f9561fd94c5f07121e8150f116c59277658d7e611a399dc2d963ec1f"} [mangiferin-p15979560] Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15979560/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.015

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 770–781

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-cyp1a2-activity Mangiferin reduced measured CYP1A2 activity in the hepatocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 783–794

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-cyp2a6-activity Mangiferin reduced measured CYP2A6 activity in the hepatocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 796–807

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-cyp2c9-activity Mangiferin reduced measured CYP2C9 activity in the hepatocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 809–820

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-cyp2d6-activity Mangiferin reduced measured CYP2D6 activity in the hepatocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 822–833

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-cyp3a4-activity Mangiferin reduced measured CYP3A4 activity in the hepatocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-metabolizing enzyme was inhibited under the tested exposure. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/29563875.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d37dba0eedeba51145eddeb7ff144e8f103ec503718283268fe0ae887d6c4125", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1806, "text_sha256": "d37dba0eedeba51145eddeb7ff144e8f103ec503718283268fe0ae887d6c4125"}

experimental_model

KK-Ay mouse liver experiments and mechanistic HepG2 studies

exposure

Norathyriol in sodium-oleate lipid-loading model; micromolar range

limitations

Phosphorylation and expression are scoped to experiments; no established human fatty-liver therapy or direct SIRT1 ligand claim.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

object_scope

Human cellular AMPK context; purified assay subunit identity requires full reagent review

organism

Biochemical AMPK assay, exact subunit preparation not assigned here

plain_language

Activation in a cell can occur through upstream machinery.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p29563875] Mangiferin Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Mainly Through Its Metabolite-Norathyriol by Modulating SIRT-1/AMPK/SREBP-1c Signaling. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563875/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00201

tissue_or_cell_type

HepG2 cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 431–443

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · KK-Ay mouse liver experiments and mechanistic HepG2 studies · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-direct-ampk-null Mangiferin and tested metabolites were not direct AMPK activators in the HTRF assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Activation in a cell can occur through upstream machinery. organism: Biochemical AMPK assay, exact subunit preparation not assigned here tissue_or_cell_type: HepG2 cells experimental_model: KK-Ay mouse liver experiments and mechanistic HepG2 studies limitations: Phosphorylation and expression are scoped to experiments; no established human fatty-liver therapy or direct SIRT1 ligand claim. exposure: Norathyriol in sodium-oleate lipid-loading model; micromolar range object_scope: Human cellular AMPK context; purified assay subunit identity requires full reagent review evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/29563875.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d37dba0eedeba51145eddeb7ff144e8f103ec503718283268fe0ae887d6c4125", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1806, "text_sha256": "d37dba0eedeba51145eddeb7ff144e8f103ec503718283268fe0ae887d6c4125"} [mangiferin-p29563875] Mangiferin Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Mainly Through Its Metabolite-Norathyriol by Modulating SIRT-1/AMPK/SREBP-1c Signaling. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29563875/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00201

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"}

experimental_model

Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells

exposure

Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

DNA-damage measurements were lower in these isolated cells.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

tissue_or_cell_type

Cord-blood mononuclear cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 588–599

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-dna-damage Mangiferin reduced etoposide-associated comet and micronucleus damage readouts. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: DNA-damage measurements were lower in these isolated cells. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cord-blood mononuclear cells experimental_model: Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells limitations: Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection. exposure: Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"} [mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24374812.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "85ad69fcef2b1dd7b3842c076b89b76c9d54b73cc5843cefb3077642b6cb3451", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1789, "text_sha256": "85ad69fcef2b1dd7b3842c076b89b76c9d54b73cc5843cefb3077642b6cb3451"}

experimental_model

Cell-line and primary mononuclear-cell comparison

exposure

Mangiferin 50 micromolar in principal assays; etoposide co-exposure

limitations

No clinical chemotherapy outcome. The abstract has an inconsistent mol/L unit in a later sentence; the 50 micromolar experimental concentration is explicit earlier.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Protection varied with cell type.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24374812] Mangiferin activates Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24374812/ DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.165

tissue_or_cell_type

HL-60 leukemia cells and cord-blood mononuclear cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1303–1314

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-line and primary mononuclear-cell comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-etoposide-cell-context Mangiferin did not attenuate etoposide cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, despite protecting cord-blood mononuclear cells in the comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Protection varied with cell type. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HL-60 leukemia cells and cord-blood mononuclear cells experimental_model: Cell-line and primary mononuclear-cell comparison limitations: No clinical chemotherapy outcome. The abstract has an inconsistent mol/L unit in a later sentence; the 50 micromolar experimental concentration is explicit earlier. exposure: Mangiferin 50 micromolar in principal assays; etoposide co-exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24374812.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "85ad69fcef2b1dd7b3842c076b89b76c9d54b73cc5843cefb3077642b6cb3451", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1789, "text_sha256": "85ad69fcef2b1dd7b3842c076b89b76c9d54b73cc5843cefb3077642b6cb3451"} [mangiferin-p24374812] Mangiferin activates Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24374812/ DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.165

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures

limitations

Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

The fuel shift was not an increase in every oxidation pathway.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 327–338

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-fat-oxidation-null Mangiferin did not increase fatty acid oxidation in these muscle-cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The fuel shift was not an increase in every oxidation pathway. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency. exposure: Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/17068204.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1d0b364cee6629228fe7bc41446a0e2ddfe62b9274d77d4781ca7439aedfbb64", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1172, "text_sha256": "1d0b364cee6629228fe7bc41446a0e2ddfe62b9274d77d4781ca7439aedfbb64"}

experimental_model

Iron-coordination spectroscopy and mitochondrial challenge

exposure

Assay-defined ferric iron-mangiferin complex

limitations

Defined chemical form and calcium context explain the different response; no clinical iron/mangiferin co-dosing recommendation.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry

plain_language

The metal-bound form is represented separately.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p17068204] Fe(III) shifts the mitochondria permeability transition-eliciting capacity of mangiferin to protection of organelle. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17068204/ DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.112003

tissue_or_cell_type

Isolated mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 731–742

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Iron-coordination spectroscopy and mitochondrial challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-ferric-complex Electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses supported coordination of ferric iron with mangiferin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The metal-bound form is represented separately. organism: Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Isolated mitochondria experimental_model: Iron-coordination spectroscopy and mitochondrial challenge limitations: Defined chemical form and calcium context explain the different response; no clinical iron/mangiferin co-dosing recommendation. exposure: Assay-defined ferric iron-mangiferin complex evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/17068204.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1d0b364cee6629228fe7bc41446a0e2ddfe62b9274d77d4781ca7439aedfbb64", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1172, "text_sha256": "1d0b364cee6629228fe7bc41446a0e2ddfe62b9274d77d4781ca7439aedfbb64"} [mangiferin-p17068204] Fe(III) shifts the mitochondria permeability transition-eliciting capacity of mangiferin to protection of organelle. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17068204/ DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.112003

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures

limitations

Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

More glucose-derived fuel entered oxidative metabolism.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 288–299

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-glucose-oxidation Mangiferin increased glucose oxidation in the studied mouse-muscle systems. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More glucose-derived fuel entered oxidative metabolism. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency. exposure: Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26434292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1251, "text_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d"}

experimental_model

Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study

exposure

Single oral 0.1, 0.3 or 0.9 g mangiferin

limitations

Small pharmacokinetic study; no intravenous comparator or demonstration of cellular target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

21 healthy Chinese men

plain_language

Oral intake produced measurable but low circulating parent compound.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26434292] Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.079

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 236–247

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-human-pk After 0.9 g orally, plasma mangiferin peaked at 38.64 +/- 6.75 ng/mL at about one hour; apparent half-life was 7.85 +/- 1.72 hours. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Oral intake produced measurable but low circulating parent compound. organism: 21 healthy Chinese men tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study; no intravenous comparator or demonstration of cellular target engagement. exposure: Single oral 0.1, 0.3 or 0.9 g mangiferin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26434292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1251, "text_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d"} [mangiferin-p26434292] Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.079

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"}

experimental_model

Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison

exposure

Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin

limitations

Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

The parent compound and metabolite differed under insulin resistance.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

tissue_or_cell_type

L6 myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 418–429

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-insulin-context In insulin-resistant L6 cells, mangiferin increased glucose consumption only with insulin co-treatment; norathyriol worked with or without insulin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The parent compound and metabolite differed under insulin resistance. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: L6 myotubes experimental_model: Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison limitations: Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering. exposure: Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"} [mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"}

experimental_model

Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments

exposure

Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments

limitations

Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption

plain_language

A shared drug and metabolite transporter changed in this tissue.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1108–1119

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-intestinal-abcg2 Intestinal ABCG2 protein increased in mangiferin-treated hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A shared drug and metabolite transporter changed in this tissue. organism: Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine experimental_model: Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments limitations: Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects. exposure: Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"} [mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"}

experimental_model

Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments

exposure

Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments

limitations

Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption

plain_language

Less of the administered urate crossed back from the gut.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1095–1106

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-intestinal-absorption Mangiferin inhibited absorption of perfused urate from rat intestinal loops. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the administered urate crossed back from the gut. organism: Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine experimental_model: Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments limitations: Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects. exposure: Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"} [mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"}

experimental_model

Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments

exposure

Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments

limitations

Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption

plain_language

Another intestinal urate route changed in the opposite direction.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1121–1132

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-intestinal-glut9 Intestinal GLUT9 protein decreased in the hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another intestinal urate route changed in the opposite direction. organism: Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine experimental_model: Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments limitations: Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects. exposure: Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"} [mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"}

experimental_model

Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments

exposure

Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments

limitations

Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption

plain_language

The intestine is another measured route of urate elimination.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1082–1093

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-intestinal-secretion Mangiferin promoted endogenous urate secretion into mouse intestinal loops. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The intestine is another measured route of urate elimination. organism: Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine experimental_model: Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments limitations: Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects. exposure: Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"} [mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"}

experimental_model

Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments

exposure

Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments

limitations

Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption

plain_language

Reduced blood urate need not reflect lower intestinal urate synthesis.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1134–1145

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-intestinal-xor-null Intestinal xanthine oxidoreductase activity did not change significantly. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reduced blood urate need not reflect lower intestinal urate synthesis. organism: Mice for secretion/proteins; rats for absorption tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine experimental_model: Rodent intestinal-loop secretion/absorption experiments limitations: Expression association does not establish direct binding; intestinal effects need not mirror kidney effects. exposure: Mangiferin in normal and hyperuricemic loop experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32827538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1796, "text_sha256": "96aea91b79bcbc9d1f63f83c0bda025138e3b97f3f7657b56149c9cc3e0e5958"} [mangiferin-p32827538] Mangiferin promotes intestinal elimination of uric acid by modulating intestinal transporters. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827538/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173490

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"}

experimental_model

Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays

exposure

10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment

limitations

In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry

plain_language

Binding iron altered its ability to drive membrane oxidation.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 666–677

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-iron-lipid Mangiferin inhibited ferrous-citrate-triggered mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Binding iron altered its ability to drive membrane oxidation. organism: Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Liver mitochondria experimental_model: Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays limitations: In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload. exposure: 10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"} [mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"}

experimental_model

Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays

exposure

10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment

limitations

In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry

plain_language

The iron oxidation state shifted.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 679–690

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-iron-oxidation Mangiferin accelerated ferrous iron autoxidation in the tested system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The iron oxidation state shifted. organism: Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Liver mitochondria experimental_model: Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays limitations: In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload. exposure: 10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"} [mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"}

experimental_model

Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays

exposure

10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment

limitations

In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry

plain_language

Iron binding changed a reaction involving vitamin C.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver mitochondria

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 692–703

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-iron-vitamin-c Mangiferin prevented ascorbate-driven ferric iron reduction in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iron binding changed a reaction involving vitamin C. organism: Rattus norvegicus and cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Liver mitochondria experimental_model: Isolated mitochondrial and iron-redox assays limitations: In vitro iron complexing is not evidence that oral mangiferin depletes body iron or treats iron overload. exposure: 10 micromolar mangiferin and 50 micromolar ferrous citrate in one protection experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/15878708.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1966, "text_sha256": "e29d024822df85f1aa0b737bb4123c869646d737c15bf05f1dc72b047a45eef3"} [mangiferin-p15878708] Iron complexing activity of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+-citrate. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878708/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.007

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures

limitations

Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Pyruvate handling shifted away from lactate production.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 314–325

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-lactate Mangiferin reduced anaerobic pyruvate-to-lactate metabolism in the cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Pyruvate handling shifted away from lactate production. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency. exposure: Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"}

experimental_model

Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison

exposure

Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin

limitations

Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus

plain_language

The energy-sensing pathway responded in this cell model.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

tissue_or_cell_type

L6 myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 379–390

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mangiferin-ampk Mangiferin increased AMPK phosphorylation in L6 myotubes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The energy-sensing pathway responded in this cell model. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: L6 myotubes experimental_model: Normal and insulin-resistant L6 myotube comparison limitations: Cell glucose consumption and phosphorylation assays; AMPK association alone does not prove direct binding or human glucose lowering. exposure: Micromolar mangiferin or norathyriol, with or without 0.05 nM insulin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24033319.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1791, "text_sha256": "9e8f13eba529ca6e56c33c3cee21d8fef473025e4bea72d81b375c96031ee84a"} [mangiferin-p24033319] Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033319/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.814691

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/40401774.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "56539abd79e79a7968a5ec040d9fff33a864b228236cfecba1c7e0ccd3eae380", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1390, "text_sha256": "56539abd79e79a7968a5ec040d9fff33a864b228236cfecba1c7e0ccd3eae380"}

experimental_model

Ex vivo human fecal fermentation and metagenomic profiling

exposure

Mangiferin or norathyriol 500 micromolar in culture; not participant supplementation

limitations

Community findings do not establish health benefit or harm in people; candidate converter taxa were associations, not isolated causal proof.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Human-derived microbial communities

plain_language

Different microbial communities process the same compound differently.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p40401774] Gut microbiota-mediated conversion of mangiferin to norathyriol alters short chain fatty acid and urate metabolism. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40401774/ DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2508422

tissue_or_cell_type

Fecal cultures

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 145–156

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ex vivo human fecal fermentation and metagenomic profiling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-microbial-conversion Fecal cultures converted mangiferin to norathyriol with donor-dependent variation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different microbial communities process the same compound differently. organism: Human-derived microbial communities tissue_or_cell_type: Fecal cultures experimental_model: Ex vivo human fecal fermentation and metagenomic profiling limitations: Community findings do not establish health benefit or harm in people; candidate converter taxa were associations, not isolated causal proof. exposure: Mangiferin or norathyriol 500 micromolar in culture; not participant supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/40401774.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "56539abd79e79a7968a5ec040d9fff33a864b228236cfecba1c7e0ccd3eae380", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1390, "text_sha256": "56539abd79e79a7968a5ec040d9fff33a864b228236cfecba1c7e0ccd3eae380"} [mangiferin-p40401774] Gut microbiota-mediated conversion of mangiferin to norathyriol alters short chain fatty acid and urate metabolism. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40401774/ DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2508422

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"}

experimental_model

Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model

exposure

Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally

limitations

Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Urate-reabsorption machinery changed.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 965–976

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc22a12 Mangiferin reduced renal Mouse urate transporter 1 / Slc22a12 expression in the hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Urate-reabsorption machinery changed. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model limitations: Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion. exposure: Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"} [mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"}

experimental_model

Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment

exposure

Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model

limitations

Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney and metabolic-cage urine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc22a12-null No change in renal Mouse urate transporter 1 / Slc22a12 expression was detected in the nephropathy model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney and metabolic-cage urine experimental_model: Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment limitations: Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity. exposure: Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"} [mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"}

experimental_model

Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model

exposure

Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally

limitations

Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

A transporter linked to carnitine also responded.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1004–1015

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc22a5 Mangiferin increased renal Mouse carnitine transporter Octn2 / Slc22a5 expression in the hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A transporter linked to carnitine also responded. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model limitations: Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion. exposure: Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"} [mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"}

experimental_model

Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model

exposure

Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally

limitations

Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

An organic-anion transport route increased.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 991–1002

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc22a6 Mangiferin increased renal Mouse organic anion transporter 1 / Slc22a6 expression in the hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An organic-anion transport route increased. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model limitations: Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion. exposure: Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"} [mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"}

experimental_model

Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment

exposure

Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model

limitations

Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney and metabolic-cage urine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1069–1080

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc22a6-null No change in renal Mouse organic anion transporter 1 / Slc22a6 expression was detected in the nephropathy model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney and metabolic-cage urine experimental_model: Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment limitations: Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity. exposure: Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"} [mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"}

experimental_model

Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model

exposure

Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally

limitations

Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Another urate transporter responded.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 978–989

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc2a9 Mangiferin reduced renal Mouse glucose transporter 9 / Slc2a9 expression in the hyperuricemic mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another urate transporter responded. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Seven-day potassium-oxonate hyperuricemia model limitations: Animal expression findings; no human carnitine-retention or gout-treatment conclusion. exposure: Mangiferin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg orally evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/21348301.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1981, "text_sha256": "7c27a677db4a27cc088cfd83ce3506ffdfd866ef91250732b1dd2287d4cf4b58"} [mangiferin-p21348301] [Mangiferin promotes uric acid excretion and kidney function improvement and modulates related renal transporters in hyperuricemic mice]. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21348301/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"}

experimental_model

Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment

exposure

Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model

limitations

Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney and metabolic-cage urine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1056–1067

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-mouse-slc2a9-null No change in renal Mouse glucose transporter 9 / Slc2a9 expression was detected in the nephropathy model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This transport-protein response differed from the earlier hyperuricemia model. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney and metabolic-cage urine experimental_model: Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment limitations: Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity. exposure: Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"} [mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27035859.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1327, "text_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e"}

experimental_model

Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines

exposure

Mangiferin plus conventional anticancer agents; individual regimen not assigned from abstract

limitations

Cell viability and apoptosis findings do not establish clinical combination safety, benefit or formal pharmacologic synergy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Apoptosis machinery accompanied the viability response.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p27035859] Mangiferin enhances the sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells to anticancer drugs through suppression of the nuclear factor κB pathway. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27035859/ DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3470

tissue_or_cell_type

Multiple-myeloma cell lines

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1368–1379

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-myeloma-caspase The combination treatments increased caspase-3 activation in the myeloma-cell experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Apoptosis machinery accompanied the viability response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Multiple-myeloma cell lines experimental_model: Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines limitations: Cell viability and apoptosis findings do not establish clinical combination safety, benefit or formal pharmacologic synergy. exposure: Mangiferin plus conventional anticancer agents; individual regimen not assigned from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27035859.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1327, "text_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e"} [mangiferin-p27035859] Mangiferin enhances the sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells to anticancer drugs through suppression of the nuclear factor κB pathway. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27035859/ DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3470

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27035859.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1327, "text_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e"}

experimental_model

Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines

exposure

Mangiferin plus conventional anticancer agents; individual regimen not assigned from abstract

limitations

Cell viability and apoptosis findings do not establish clinical combination safety, benefit or formal pharmacologic synergy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A combination effect was observed in cell culture.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p27035859] Mangiferin enhances the sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells to anticancer drugs through suppression of the nuclear factor κB pathway. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27035859/ DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3470

tissue_or_cell_type

Multiple-myeloma cell lines

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1355–1366

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-myeloma-combination Combinations of mangiferin with tested anticancer drugs reduced myeloma-cell viability more than the agents separately. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A combination effect was observed in cell culture. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Multiple-myeloma cell lines experimental_model: Anticancer drug-combination experiments in myeloma cell lines limitations: Cell viability and apoptosis findings do not establish clinical combination safety, benefit or formal pharmacologic synergy. exposure: Mangiferin plus conventional anticancer agents; individual regimen not assigned from abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27035859.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1327, "text_sha256": "018c08f93a5101b1a7fbafdbc99357f6d4baa9eed19711ff63e6c7cd3d3ec13e"} [mangiferin-p27035859] Mangiferin enhances the sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells to anticancer drugs through suppression of the nuclear factor κB pathway. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27035859/ DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3470

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"}

experimental_model

IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation

exposure

Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662

limitations

Cell experiment, not a clinical arthritis trial; inhibitor reversal supports involvement but not direct receptor agonism.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

An inflammatory signaling readout was reduced.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured chondrocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1329–1340

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nfkb Mangiferin inhibited IL-1beta-associated NF-kappa-B activation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An inflammatory signaling readout was reduced. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured chondrocytes experimental_model: IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation limitations: Cell experiment, not a clinical arthritis trial; inhibitor reversal supports involvement but not direct receptor agonism. exposure: Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"} [mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26434292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1251, "text_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d"}

experimental_model

Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study

exposure

Single oral 0.1, 0.3 or 0.9 g mangiferin

limitations

Small pharmacokinetic study; no intravenous comparator or demonstration of cellular target engagement.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

21 healthy Chinese men

plain_language

Increasing the dose does not imply a proportional exposure increase.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26434292] Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.079

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 249–260

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nonlinear-pk Human mangiferin pharmacokinetics were nonlinear across the tested doses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Increasing the dose does not imply a proportional exposure increase. organism: 21 healthy Chinese men tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Single-dose human pharmacokinetic study limitations: Small pharmacokinetic study; no intravenous comparator or demonstration of cellular target engagement. exposure: Single oral 0.1, 0.3 or 0.9 g mangiferin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26434292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1251, "text_sha256": "aa87147889d9de521835562b716d5afe1c1458cd33ff3b7ff7ac67494fcfcd7d"} [mangiferin-p26434292] Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.079

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"}

experimental_model

Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells

exposure

Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A quinone-processing defense enzyme responded.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

tissue_or_cell_type

Cord-blood mononuclear cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 575–586

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nqo1 Mangiferin increased NQO1 expression in cord-blood mononuclear cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A quinone-processing defense enzyme responded. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cord-blood mononuclear cells experimental_model: Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells limitations: Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection. exposure: Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"} [mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"}

experimental_model

Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation

exposure

Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment

limitations

Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The protein persisted longer before degradation.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

tissue_or_cell_type

HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 523–534

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nrf2-half-life Nrf2 half-life increased from 20 to 58 minutes in the HL-60 chase experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The protein persisted longer before degradation. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells experimental_model: Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation limitations: Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference. exposure: Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"} [mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"}

experimental_model

Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells

exposure

Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

More of the regulator reached the nuclear compartment.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

tissue_or_cell_type

Cord-blood mononuclear cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 562–573

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nrf2-nuclear Mangiferin increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More of the regulator reached the nuclear compartment. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cord-blood mononuclear cells experimental_model: Isolated human cord-blood mononuclear cells limitations: Ex vivo DNA-damage and signaling assays; not evidence of clinical chemotherapy protection. exposure: Mangiferin and etoposide; concentration not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25380307.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1636, "text_sha256": "057a534a2074c49c824120d8e49fba7f4bde4d9d9b8bf15ef78f994083fdc8ea"} [mangiferin-p25380307] Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380307/ DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.927890

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"}

experimental_model

Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation

exposure

Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment

limitations

Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The protein increase did not require more measured transcript.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

tissue_or_cell_type

HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 549–560

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nrf2-transcript-null Mangiferin did not change the Nrf2 mRNA level in this study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The protein increase did not require more measured transcript. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells experimental_model: Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation limitations: Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference. exposure: Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"} [mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"}

experimental_model

Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation

exposure

Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment

limitations

Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Less degradation-associated tagging was detected.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

tissue_or_cell_type

HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 536–547

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-nrf2-ubiquitination Immunoprecipitation showed reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination after mangiferin treatment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less degradation-associated tagging was detected. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells experimental_model: Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation limitations: Cancer cell line; no direct KEAP1-binding assignment or human systemic target-engagement inference. exposure: Mangiferin 50 micromolar for four hours in half-life experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24626801.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1659, "text_sha256": "01992b219c903dddc6e69f5fef95f73cec06cdaac0fd2c5bc2ff7b53b52192cd"} [mangiferin-p24626801] Mangiferin increases Nrf2 protein stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation in human HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24626801/ DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures

limitations

Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

An enzyme complex linking glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolism became more active.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 340–351

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pdh-activity PDH activity increased in assays using mitochondrial protein from mangiferin-treated C2C12 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme complex linking glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolism became more active. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency. exposure: Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8cbbc4a9b075ae11f5b88a9929a65c77e6b39870068e320a281bd1802384fec8", "start_char": 30977, "end_char": 31862, "text_sha256": "8e9b4448f5213862fa4c8b78f1d49c9f6b4e6faffb97d818dabbd4117d386dba"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

200 or 1000 micromolar mangiferin, 24 hours; Figure 6

limitations

Cell exposure well above the parent plasma concentrations reported in the selected human PK study; reduced expression is not direct kinase-binding evidence.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

Longer exposure reduced a kinase that restrains PDH.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 353–364

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pdk4 After 24 hours, mangiferin reduced PDK4 protein abundance in C2C12 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Longer exposure reduced a kinase that restrains PDH. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Cell exposure well above the parent plasma concentrations reported in the selected human PK study; reduced expression is not direct kinase-binding evidence. exposure: 200 or 1000 micromolar mangiferin, 24 hours; Figure 6 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8cbbc4a9b075ae11f5b88a9929a65c77e6b39870068e320a281bd1802384fec8", "start_char": 30977, "end_char": 31862, "text_sha256": "8e9b4448f5213862fa4c8b78f1d49c9f6b4e6faffb97d818dabbd4117d386dba"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"}

experimental_model

Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents

exposure

Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model

limitations

Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings

plain_language

The response did not include every related transport component.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 952–963

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pdzk1-null Renal PDZK1 expression was not altered in the same rat experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The response did not include every related transport component. organism: Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents limitations: Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy. exposure: Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"} [mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"}

experimental_model

IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation

exposure

Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662

limitations

Cell experiment, not a clinical arthritis trial; inhibitor reversal supports involvement but not direct receptor agonism.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A transcriptional regulator participated in the response.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured chondrocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1316–1327

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pparg Mangiferin increased PPAR-gamma expression in the chondrocyte experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A transcriptional regulator participated in the response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured chondrocytes experimental_model: IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation limitations: Cell experiment, not a clinical arthritis trial; inhibitor reversal supports involvement but not direct receptor agonism. exposure: Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"} [mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"}

experimental_model

High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments

exposure

Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures

limitations

Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

The downstream product of glycolysis was used more oxidatively.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

tissue_or_cell_type

Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 301–312

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pyruvate-oxidation Mangiferin increased pyruvate oxidation in C2C12 myotubes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The downstream product of glycolysis was used more oxidatively. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and cultured myotubes experimental_model: High-fat-fed mice and differentiated C2C12 myotube experiments limitations: Preclinical experiments; no proof of direct binding or correction of human vitamin deficiency. exposure: Dietary mangiferin in mice; pharmacological cell exposures evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/24848064.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1761, "text_sha256": "5f12809489e236c3dd9888aae3746eb22ff9cbea4271c9f60764bed3b5f9d251"} [mangiferin-p24848064] Mangiferin stimulates carbohydrate oxidation and protects against metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24848064/ DOI: 10.2337/db14-0006

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"}

experimental_model

Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents

exposure

Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model

limitations

Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings

plain_language

Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 913–924

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rat-slc22a12 Mangiferin reduced renal Rat urate transporter 1 / Slc22a12 mRNA and protein in hyperuricemic rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured. organism: Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents limitations: Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy. exposure: Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"} [mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"}

experimental_model

Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents

exposure

Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model

limitations

Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings

plain_language

Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 926–937

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rat-slc22a13 Mangiferin reduced renal Rat organic anion transporter 10 / Slc22a13 mRNA and protein in hyperuricemic rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured. organism: Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents limitations: Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy. exposure: Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"} [mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"}

experimental_model

Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents

exposure

Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model

limitations

Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings

plain_language

Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 939–950

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rat-slc2a9 Mangiferin reduced renal Rat glucose transporter 9 / Slc2a9 mRNA and protein in hyperuricemic rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of a urate-reabsorption transporter was measured. organism: Rattus norvegicus for transporter findings tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney experimental_model: Experimental hyperuricemia in rodents limitations: Abundance changes do not prove direct transporter blockade or clinical gout efficacy. exposure: Mangiferin 1.5-24 mg/kg; potassium-oxonate rat model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/26228630.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1633, "text_sha256": "d7d497620fe96b2161af66b3d58b0a4ef8208f10f6d669fc680b85aa38b8d85c"} [mangiferin-p26228630] Mangiferin Inhibits Renal Urate Reabsorption by Modulating Urate Transporters in Experimental Hyperuricemia. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228630/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00402

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"}

experimental_model

Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition

exposure

Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure

limitations

Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Peroxide-processing enzyme activity was preserved; the isoform remains unspecified.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

tissue_or_cell_type

ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 627–638

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rpe-gpx Mangiferin opposed H2O2-associated loss of glutathione peroxidase expression and activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Peroxide-processing enzyme activity was preserved; the isoform remains unspecified. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells experimental_model: Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition limitations: Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency. exposure: Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"} [mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"}

experimental_model

Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition

exposure

Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure

limitations

Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A cellular redox buffer was better maintained.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

tissue_or_cell_type

ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 601–612

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rpe-gsh Mangiferin preserved the glutathione pool during H2O2 exposure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A cellular redox buffer was better maintained. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells experimental_model: Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition limitations: Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency. exposure: Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"} [mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"}

experimental_model

Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition

exposure

Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure

limitations

Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The heme-processing stress-response pathway was activated.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

tissue_or_cell_type

ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 640–651

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rpe-ho1 Mangiferin increased HO-1 expression and activity in ARPE-19 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The heme-processing stress-response pathway was activated. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells experimental_model: Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition limitations: Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency. exposure: Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"} [mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"}

experimental_model

Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition

exposure

Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure

limitations

Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

An enzyme that depends on manganese was part of the measured response.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

tissue_or_cell_type

ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 614–625

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-rpe-sod2 Mangiferin opposed H2O2-associated loss of manganese superoxide dismutase expression and activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme that depends on manganese was part of the measured response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells experimental_model: Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition limitations: Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency. exposure: Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"} [mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

A second ketone measure increased.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1225–1236

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-acetoacetate Serum acetoacetate increased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second ketone measure increased. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

A circulating ketone measure increased.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1212–1223

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-bhb Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate increased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A circulating ketone measure increased. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

A metabolite used in fatty-acid handling was higher in blood.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1199–1210

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-carnitine Serum L-carnitine increased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A metabolite used in fatty-acid handling was higher in blood. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

Another circulating lipid measure changed.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1160–1171

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-ffa Serum free fatty acids decreased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another circulating lipid measure changed. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

The trial did not demonstrate improvement in every glucose endpoint.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1251–1262

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-glucose-null Serum glucose did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trial did not demonstrate improvement in every glucose endpoint. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

The measured lipoprotein profile changed.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1186–1197

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-hdl HDL cholesterol increased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The measured lipoprotein profile changed. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

An estimated insulin-resistance index improved.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1173–1184

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-homa HOMA-IR decreased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An estimated insulin-resistance index improved. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

A changed index does not mean each component changed significantly.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1264–1275

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-insulin-null Serum insulin did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A changed index does not mean each component changed significantly. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

The result does not support an across-the-board cholesterol claim.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1277–1288

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-ldl-null LDL cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The result does not support an across-the-board cholesterol claim. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

Measured lipid-processing enzyme activity increased.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1238–1249

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-lpl Lipoprotein lipase activity increased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Measured lipid-processing enzyme activity increased. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

A blood lipid endpoint improved in this trial.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1147–1158

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-tg Serum triglycerides were lower with mangiferin than placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A blood lipid endpoint improved in this trial. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks

limitations

One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers

plain_language

This cholesterol endpoint was also unchanged.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum metabolic measurements

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1290–1301

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-trial-total-chol-null Total cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This cholesterol endpoint was also unchanged. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 835–846

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-ugt1a1-activity At 250 micrograms/mL, mangiferin reduced UGT1A1 activity by about 55 percent. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 861–872

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-ugt1a9-activity At 250 micrograms/mL, mangiferin reduced UGT1A9 activity by about 35 percent. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"}

experimental_model

Primary human hepatocyte exposure

exposure

Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours

limitations

High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured hepatocytes

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 848–859

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human hepatocyte exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-ugt2b7-activity At 250 micrograms/mL, mangiferin reduced UGT2B7 activity by about 55 percent. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A conjugation pathway also responded in vitro. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured hepatocytes experimental_model: Primary human hepatocyte exposure limitations: High in vitro concentrations; decreased enzyme activity is not proof of human drug-level changes. Extract and isolated mangiferin are distinct. exposure: Mangiferin 50-250 micrograms/mL for 48 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/22815239.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1728, "text_sha256": "e85ebd0af89f030dbeda45ed922e93a8a616c51f5ce1b64badc44d90791716c0"} [mangiferin-p22815239] Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815239/ DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4782

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"}

experimental_model

Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment

exposure

Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model

limitations

Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Mus musculus

plain_language

More urate could leave through greater urine output.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

tissue_or_cell_type

Kidney and metabolic-cage urine

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-urine-output Urine volume increased without a marked change in urine urate concentration. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More urate could leave through greater urine output. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney and metabolic-cage urine experimental_model: Mouse hyperuricemic nephropathy experiment limitations: Different model from earlier oxonate experiments; associations do not prove AQP2 mediation. Null expression results do not rule out changes in activity. exposure: Mangiferin in the study-specific nephropathy model evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/32116724.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1810, "text_sha256": "f18a5e0ea5cd0f421555870fbfcaede81ecb40cd62a7de27f356d6addf076ee5"} [mangiferin-p32116724] Mangiferin Ameliorates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Which Is Associated With Downregulation of AQP2 and Increased Urinary Uric Acid Excretion. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116724/ DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00049

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/33422511.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "94f03b6027f5e127135766a609b273a2ba7347687f229c99c4357f21f91b1aa2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 922, "text_sha256": "94f03b6027f5e127135766a609b273a2ba7347687f229c99c4357f21f91b1aa2"}

experimental_model

Formulation characterization, release testing and isolated human-neutrophil evaluation

exposure

Spray-dried cashew-apple pectin and mangiferin; release media at specified pH

limitations

No oral human bioavailability result; matrix behavior cannot be generalized to eating pectin with mangiferin.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Material system and human cells

plain_language

Pectin can serve as a delivery material in a deliberately prepared formulation.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p33422511] Cashew apple pectin as a carrier matrix for mangiferin: Physicochemical characterization, in vitro release and biological evaluation in human neutrophils. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33422511/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.001

tissue_or_cell_type

Pectin matrix and neutrophils

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 275–286

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Formulation characterization, release testing and isolated human-neutrophil evaluation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pectin-matrix The spray-dried cashew-pectin system encapsulated mangiferin with reported efficiency of 82.02%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Pectin can serve as a delivery material in a deliberately prepared formulation. organism: Material system and human cells tissue_or_cell_type: Pectin matrix and neutrophils experimental_model: Formulation characterization, release testing and isolated human-neutrophil evaluation limitations: No oral human bioavailability result; matrix behavior cannot be generalized to eating pectin with mangiferin. exposure: Spray-dried cashew-apple pectin and mangiferin; release media at specified pH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/33422511.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "94f03b6027f5e127135766a609b273a2ba7347687f229c99c4357f21f91b1aa2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 922, "text_sha256": "94f03b6027f5e127135766a609b273a2ba7347687f229c99c4357f21f91b1aa2"} [mangiferin-p33422511] Cashew apple pectin as a carrier matrix for mangiferin: Physicochemical characterization, in vitro release and biological evaluation in human neutrophils. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33422511/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.001

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/16141538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9bf5373ce89587337b6d0520b931f202d44771dba205220b8e340b9fa7446b88", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1356, "text_sha256": "9bf5373ce89587337b6d0520b931f202d44771dba205220b8e340b9fa7446b88"}

experimental_model

Isolated anaerobic human-fecal bacterium and cell-free extracts

exposure

Mangiferin culture exposure, with transcription/translation inhibitors

limitations

One isolate; activity identity unresolved; not a prediction of every human microbiome.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Bacteroides sp. MANG

plain_language

A bacterial system removes the attached sugar.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p16141538] Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium that transforms mangiferin to norathyriol and inducibility of the enzyme that cleaves a C-glucosyl bond. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16141538/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1672

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial culture

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 106–117

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated anaerobic human-fecal bacterium and cell-free extracts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-bacterial-cleavage An inducible activity in Bacteroides sp. MANG cleaved mangiferin to norathyriol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A bacterial system removes the attached sugar. organism: Bacteroides sp. MANG tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial culture experimental_model: Isolated anaerobic human-fecal bacterium and cell-free extracts limitations: One isolate; activity identity unresolved; not a prediction of every human microbiome. exposure: Mangiferin culture exposure, with transcription/translation inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/16141538.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9bf5373ce89587337b6d0520b931f202d44771dba205220b8e340b9fa7446b88", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1356, "text_sha256": "9bf5373ce89587337b6d0520b931f202d44771dba205220b8e340b9fa7446b88"} [mangiferin-p16141538] Isolation of a human intestinal bacterium that transforms mangiferin to norathyriol and inducibility of the enzyme that cleaves a C-glucosyl bond. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16141538/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1672

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"}

experimental_model

Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition

exposure

Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure

limitations

Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The response depended in part on available enzyme activity.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

tissue_or_cell_type

ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 653–664

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-ho1-loss HO-1 inhibition attenuated the protective effect of mangiferin against H2O2 injury. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The response depended in part on available enzyme activity. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells experimental_model: Hydrogen-peroxide challenge with pharmacological HO-1 inhibition limitations: Cell protection is not demonstrated retinal clinical efficacy; GPx isoforms unresolved and expression is not cofactor sufficiency. exposure: Mangiferin before H2O2 exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/38586992.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1792, "text_sha256": "3568135f9e3471d748a1f42c7ed136800b1cb9d017ebd9aa1522de71b71a72be"} [mangiferin-p38586992] Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Mangiferin in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Contributes to Blocking Oxidative Damage. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38586992/ DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.175

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"}

experimental_model

IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation

exposure

Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662

limitations

The indexed abstract reports reversal of anti-inflammatory effects collectively; endpoint-specific magnitude is unresolved.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Blocking related machinery weakened the response.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

tissue_or_cell_type

Cultured chondrocytes

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1342–1353

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-pparg-loss GW9662 reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of mangiferin in the chondrocyte study. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Blocking related machinery weakened the response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured chondrocytes experimental_model: IL-1beta-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes with inhibitor perturbation limitations: The indexed abstract reports reversal of anti-inflammatory effects collectively; endpoint-specific magnitude is unresolved. exposure: Mangiferin with IL-1beta; PPAR-gamma inhibitor GW9662 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/27734234.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1007, "text_sha256": "1b9924d15171028fb1006c5e72c7b0dc6742d96f6873a292e6f5741061ad2f44"} [mangiferin-p27734234] Mangiferin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating PPAR-γ in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27734234/ DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0451-y

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/39942566.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7f3b135e29a0a2b6268f49880822ee862a25c62b401ef8046a5feb1667b06330", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1283, "text_sha256": "7f3b135e29a0a2b6268f49880822ee862a25c62b401ef8046a5feb1667b06330"}

experimental_model

Human crossover pharmacokinetic comparison

exposure

Two standardized 60% mango-leaf extracts; seven-day washout

limitations

Relative exposure comparison of formulations, not absolute bioavailability, pure-compound equivalence or demonstrated clinical benefit.

nutrient_topic

Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin

organism

12 adults, six women

plain_language

The soluble salt preparation changed circulating exposure.

primary_references

[mangiferin-p39942566] Human Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Comparative Analysis of Mangiferin and Its Monosodium Derivative from Mangifera indica Extracts Using UHPLC-MS/MS with 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF Confirmation. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39942566/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030461

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma

Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 262–273

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human crossover pharmacokinetic comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mangiferin-salt-exposure MLES produced 2.44-fold higher AUC over 24 hours than MLE60 in the crossover comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The soluble salt preparation changed circulating exposure. organism: 12 adults, six women tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Human crossover pharmacokinetic comparison limitations: Relative exposure comparison of formulations, not absolute bioavailability, pure-compound equivalence or demonstrated clinical benefit. exposure: Two standardized 60% mango-leaf extracts; seven-day washout evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/39942566.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7f3b135e29a0a2b6268f49880822ee862a25c62b401ef8046a5feb1667b06330", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1283, "text_sha256": "7f3b135e29a0a2b6268f49880822ee862a25c62b401ef8046a5feb1667b06330"} [mangiferin-p39942566] Human Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Comparative Analysis of Mangiferin and Its Monosodium Derivative from Mangifera indica Extracts Using UHPLC-MS/MS with 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF Confirmation. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39942566/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules30030461