{"id":"5bb4dfca-49a2-5ffb-b798-c8f2b05dbe60","stable_key":"b3c3f45a-50fb-5b79-98d7-5e5228df00db:cold-cold-glucose-uptake-men","predicate":"increases","statement":"Cold exposure that induced brown adipose activity raised plasma noradrenaline and dopamine and improved peripheral glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity by about 20%, while first-phase insulin response remained stable and specific plasma fatty acids changed, with lignoceric acid rising and eicosanoic, nervonic and behenic acids falling.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"71c4eb88-0ee0-595e-9378-a709576da3ff","mechanism_event_label":"Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released.","subject":{"id":"96a7dff2-caf4-51c1-93c4-c9ed08c05c9a","slug":"cold-water-immersion","display_name":"Cold water immersion","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"e3492274-499a-5a76-968d-3e20eb41f06f","slug":"peripheral-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Peripheral insulin sensitivity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"71c4eb88-0ee0-595e-9378-a709576da3ff","stable_key":"b3c3f45a-50fb-5b79-98d7-5e5228df00db:cold-cold-glucose-uptake-men-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released.","description":"Cold exposure that induced brown adipose activity raised plasma noradrenaline and dopamine and improved peripheral glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity by about 20%, while first-phase insulin response remained stable and specific plasma fatty acids changed, with lignoceric acid rising and eicosanoic, nervonic and behenic acids falling.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"14452a0d-37f0-544d-8cc2-0b770a16b5d3","slug":"plasma-noradrenaline","display_name":"Plasma noradrenaline concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"raised_measure","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d7ab69c0-cd7d-587c-b315-47af56493182","slug":"insulin","display_name":"Insulin","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"unchanged_secretion","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f8030dfa-1be6-574d-bcc9-fc985fb8bc4f","slug":"serum-free-fatty-acids","display_name":"Human serum free fatty acid concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"altered_profile","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"96a7dff2-caf4-51c1-93c4-c9ed08c05c9a","slug":"cold-water-immersion","display_name":"Cold water immersion","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e3492274-499a-5a76-968d-3e20eb41f06f","slug":"peripheral-insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Peripheral insulin sensitivity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/28945846.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1937, \"text_sha256\": \"b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Moderate cold at 18.06 degrees C with shivering excluded, versus thermoneutral 22 degrees C","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Shivering was deliberately excluded, so the effect is attributable to non-shivering mechanisms. First-phase insulin response was unchanged, separating sensitivity from secretion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"cold-water-immersion","display_name":"Cold water immersion","entity_type_key":"drug"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[cold-p28945846] Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Alters Plasma Fatty Acids and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Men. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945846/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01250","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Brown adipose tissue and whole body","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"93c54fe1-493c-5020-8baf-b1ea700851e4","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 884-895","start_line":884,"end_line":895,"excerpt":"### cold-cold-glucose-uptake-men\nCold exposure that induced brown adipose activity raised plasma noradrenaline and dopamine and improved peripheral glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity by about 20%, while first-phase insulin response remained stable and specific plasma fatty acids changed, with lignoceric acid rising and eicosanoic, nervonic and behenic acids falling.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.\nplain_language: Cold improved how the body handles glucose without changing how much insulin the pancreas released.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Brown adipose tissue and whole body\nexperimental_model: Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit\nlimitations: Shivering was deliberately excluded, so the effect is attributable to non-shivering mechanisms. First-phase insulin response was unchanged, separating sensitivity from secretion.\nexposure: Moderate cold at 18.06 degrees C with shivering excluded, versus thermoneutral 22 degrees C\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/28945846.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1937, \"text_sha256\": \"b399b9e904d28b07a332dbd1664fec903eac6427cb2ea9c9e53d8b3a44d0d6fe\"}\n[cold-p28945846] Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Alters Plasma Fatty Acids and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Men. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945846/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01250","model_system":"Fifteen healthy men in a cross-balanced repeated within-subject study with a water-perfused suit","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [cold-p28945846] Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Alters Plasma Fatty Acids and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Men. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945846/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01250","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"feeccadc-1392-573e-a0b5-0939ee5de6e2","stable_key":"import-b3c3f45a-50fb-5b79-98d7-5e5228df00db","title":"Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"557f074d372c49c502c34e648651aff7ebf2c8816305d2d2f08e338a7e96a5f0","revision_id":"ecc19e8d-40db-5b5d-b98e-0507f645976c","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}