Component

Human serum free fatty acid concentration

Human serum free fatty acid concentration. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Serum free fatty acids decreased compared with placebo.

    Mangiferin → Human serum free fatty acid concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks
    limitations
    One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux.
    nutrient_topic
    Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Mangiferin
    organism
    Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers
    plain_language
    Another circulating lipid measure changed.
    primary_references
    [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Serum metabolic measurements

    Mangiferin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1160–1171

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mangiferin-trial-ffa Serum free fatty acids decreased compared with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Mangiferin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another circulating lipid measure changed. organism: Overweight adults with hyperlipidemia; 97 completers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum metabolic measurements experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: One trial in a selected population; biomarkers do not demonstrate clinical outcomes or directly measure fatty-acid flux. exposure: Mangiferin 150 mg/day for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/mangiferin-research/25989216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1522, "text_sha256": "2f57445ffe1eb20de3c2bf1170d152c358be1d7763cef2a091c0b3052040e539"} [mangiferin-p25989216] Mangiferin supplementation improves serum lipid profiles in overweight patients with hyperlipidemia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25989216/ DOI: 10.1038/srep10344
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Cold exposure that induced brown adipose activity raised plasma noradrenaline and dopamine and improved peripheral glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity by about 20%, while first-phase insulin response remained stable and specific plasma fatty acids changed, with lignoceric acid rising and eicosanoic, nervonic and behenic acids falling.

    Cold water immersion → Peripheral insulin sensitivity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/28945846.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1937, "text_sha256": "b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe"}
    experimental_model
    Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit
    exposure
    Moderate cold at 18.06 degrees C with shivering excluded, versus thermoneutral 22 degrees C
    limitations
    Shivering was deliberately excluded, so the effect is attributable to non-shivering mechanisms. First-phase insulin response was unchanged, separating sensitivity from secretion.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released.
    primary_references
    [cold-p28945846] Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Alters Plasma Fatty Acids and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Men. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945846/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01250
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Brown adipose tissue and whole body

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 884–895

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-cold-glucose-uptake-men Cold exposure that induced brown adipose activity raised plasma noradrenaline and dopamine and improved peripheral glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity by about 20%, while first-phase insulin response remained stable and specific plasma fatty acids changed, with lignoceric acid rising and eicosanoic, nervonic and behenic acids falling. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Brown adipose tissue and whole body experimental_model: Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit limitations: Shivering was deliberately excluded, so the effect is attributable to non-shivering mechanisms. First-phase insulin response was unchanged, separating sensitivity from secretion. exposure: Moderate cold at 18.06 degrees C with shivering excluded, versus thermoneutral 22 degrees C evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/28945846.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1937, "text_sha256": "b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe"} [cold-p28945846] Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Alters Plasma Fatty Acids and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Men. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945846/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01250
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. A post-bypass patient had fasting hypoglycemia, low BHB and high free fatty acids; carnitine replacement resolved fasting hypoglycemia.

    L-Carnitine → Hypoglycemia with inadequate ketone availability source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Cachectic 69-year-old woman, 12 years after gastric bypass; supervised diagnostic fast.
    limitations
    Single case; impaired mitochondrial transport was inferred. This is not a general carnitine supplement recommendation.
    nutrient_topic
    Fasting physiological-state collection; human protocols, cellular deprivation and refeeding are distinguished. · Fasting / abstention from energy intake
    plain_language
    Fat release was not enough when the next transport step appeared limited.
    primary_references
    Fasting hypoglycaemia secondary to carnitine deficiency: a late consequence of gastric bypass. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34281938/ · DOI 10.1136/bcr-2021-241703
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Fasting: fuel switching, nutrient sensing, ketone signaling, nutrient dependencies and refeeding (2026-09-18) · lines 168–174

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cachectic 69-year-old woman, 12 years after gastric bypass; supervised diagnostic fast. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fast-carnitine-case Fat release was not enough when the next transport step appeared limited. A post-bypass patient had fasting hypoglycemia, low BHB and high free fatty acids; carnitine replacement resolved fasting hypoglycemia. Model: Cachectic 69-year-old woman, 12 years after gastric bypass; supervised diagnostic fast. Limitations: Single case; impaired mitochondrial transport was inferred. This is not a general carnitine supplement recommendation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Fasting hypoglycaemia secondary to carnitine deficiency: a late consequence of gastric bypass. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34281938/ · DOI 10.1136/bcr-2021-241703
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards