Component

trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

29 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Adding t10,c12 CLA inhibited beta-catenin degradation and increased its interaction with PPAR-gamma.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Mouse beta-catenin / Ctnnb1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
    limitations
    No universal activation of every Wnt target was observed.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A stabilized protein associated with the fat-cell regulator.
    primary_references
    Trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte adipogenesis by elevating β-catenin levels. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780430/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.004

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 206–212

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-beta-catenin A stabilized protein associated with the fat-cell regulator. Adding t10,c12 CLA inhibited beta-catenin degradation and increased its interaction with PPAR-gamma. Model: Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Limitations: No universal activation of every Wnt target was observed. Evidence access: Primary abstract Trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte adipogenesis by elevating β-catenin levels. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26780430/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.004
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased intracellular calcium; BAPTA and the calcium-mobilization inhibitor TMB-8 attenuated the increase.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human adipocyte intracellular calcium response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary human adipocytes with pharmacological perturbation.
    limitations
    Does not mean dietary calcium causes the effect or that a unique channel was identified.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A local calcium signal helped initiate the response.
    primary_references
    Inflammation and insulin resistance induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid depend on intracellular calcium levels in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154361/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M005447

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 150–156

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human adipocytes with pharmacological perturbation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-calcium A local calcium signal helped initiate the response. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased intracellular calcium; BAPTA and the calcium-mobilization inhibitor TMB-8 attenuated the increase. Model: Primary human adipocytes with pharmacological perturbation. Limitations: Does not mean dietary calcium causes the effect or that a unique channel was identified. Evidence access: Primary abstract Inflammation and insulin resistance induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid depend on intracellular calcium levels in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154361/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M005447
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. CLA treatment increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from the human adipose culture systems.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human adipocyte CLA-associated cytokine output source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocytes, stromal-vascular cells and adipose explants.
    limitations
    Culture concentrations and cell mixtures limit extrapolation.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    The response could signal to neighboring cells.
    primary_references
    Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 134–140

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocytes, stromal-vascular cells and adipose explants. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-cytokines The response could signal to neighboring cells. CLA treatment increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from the human adipose culture systems. Model: Human adipocytes, stromal-vascular cells and adipose explants. Limitations: Culture concentrations and cell mixtures limit extrapolation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Adding t10,c12 CLA induced DGK-eta expression in primary human adipocytes.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human diacylglycerol kinase eta / DGKH source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary human adipocyte expression study.
    limitations
    Expression alone does not demonstrate increased catalytic flux.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Another lipid-signaling enzyme responded to CLA.
    primary_references
    Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 182–188

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human adipocyte expression study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-dgkh-expression Another lipid-signaling enzyme responded to CLA. Adding t10,c12 CLA induced DGK-eta expression in primary human adipocytes. Model: Primary human adipocyte expression study. Limitations: Expression alone does not demonstrate increased catalytic flux. Evidence access: Primary abstract Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Adding t10,c12 CLA reduced GLUT4 gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and oxidation.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human glucose transporter 4 / SLC2A4 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes.
    limitations
    Reduced fat storage is not automatically improved metabolic health.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Less glucose entered the fat cells in response to insulin.
    primary_references
    Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 70–76

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-glut4 Less glucose entered the fat cells in response to insulin. Adding t10,c12 CLA reduced GLUT4 gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and oxidation. Model: Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. Limitations: Reduced fat storage is not automatically improved metabolic health. Evidence access: Primary abstract Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Fat mass and weight fell from baseline in the t10,c12 arm but not significantly more than placebo.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human body fat mass in CLA trials source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Same 12-week trial.
    limitations
    Do not present within-group loss as superiority over placebo.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A before-and-after change was not a demonstrated treatment benefit.
    primary_references
    Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196420/ · DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.9.1516

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 422–428

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same 12-week trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-human-t10-fat A before-and-after change was not a demonstrated treatment benefit. Fat mass and weight fell from baseline in the t10,c12 arm but not significantly more than placebo. Model: Same 12-week trial. Limitations: Do not present within-group loss as superiority over placebo. Evidence access: Primary abstract Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196420/ · DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.9.1516
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. The purified t10,c12 arm increased insulin resistance by 19% and glycemia by 4% versus placebo.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human clamp-measured insulin sensitivity in CLA trials source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Sixty abdominally obese men with metabolic-syndrome features; 12-week three-arm trial, 3.4 g/day assigned CLA preparation.
    limitations
    The mixed-isomer arm did not show the same glucose effect; formulation and population matter.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    The isolated isomer impaired glucose handling in this population.
    primary_references
    Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196420/ · DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.9.1516

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 414–420

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sixty abdominally obese men with metabolic-syndrome features; 12-week three-arm trial, 3.4 g/day assigned CLA preparation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-human-t10-insulin The isolated isomer impaired glucose handling in this population. The purified t10,c12 arm increased insulin resistance by 19% and glycemia by 4% versus placebo. Model: Sixty abdominally obese men with metabolic-syndrome features; 12-week three-arm trial, 3.4 g/day assigned CLA preparation. Limitations: The mixed-isomer arm did not show the same glucose effect; formulation and population matter. Evidence access: Primary abstract Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196420/ · DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.9.1516
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Feeding 0.4% t10,c12 CLA for four weeks produced fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy; c9,t11 and linoleic-acid diets did not show the same effects.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Mouse hepatic lipid accumulation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse dietary comparison.
    limitations
    Not a human risk estimate or proof that insulin caused the liver phenotype.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Loss of adipose fat coexisted with liver fat accumulation.
    primary_references
    Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12235171/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.m20008-jlr200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 214–220

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse dietary comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-mouse-liver Loss of adipose fat coexisted with liver fat accumulation. Feeding 0.4% t10,c12 CLA for four weeks produced fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy; c9,t11 and linoleic-acid diets did not show the same effects. Model: Mouse dietary comparison. Limitations: Not a human risk estimate or proof that insulin caused the liver phenotype. Evidence access: Primary abstract Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12235171/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.m20008-jlr200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. Adding t10,c12 CLA promoted NF-kappa-B activation, including p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation with I-kappa-B-alpha degradation.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human NF-kappa-B p65 / RELA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte/stromal-vascular cultures and explants.
    limitations
    Different cell populations contribute to the response.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Inflammatory signaling became active in the fat-cell cultures.
    primary_references
    Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 126–132

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte/stromal-vascular cultures and explants. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-nfkb Inflammatory signaling became active in the fat-cell cultures. Adding t10,c12 CLA promoted NF-kappa-B activation, including p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation with I-kappa-B-alpha degradation. Model: Human adipocyte/stromal-vascular cultures and explants. Limitations: Different cell populations contribute to the response. Evidence access: Primary abstract Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. Adding t10,c12 CLA reduced oleic-acid uptake and oxidation.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human adipocyte oleate uptake and oxidation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes.
    limitations
    Does not determine whole-body fuel oxidation.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    This fat-cell result was not increased fat burning.
    primary_references
    Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 78–84

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-oleate This fat-cell result was not increased fat burning. Adding t10,c12 CLA reduced oleic-acid uptake and oxidation. Model: Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. Limitations: Does not determine whole-body fuel oxidation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  11. The isomer inhibited arachidonic-acid- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the 5–7 micromolar I50 range.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human platelet aggregation, agonist specified source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human platelet preparation.
    limitations
    Reversible, timing-dependent effects; no clinical antithrombotic benefit or drug interaction quantified.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Platelet activation changed in a laboratory assay.
    primary_references
    Antiplatelet effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320806/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00055-4

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 278–284

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human platelet preparation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-platelets-t10 Platelet activation changed in a laboratory assay. The isomer inhibited arachidonic-acid- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the 5–7 micromolar I50 range. Model: Human platelet preparation. Limitations: Reversible, timing-dependent effects; no clinical antithrombotic benefit or drug interaction quantified. Evidence access: Primary abstract Antiplatelet effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320806/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00055-4
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  12. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased plasma-membrane PLC-gamma1 abundance within three minutes.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → PLCG1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary human adipocyte localization experiment.
    limitations
    Localization is not proof of direct CLA binding or identification of its receptor.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A lipid-signaling enzyme moved toward the membrane.
    primary_references
    The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 attenuates trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammatory signaling and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23468551/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.112.173161

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 166–172

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human adipocyte localization experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-plc-location A lipid-signaling enzyme moved toward the membrane. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased plasma-membrane PLC-gamma1 abundance within three minutes. Model: Primary human adipocyte localization experiment. Limitations: Localization is not proof of direct CLA binding or identification of its receptor. Evidence access: Primary abstract The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 attenuates trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammatory signaling and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23468551/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.112.173161
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  13. Adding t10,c12, but not c9,t11 CLA, suppressed ligand-stimulated PPAR-gamma reporter activation.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human adipocyte PPAR-gamma reporter activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary human adipocyte culture and reporter experiments.
    limitations
    The 2003 transient-transfection study reported antagonism with both isomers; assay context remains relevant.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    An isomer could interfere with activation of the regulator.
    primary_references
    Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 102–108

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human adipocyte culture and reporter experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-pparg-antagonism An isomer could interfere with activation of the regulator. Adding t10,c12, but not c9,t11 CLA, suppressed ligand-stimulated PPAR-gamma reporter activation. Model: Primary human adipocyte culture and reporter experiments. Limitations: The 2003 transient-transfection study reported antagonism with both isomers; assay context remains relevant. Evidence access: Primary abstract Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  14. Adding t10,c12 CLA lowered PPAR-gamma and several target-gene transcripts.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human PPAR gamma / PPARG source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes.
    limitations
    Expression and direct ligand binding are different measurements.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A regulator of fat-cell identity was suppressed.
    primary_references
    Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 86–92

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-pparg-expression-t10 A regulator of fat-cell identity was suppressed. Adding t10,c12 CLA lowered PPAR-gamma and several target-gene transcripts. Model: Primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes. Limitations: Expression and direct ligand binding are different measurements. Evidence access: Primary abstract Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730300/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300001-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  15. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased PPAR-gamma and ERK1/2 phosphorylation before PPAR-gamma protein declined.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human PPAR gamma / PPARG source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte time-course experiments.
    limitations
    ERK causation of the PPAR-gamma phosphorylation was proposed rather than isolated here.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Signaling changed before the regulator became less abundant.
    primary_references
    Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 110–116

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte time-course experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-pparg-phosphorylation Signaling changed before the regulator became less abundant. Adding t10,c12 CLA increased PPAR-gamma and ERK1/2 phosphorylation before PPAR-gamma protein declined. Model: Human adipocyte time-course experiments. Limitations: ERK causation of the PPAR-gamma phosphorylation was proposed rather than isolated here. Evidence access: Primary abstract Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  16. Only the t10,c12 preparation increased hepatic retinol secretion and serum retinol/RBP.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Mouse hepatic retinol secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse dietary comparison.
    limitations
    Retinoid oxidation was only proposed; no demonstrated human deficiency or toxicity.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Vitamin A distribution changed beyond liver storage.
    primary_references
    Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 254–260

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse dietary comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-retinol-release Vitamin A distribution changed beyond liver storage. Only the t10,c12 preparation increased hepatic retinol secretion and serum retinol/RBP. Model: Mouse dietary comparison. Limitations: Retinoid oxidation was only proposed; no demonstrated human deficiency or toxicity. Evidence access: Primary abstract Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  17. Feeding the enriched isomer preparation increased hepatic retinyl ester accumulation.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Mouse hepatic retinyl ester storage source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse dietary isomer comparison.
    limitations
    Accumulation does not establish improved vitamin A function.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    CLA altered a vitamin A storage compartment.
    primary_references
    Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 246–252

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse dietary isomer comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-retinyl-t10 CLA altered a vitamin A storage compartment. Feeding the enriched isomer preparation increased hepatic retinyl ester accumulation. Model: Mouse dietary isomer comparison. Limitations: Accumulation does not establish improved vitamin A function. Evidence access: Primary abstract Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  18. At 45 micromolar, the isomer reduced SCD activity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells; protein fell only in MDA-MB-231, while mRNA was not repressed.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Human cell SCD activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human breast-cancer cell lines.
    limitations
    Cell-line biochemistry does not establish anticancer benefit or ordinary dietary exposure.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    The same enzyme changed through different regulatory levels.
    primary_references
    Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the cis-9,trans-11 isomer and the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12061775/ · DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00554-5

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 62–68

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human breast-cancer cell lines. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-scd-t10 The same enzyme changed through different regulatory levels. At 45 micromolar, the isomer reduced SCD activity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells; protein fell only in MDA-MB-231, while mRNA was not repressed. Model: Human breast-cancer cell lines. Limitations: Cell-line biochemistry does not establish anticancer benefit or ordinary dietary exposure. Evidence access: Primary abstract Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity by the cis-9,trans-11 isomer and the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12061775/ · DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00554-5
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 attenuated CLA-induced stress/inflammatory responses and loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

    KN-62, pharmacological CaMKII inhibitor → Human adipocyte CLA-associated cytokine output source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte pharmacology; CaMKII-beta induction also measured.
    limitations
    Inhibitor data alone do not prove CAMK2B is the sole required isoform.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Blocking a calcium-responsive kinase pathway weakened the response.
    primary_references
    Inflammation and insulin resistance induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid depend on intracellular calcium levels in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154361/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M005447

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 158–164

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte pharmacology; CaMKII-beta induction also measured. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-camk Blocking a calcium-responsive kinase pathway weakened the response. CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 attenuated CLA-induced stress/inflammatory responses and loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Model: Human adipocyte pharmacology; CaMKII-beta induction also measured. Limitations: Inhibitor data alone do not prove CAMK2B is the sole required isoform. Evidence access: Primary abstract Inflammation and insulin resistance induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid depend on intracellular calcium levels in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154361/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M005447
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. DGK inhibitor R59022 attenuated CLA-induced calcium accumulation and reductions in glucose/fatty-acid uptake.

    R59022, pharmacological DGK inhibitor → Human adipocyte intracellular calcium response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Primary human adipocytes, R59022 pretreatment.
    limitations
    The inhibitor does not establish DGK-eta as the calcium-controlling isoform.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Pharmacological results connected lipid signaling and calcium.
    primary_references
    Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 198–204

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human adipocytes, R59022 pretreatment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-dgk-inhibitor Pharmacological results connected lipid signaling and calcium. DGK inhibitor R59022 attenuated CLA-induced calcium accumulation and reductions in glucose/fatty-acid uptake. Model: Primary human adipocytes, R59022 pretreatment. Limitations: The inhibitor does not establish DGK-eta as the calcium-controlling isoform. Evidence access: Primary abstract Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. DGK-eta siRNA reduced CLA-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and JNK/c-Jun activation.

    Human diacylglycerol kinase eta / DGKH → Human adipocyte CLA-associated cytokine output source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment.
    limitations
    Partial effects do not establish an exclusive pathway.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Gene depletion supported a contribution by a specific enzyme.
    primary_references
    Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 190–196

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-dgkh-knockdown Gene depletion supported a contribution by a specific enzyme. DGK-eta siRNA reduced CLA-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and JNK/c-Jun activation. Model: Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment. Limitations: Partial effects do not establish an exclusive pathway. Evidence access: Primary abstract Diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 attenuates conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammation in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23264678/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M031211
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. DHA co-feeding did not prevent CLA-associated loss of adipose mass or its gene-expression changes.

    Docosahexaenoic acid / DHA, omega-3 fatty acid → Mouse adipose tissue mass source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Same four-week mouse experiment.
    limitations
    Liver and adipose outcomes must remain distinct.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    The same combination did not rescue every tissue.
    primary_references
    The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes in fatty acid composition of mouse liver, adipose, and muscle. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23170930/ · DOI 10.1089/met.2012.0116

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 230–236

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same four-week mouse experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-dha-adipose The same combination did not rescue every tissue. DHA co-feeding did not prevent CLA-associated loss of adipose mass or its gene-expression changes. Model: Same four-week mouse experiment. Limitations: Liver and adipose outcomes must remain distinct. Evidence access: Primary abstract The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes in fatty acid composition of mouse liver, adipose, and muscle. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23170930/ · DOI 10.1089/met.2012.0116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Adding 1.5% DHA to 0.5% t10,c12 CLA prevented the CLA-associated increase in liver fat.

    Docosahexaenoic acid / DHA, omega-3 fatty acid → Mouse hepatic lipid accumulation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Female C57BL/6N mice; four-week feeding study.
    limitations
    High experimental diet proportions; not established human supplement protection.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Another fatty acid changed the liver response.
    primary_references
    The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes in fatty acid composition of mouse liver, adipose, and muscle. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23170930/ · DOI 10.1089/met.2012.0116

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 222–228

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Female C57BL/6N mice; four-week feeding study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-dha-liver Another fatty acid changed the liver response. Adding 1.5% DHA to 0.5% t10,c12 CLA prevented the CLA-associated increase in liver fat. Model: Female C57BL/6N mice; four-week feeding study. Limitations: High experimental diet proportions; not established human supplement protection. Evidence access: Primary abstract The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes in fatty acid composition of mouse liver, adipose, and muscle. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23170930/ · DOI 10.1089/met.2012.0116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. At 100 micromolar, c9,t11 inhibited endothelial eicosanoid production, whereas t10,c12 stimulated it.

    cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid / rumenic acid → Human endothelial prostaglandin output source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human saphenous-vein endothelial cells with calcium-ionophore stimulation.
    limitations
    Lower-concentration results differed; no universal anti-inflammatory label.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Isomer and concentration changed the direction of the response.
    primary_references
    The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11880240/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00198-6

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 294–300

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human saphenous-vein endothelial cells with calcium-ionophore stimulation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-endothelium-c9 Isomer and concentration changed the direction of the response. At 100 micromolar, c9,t11 inhibited endothelial eicosanoid production, whereas t10,c12 stimulated it. Model: Human saphenous-vein endothelial cells with calcium-ionophore stimulation. Limitations: Lower-concentration results differed; no universal anti-inflammatory label. Evidence access: Primary abstract The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production in human saphenous vein endothelial cells. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11880240/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00198-6
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. BRL co-treatment rescued FABP4, LPL and perilipin transcripts but did not prevent reduced GLUT4, glucose uptake or triglyceride content.

    Rosiglitazone / BRL49653 → Human adipocyte PPAR-gamma target transcripts source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    One-week co-treatment of primary human adipocyte cultures.
    limitations
    Transcript rescue did not restore all downstream functions.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Restoring some target genes did not restore the whole response.
    primary_references
    Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 118–124

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · One-week co-treatment of primary human adipocyte cultures. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-partial-rescue Restoring some target genes did not restore the whole response. BRL co-treatment rescued FABP4, LPL and perilipin transcripts but did not prevent reduced GLUT4, glucose uptake or triglyceride content. Model: One-week co-treatment of primary human adipocyte cultures. Limitations: Transcript rescue did not restore all downstream functions. Evidence access: Primary abstract Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid antagonizes ligand-dependent PPARgamma activity in primary cultures of human adipocytes. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287349/ · DOI 10.1093/jn/138.3.455
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. PLC inhibitor U73122 attenuated CLA-induced calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling and impaired glucose uptake.

    U73122, pharmacological PLC inhibitor → Human adipocyte intracellular calcium response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte inhibitor experiment.
    limitations
    Broad inhibitor evidence does not isolate PLC-gamma1 as necessary.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A phospholipase-sensitive step linked membrane signaling to calcium.
    primary_references
    The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 attenuates trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammatory signaling and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23468551/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.112.173161

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    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte inhibitor experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-plc-block A phospholipase-sensitive step linked membrane signaling to calcium. PLC inhibitor U73122 attenuated CLA-induced calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling and impaired glucose uptake. Model: Human adipocyte inhibitor experiment. Limitations: Broad inhibitor evidence does not isolate PLC-gamma1 as necessary. Evidence access: Primary abstract The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 attenuates trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated inflammatory signaling and insulin resistance in human adipocytes. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23468551/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.112.173161
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. RBP-deficient mice supported an RBP-dependent mechanism for CLA-induced hepatic retinol secretion and redistribution toward adipose tissue.

    Mouse retinol-binding protein 4 / Rbp4 → Mouse retinoid redistribution toward adipose tissue source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    RBP-loss mouse comparison with t10,c12 supplementation.
    limitations
    Genetic model, not evidence that RBP abundance alone predicts a human response.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    A transport protein helped determine where vitamin A went.
    primary_references
    Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200

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    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · RBP-loss mouse comparison with t10,c12 supplementation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-rbp-loss A transport protein helped determine where vitamin A went. RBP-deficient mice supported an RBP-dependent mechanism for CLA-induced hepatic retinol secretion and redistribution toward adipose tissue. Model: RBP-loss mouse comparison with t10,c12 supplementation. Limitations: Genetic model, not evidence that RBP abundance alone predicts a human response. Evidence access: Primary abstract Hepatic retinol secretion and storage are altered by dietary CLA: common and distinct actions of CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454764/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.M900054-JLR200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. p65 siRNA depletion attenuated CLA-induced loss of GLUT4 and PPAR-gamma proteins and suppression of glucose uptake.

    Human NF-kappa-B p65 / RELA → Human adipocyte insulin-stimulated glucose uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment.
    limitations
    Supports a contribution in this model, not universal necessity in all tissues.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Removing a signaling component weakened the adverse response.
    primary_references
    Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200

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    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-rela-knockdown Removing a signaling component weakened the adverse response. p65 siRNA depletion attenuated CLA-induced loss of GLUT4 and PPAR-gamma proteins and suppression of glucose uptake. Model: Human adipocyte RNA-interference experiment. Limitations: Supports a contribution in this model, not universal necessity in all tissues. Evidence access: Primary abstract Conjugated linoleic acid promotes human adipocyte insulin resistance through NFkappaB-dependent cytokine production. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155293/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M508159200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  11. The mixture and individual isomers reduced arachidonate-derived TXB2 formation, while platelet 12-HETE formation was not inhibited.

    Study-specific mixed-isomer CLA preparations → Human platelet thromboxane B2 formation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human platelet radiotracer assay.
    limitations
    TXB2 is the measured readout of TXA2 formation.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Two branches from the same fatty acid responded differently.
    primary_references
    Antiplatelet effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320806/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00055-4

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 286–292

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human platelet radiotracer assay. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-txb2 Two branches from the same fatty acid responded differently. The mixture and individual isomers reduced arachidonate-derived TXB2 formation, while platelet 12-HETE formation was not inhibited. Model: Human platelet radiotracer assay. Limitations: TXB2 is the measured readout of TXA2 formation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Antiplatelet effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10320806/ · DOI 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00055-4
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards