Component

L-Theanine

L-Theanine is a non-protein amino acid found in tea. Human absorption, selected stress/sleep/attention outcomes and laboratory transport/signaling mechanisms are recorded separately. It is not an established essential nutrient and has no established dietary deficiency syndrome. Mixed-product results are not assigned to theanine alone.

83 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

Human evidence only

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

Theanine increased actigraphic sleep efficiency in boys with ADHD.
L-Theanine → Actigraphic sleep efficiency source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial
exposure
400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified
limitations
Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD
plain_language
An objective sleep measure improved in this specific trial population.
primary_references
[theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
tissue_or_cell_type
Objective sleep monitoring
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1147–1158
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-adhd-efficiency Theanine increased actigraphic sleep efficiency in boys with ADHD. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An objective sleep measure improved in this specific trial population. organism: 98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD tissue_or_cell_type: Objective sleep monitoring experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial limitations: Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation. exposure: 400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"} [theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Sleep latency was unchanged in the boys-with-ADHD trial.
L-Theanine → Sleep latency, measurement specified by study source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial
exposure
400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified
limitations
Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD
plain_language
Different sleep outcomes need separate entries.
primary_references
[theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
tissue_or_cell_type
Objective sleep monitoring
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1173–1184
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-adhd-latency-null Sleep latency was unchanged in the boys-with-ADHD trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different sleep outcomes need separate entries. organism: 98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD tissue_or_cell_type: Objective sleep monitoring experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial limitations: Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation. exposure: 400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"} [theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased actigraphic sleep percentage in boys with ADHD.
L-Theanine → Actigraphic sleep percentage source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial
exposure
400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified
limitations
Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD
plain_language
An objective sleep measure improved in this specific trial population.
primary_references
[theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
tissue_or_cell_type
Objective sleep monitoring
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1160–1171
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-adhd-percentage Theanine increased actigraphic sleep percentage in boys with ADHD. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An objective sleep measure improved in this specific trial population. organism: 98 boys aged 8-12 with ADHD tissue_or_cell_type: Objective sleep monitoring experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled actigraphy trial limitations: Short pediatric study in a specific population. Does not establish treatment of ADHD core symptoms or a general pediatric recommendation. exposure: 400 mg/day for six weeks; stimulant treatment stratified evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/22214254.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "c4233ab5e7f87272614c99ebced46c55f732b71dc105c6e7adc56e433be57871"} [theanine-p22214254] The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at AMPA sites in rat cortical preparations.
L-Theanine → Rat AMPA-type glutamate receptors, subunits unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"}
experimental_model
Radioligand receptor-binding competition
exposure
Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands
limitations
Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat cortical preparations
plain_language
A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved.
primary_references
[theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
tissue_or_cell_type
AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 289–300
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radioligand receptor-binding competition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-binding-ampa Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at AMPA sites in rat cortical preparations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved. organism: Rat cortical preparations tissue_or_cell_type: AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding experimental_model: Radioligand receptor-binding competition limitations: Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate. exposure: Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"} [theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at kainate sites in rat cortical preparations.
L-Theanine → Rat kainate-type glutamate receptors, subunits unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"}
experimental_model
Radioligand receptor-binding competition
exposure
Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands
limitations
Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat cortical preparations
plain_language
A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved.
primary_references
[theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
tissue_or_cell_type
AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 302–313
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radioligand receptor-binding competition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-binding-kainate Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at kainate sites in rat cortical preparations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved. organism: Rat cortical preparations tissue_or_cell_type: AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding experimental_model: Radioligand receptor-binding competition limitations: Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate. exposure: Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"} [theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at NMDA glycine-site sites in rat cortical preparations.
L-Theanine → Rat NMDA-type glutamate receptors, subunits unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"}
experimental_model
Radioligand receptor-binding competition
exposure
Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands
limitations
Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat cortical preparations
plain_language
A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved.
primary_references
[theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
tissue_or_cell_type
AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 315–326
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radioligand receptor-binding competition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-binding-nmda Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at NMDA glycine-site sites in rat cortical preparations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A binding assay identifies a possible receptor interaction while leaving functional and clinical effects unresolved. organism: Rat cortical preparations tissue_or_cell_type: AMPA, kainate and NMDA glycine-site binding experimental_model: Radioligand receptor-binding competition limitations: Binding displacement is not proof of functional agonism/antagonism at an oral human dose. Abstract wording for the 80-30000-fold IC50 comparison is ambiguous and is not used as a potency estimate. exposure: Theanine competition with radiolabeled ligands evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12596867.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 643, "text_sha256": "eaa387f7967a1ff8e68eceb71fd3294881967066c5dc080fd27bacf8a01ce33d"} [theanine-p12596867] Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12596867/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.2683
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine did not significantly reduce caffeine-associated jitteriness in the same experiment.
L-Theanine → Subjective jitteriness source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17891480.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1581, "text_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment
exposure
250 mg caffeine with or without 200 mg theanine
limitations
Acute caffeine exposure; no basis for treating chronic hypertension or assuming caffeine adverse effects are all prevented.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
48 healthy humans
plain_language
The blood-pressure result cannot be generalized to every subjective effect.
primary_references
[theanine-p17891480] Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17891480/ DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0938-1
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood pressure, mood and visual attention
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1017–1028
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-caffeine-jitteriness-null Theanine did not significantly reduce caffeine-associated jitteriness in the same experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The blood-pressure result cannot be generalized to every subjective effect. organism: 48 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Blood pressure, mood and visual attention experimental_model: Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment limitations: Acute caffeine exposure; no basis for treating chronic hypertension or assuming caffeine adverse effects are all prevented. exposure: 250 mg caffeine with or without 200 mg theanine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17891480.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1581, "text_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815"} [theanine-p17891480] Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17891480/ DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0938-1
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine attenuated the caffeine-associated blood-pressure response in the experiment.
L-Theanine → Arterial blood pressure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17891480.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1581, "text_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment
exposure
250 mg caffeine with or without 200 mg theanine
limitations
Acute caffeine exposure; no basis for treating chronic hypertension or assuming caffeine adverse effects are all prevented.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
48 healthy humans
plain_language
One caffeine response was reduced; that does not make caffeine physiologically inactive.
primary_references
[theanine-p17891480] Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17891480/ DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0938-1
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood pressure, mood and visual attention
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1004–1015
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-caffeine-pressure Theanine attenuated the caffeine-associated blood-pressure response in the experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One caffeine response was reduced; that does not make caffeine physiologically inactive. organism: 48 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Blood pressure, mood and visual attention experimental_model: Randomized double-blind caffeine interaction experiment limitations: Acute caffeine exposure; no basis for treating chronic hypertension or assuming caffeine adverse effects are all prevented. exposure: 250 mg caffeine with or without 200 mg theanine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17891480.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1581, "text_sha256": "dcd12cbd6fb30feee591192380733184f9928be3c146e39a4debc121a05b8815"} [theanine-p17891480] Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17891480/ DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0938-1
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported competitive binding and inhibition of rat cannabinoid receptor 1 by theanine.
L-Theanine → Rat cannabinoid receptor 1 / Cnr1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"}
experimental_model
Receptor interaction and pathway assays
exposure
Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions
limitations
Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Normal and E44813-stressed rats
plain_language
A proposed receptor connection is preserved with its rat-model limits.
primary_references
[theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
tissue_or_cell_type
CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 471–482
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor interaction and pathway assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-cb1 The study reported competitive binding and inhibition of rat cannabinoid receptor 1 by theanine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A proposed receptor connection is preserved with its rat-model limits. organism: Normal and E44813-stressed rats tissue_or_cell_type: CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation experimental_model: Receptor interaction and pathway assays limitations: Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred. exposure: Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"} [theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine protected SH-SY5Y cells against the injury produced by dopamine plus copper.
L-Theanine → Dopamine-associated cultured-cell injury source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/39499422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1871, "text_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4"}
experimental_model
Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays
exposure
Dopamine with and without copper; theanine concentration-ratio experiments
limitations
High experimental substrate ratios; no human copper-depletion, Parkinson disease treatment or systemic chelation conclusion. Cellular protection does not establish effective brain exposure.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Human SH-SY5Y cell line and chemical systems
plain_language
Cell survival was measured separately from the chemical oxidation assay.
primary_references
[theanine-p39499422] L-Theanine Effectively Protects Against Copper-Facilitated Dopamine Oxidation: Implication for Relieving Dopamine Overflow-Associated Neurotoxicities. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39499422/ DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04601-x
tissue_or_cell_type
Copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 744–755
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-copper-cell-protection Theanine protected SH-SY5Y cells against the injury produced by dopamine plus copper. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Cell survival was measured separately from the chemical oxidation assay. organism: Human SH-SY5Y cell line and chemical systems tissue_or_cell_type: Copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation experimental_model: Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays limitations: High experimental substrate ratios; no human copper-depletion, Parkinson disease treatment or systemic chelation conclusion. Cellular protection does not establish effective brain exposure. exposure: Dopamine with and without copper; theanine concentration-ratio experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/39499422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1871, "text_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4"} [theanine-p39499422] L-Theanine Effectively Protects Against Copper-Facilitated Dopamine Oxidation: Implication for Relieving Dopamine Overflow-Associated Neurotoxicities. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39499422/ DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04601-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine suppressed copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation; the authors attributed this to copper chelation.
L-Theanine → Copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/39499422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1871, "text_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4"}
experimental_model
Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays
exposure
Dopamine with and without copper; theanine concentration-ratio experiments
limitations
High experimental substrate ratios; no human copper-depletion, Parkinson disease treatment or systemic chelation conclusion. Cellular protection does not establish effective brain exposure.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Human SH-SY5Y cell line and chemical systems
plain_language
Copper changed the chemistry of dopamine oxidation, and theanine interfered with that chemistry in the assay.
primary_references
[theanine-p39499422] L-Theanine Effectively Protects Against Copper-Facilitated Dopamine Oxidation: Implication for Relieving Dopamine Overflow-Associated Neurotoxicities. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39499422/ DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04601-x
tissue_or_cell_type
Copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 731–742
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-copper-dopamine-oxidation Theanine suppressed copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation; the authors attributed this to copper chelation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Copper changed the chemistry of dopamine oxidation, and theanine interfered with that chemistry in the assay. organism: Human SH-SY5Y cell line and chemical systems tissue_or_cell_type: Copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation experimental_model: Cell-free oxidation and cultured-cell injury assays limitations: High experimental substrate ratios; no human copper-depletion, Parkinson disease treatment or systemic chelation conclusion. Cellular protection does not establish effective brain exposure. exposure: Dopamine with and without copper; theanine concentration-ratio experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/39499422.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1871, "text_sha256": "abb7a869056bc8c43d6792b2a4ff9a1b15738facf454daeb3f92df383932b9c4"} [theanine-p39499422] L-Theanine Effectively Protects Against Copper-Facilitated Dopamine Oxidation: Implication for Relieving Dopamine Overflow-Associated Neurotoxicities. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39499422/ DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04601-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Salivary cortisol changes did not significantly differ between theanine and placebo groups.
L-Theanine → Salivary cortisol change source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
exposure
400 mg/day for 28 days
limitations
Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 healthy adults; 15 per group
plain_language
The biochemical stress marker did not establish a treatment advantage.
primary_references
[theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1199–1210
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-cortisol-null Salivary cortisol changes did not significantly differ between theanine and placebo groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The biochemical stress marker did not establish a treatment advantage. organism: 30 healthy adults; 15 per group tissue_or_cell_type: Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit. exposure: 400 mg/day for 28 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"} [theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
Adjunctive theanine did not outperform placebo on anxiety severity in the GAD trial (p=0.73).
L-Theanine → Anxiety symptom score, instrument specified by study source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"}
experimental_model
Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial
exposure
450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks
limitations
Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants
plain_language
Laboratory calming signals do not establish treatment efficacy for an anxiety disorder.
primary_references
[theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
tissue_or_cell_type
Anxiety and insomnia scales
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1108–1119
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gad-anxiety-null Adjunctive theanine did not outperform placebo on anxiety severity in the GAD trial (p=0.73). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Laboratory calming signals do not establish treatment efficacy for an anxiety disorder. organism: 46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants tissue_or_cell_type: Anxiety and insomnia scales experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial limitations: Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower. exposure: 450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"} [theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine did not significantly outperform placebo on total insomnia severity (p=0.35).
L-Theanine → Insomnia Severity Index score source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"}
experimental_model
Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial
exposure
450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks
limitations
Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants
plain_language
The overall sleep scale was negative despite a favorable individual item.
primary_references
[theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
tissue_or_cell_type
Anxiety and insomnia scales
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1121–1132
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gad-insomnia-null Theanine did not significantly outperform placebo on total insomnia severity (p=0.35). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The overall sleep scale was negative despite a favorable individual item. organism: 46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants tissue_or_cell_type: Anxiety and insomnia scales experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial limitations: Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower. exposure: 450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"} [theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
Complete structured claim and evidence
Participants receiving theanine reported greater sleep satisfaction on the individual questionnaire item.
L-Theanine → Subjective sleep satisfaction source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"}
experimental_model
Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial
exposure
450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks
limitations
Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants
plain_language
A positive item remains visible without replacing the negative total-scale result.
primary_references
[theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
tissue_or_cell_type
Anxiety and insomnia scales
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1134–1145
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gad-sleep-satisfaction Participants receiving theanine reported greater sleep satisfaction on the individual questionnaire item. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A positive item remains visible without replacing the negative total-scale result. organism: 46 people with generalized anxiety disorder on stable antidepressants tissue_or_cell_type: Anxiety and insomnia scales experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled adjunctive trial limitations: Adjunctive setting with stable medication. Overall negative anxiety and insomnia endpoints; a favorable sleep-satisfaction item is narrower. exposure: 450-900 mg/day theanine for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/30580081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1664, "text_sha256": "00fa4263444cc6a36149ad1445f431b8930abdb64ca4e30cfce4fc091082a837"} [theanine-p30580081] L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat astroglia.
L-Theanine → Astroglial glutamine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"}
experimental_model
Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells
exposure
Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release
limitations
High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat neurons and astroglia
plain_language
Competition for a precursor can alter a neurotransmitter-related metabolic pool.
primary_references
[theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
tissue_or_cell_type
Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 237–248
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gln-astroglia Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat astroglia. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Competition for a precursor can alter a neurotransmitter-related metabolic pool. organism: Rat neurons and astroglia tissue_or_cell_type: Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate experimental_model: Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells limitations: High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent. exposure: Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"} [theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat neurons.
L-Theanine → Neuronal glutamine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"}
experimental_model
Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells
exposure
Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release
limitations
High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat neurons and astroglia
plain_language
Competition for a precursor can alter a neurotransmitter-related metabolic pool.
primary_references
[theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
tissue_or_cell_type
Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 224–235
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gln-neuron Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat neurons. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Competition for a precursor can alter a neurotransmitter-related metabolic pool. organism: Rat neurons and astroglia tissue_or_cell_type: Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate experimental_model: Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells limitations: High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent. exposure: Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"} [theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
Complete structured claim and evidence
Sustained 10 mM theanine lowered extracellular glutamate released from cultured neurons.
L-Theanine → Extracellular brain glutamate concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"}
experimental_model
Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells
exposure
Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release
limitations
High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat neurons and astroglia
plain_language
A high-concentration cell result is preserved without presenting it as a proven effect of an ordinary oral dose.
primary_references
[theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
tissue_or_cell_type
Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 263–274
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-glutamate-release Sustained 10 mM theanine lowered extracellular glutamate released from cultured neurons. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A high-concentration cell result is preserved without presenting it as a proven effect of an ordinary oral dose. organism: Rat neurons and astroglia tissue_or_cell_type: Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate experimental_model: Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells limitations: High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent. exposure: Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"} [theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
Complete structured claim and evidence
After 100 mg, plasma theanine peaked around 0.8 hours; capsule and tea kinetics were comparable in the tested crossover study.
L-Theanine → Plasma L-theanine exposure source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study
exposure
100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg
limitations
Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three
plain_language
Theanine entered the bloodstream rapidly in people.
primary_references
[theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma, erythrocytes and urine
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 107–118
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-human-absorption After 100 mg, plasma theanine peaked around 0.8 hours; capsule and tea kinetics were comparable in the tested crossover study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Theanine entered the bloodstream rapidly in people. organism: Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma, erythrocytes and urine experimental_model: Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study limitations: Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment. exposure: 100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"} [theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
Complete structured claim and evidence
Plasma ethylamine increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound.
L-Theanine → Plasma ethylamine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study
exposure
100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg
limitations
Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three
plain_language
Its breakdown products have identities separate from the ingested molecule.
primary_references
[theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma, erythrocytes and urine
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 120–131
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-human-ethylamine Plasma ethylamine increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Its breakdown products have identities separate from the ingested molecule. organism: Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma, erythrocytes and urine experimental_model: Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study limitations: Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment. exposure: 100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"} [theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
Complete structured claim and evidence
Plasma glutamate increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound.
L-Theanine → Plasma glutamate concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"}
experimental_model
Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study
exposure
100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg
limitations
Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three
plain_language
Its breakdown products have identities separate from the ingested molecule.
primary_references
[theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma, erythrocytes and urine
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 133–144
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-human-glutamate Plasma glutamate increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Its breakdown products have identities separate from the ingested molecule. organism: Twelve healthy humans; dose-ranging subset of three tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma, erythrocytes and urine experimental_model: Randomized crossover absorption and metabolite study limitations: Small acute study; plasma concentration does not identify brain concentration or clinical response. Tea preparation was specific to this experiment. exposure: 100 mg theanine as capsule or green tea; subset 50 and 200 mg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23096008.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1696, "text_sha256": "0080959c2621f814538b812413bd295d2fdab96bc401c2ed1876fc2e1044406a"} [theanine-p23096008] Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096008/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166371
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.
L-Theanine → Mouse cerebral infarct size after focal ischemia source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"}
experimental_model
Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade
exposure
Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid
limitations
Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
This is an experimental injury outcome, not a demonstrated stroke treatment.
primary_references
[theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
tissue_or_cell_type
Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 432–443
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ischemia-protection Theanine reduced infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is an experimental injury outcome, not a demonstrated stroke treatment. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours experimental_model: Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade limitations: Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors. exposure: Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"} [theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
Complete structured claim and evidence
The theanine group had reduced light sleep compared with placebo in the trial.
L-Theanine → Device-estimated light sleep duration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
exposure
400 mg/day for 28 days
limitations
Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 healthy adults; 15 per group
plain_language
A decrease in a sleep measure is retained as an observation without automatically calling it better sleep.
primary_references
[theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1225–1236
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-light-sleep The theanine group had reduced light sleep compared with placebo in the trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A decrease in a sleep measure is retained as an observation without automatically calling it better sleep. organism: 30 healthy adults; 15 per group tissue_or_cell_type: Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit. exposure: 400 mg/day for 28 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"} [theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A1.
L-Theanine → Mouse EAAT3 / Slc1a1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 627–638
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc1a1 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A1. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A3.
L-Theanine → Mouse EAAT1 / Slc1a3 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 640–651
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc1a3 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A3. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A5.
L-Theanine → Mouse ASCT2 / Slc1a5 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 692–703
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc1a5 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A5. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC3A2.
L-Theanine → Mouse 4F2hc / Slc3a2 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 653–664
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc3a2 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC3A2. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC6A19.
L-Theanine → Mouse B0AT1 / Slc6a19 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 705–716
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc6a19 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC6A19. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A1.
L-Theanine → Mouse CAT1 / Slc7a1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 679–690
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc7a1 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A1. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A7.
L-Theanine → Mouse y+LAT1 / Slc7a7 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 666–677
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-intestinal-slc7a7 The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A7. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Each transporter remains searchable separately from the overall amino acid response. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine exposure was associated with mTOR pathway activation and phosphorylation of downstream S6 and S6K1 in mice.
L-Theanine → Mouse mechanistic target of rapamycin / Mtor source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"}
experimental_model
Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays
exposure
Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment
limitations
Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
The signaling pathway and transporter changes occurred together; that alone does not prove the pathway caused every change.
primary_references
[theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 718–729
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-mouse-mtor Theanine exposure was associated with mTOR pathway activation and phosphorylation of downstream S6 and S6K1 in mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The signaling pathway and transporter changes occurred together; that alone does not prove the pathway caused every change. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal amino acid transport and mTOR signaling experimental_model: Intestinal transporter and phosphorylation assays limitations: Transporter expression and mTOR pathway activation were associated. Without an intervention blocking the proposed pathway, dependency is not established; no human protein-absorption benefit inferred. exposure: Oral L-theanine supplementation in the mouse experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36615799.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "0bb37e6a5f3624dc13eb87705f21721a6cf7cc2151b0ecf87dedef2ff11c95be"} [theanine-p36615799] L-Theanine Regulates the Abundance of Amino Acid Transporters in Mice Duodenum and Jejunum via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36615799/ DOI: 10.3390/nu15010142
Complete structured claim and evidence
Prior theanine exposure favored neuronal lineage commitment while reducing astroglial specification in the cultured progenitors.
L-Theanine → Rat progenitor commitment to neuronal lineage source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"}
experimental_model
Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments
exposure
Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure
limitations
Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays
plain_language
The balance between two developmental fates changed in this model.
primary_references
[theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 354–365
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-neuronal-lineage Prior theanine exposure favored neuronal lineage commitment while reducing astroglial specification in the cultured progenitors. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The balance between two developmental fates changed in this model. organism: Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays tissue_or_cell_type: Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment experimental_model: Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments limitations: Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link. exposure: Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"} [theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
Complete structured claim and evidence
Sustained theanine increased neurosphere growth and MTT-reducing activity in rat progenitor cultures.
L-Theanine → Rat neural-progenitor neurosphere growth source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"}
experimental_model
Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments
exposure
Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure
limitations
Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays
plain_language
The experimental progenitor clusters grew; this is not a clinical brain-growth claim.
primary_references
[theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 341–352
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-neurospheres Sustained theanine increased neurosphere growth and MTT-reducing activity in rat progenitor cultures. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The experimental progenitor clusters grew; this is not a clinical brain-growth claim. organism: Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays tissue_or_cell_type: Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment experimental_model: Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments limitations: Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link. exposure: Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"} [theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine did not significantly reduce the primary peak-minus-baseline glucose endpoint.
L-Theanine → OGTT peak glucose increment over baseline source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/41845544.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34"}
experimental_model
Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study
exposure
300 mg theanine 15 minutes before OGTT; untreated visit always first
limitations
Not a randomized treatment order. Primary glucose endpoint was negative; urinary glucose and sodium trends were not statistically significant.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
39 healthy humans
plain_language
Animal transport mechanisms did not establish a significant human glucose effect in this trial.
primary_references
[theanine-p41845544] Clinical assessment of blood glucose responses to 300-mg dose of L-theanine, an amino acid unique to green tea, in a fixed-sequence, two-period trial. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41845544/ DOI: 10.1186/s40780-026-00562-6
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood glucose and urinary solutes
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1238–1249
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ogtt-null Theanine did not significantly reduce the primary peak-minus-baseline glucose endpoint. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Animal transport mechanisms did not establish a significant human glucose effect in this trial. organism: 39 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Blood glucose and urinary solutes experimental_model: Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study limitations: Not a randomized treatment order. Primary glucose endpoint was negative; urinary glucose and sodium trends were not statistically significant. exposure: 300 mg theanine 15 minutes before OGTT; untreated visit always first evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/41845544.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34"} [theanine-p41845544] Clinical assessment of blood glucose responses to 300-mg dose of L-theanine, an amino acid unique to green tea, in a fixed-sequence, two-period trial. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41845544/ DOI: 10.1186/s40780-026-00562-6
Complete structured claim and evidence
Cue-related phasic alpha modulation was unchanged in the experiment.
L-Theanine → Cue-related phasic alpha-band EEG response source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18841456.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2224, "text_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911"}
experimental_model
Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment
exposure
250 mg theanine
limitations
Small task-based EEG experiment. Alpha direction varies with task and recording context; it is not a universal marker of relaxation.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
13 healthy humans
plain_language
Background and task-evoked EEG activity are different endpoints.
primary_references
[theanine-p18841456] The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841456/ DOI: 10.1007/s10548-008-0068-z
tissue_or_cell_type
Tonic and cue-related alpha activity
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-phasic-alpha-null Cue-related phasic alpha modulation was unchanged in the experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Background and task-evoked EEG activity are different endpoints. organism: 13 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Tonic and cue-related alpha activity experimental_model: Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment limitations: Small task-based EEG experiment. Alpha direction varies with task and recording context; it is not a universal marker of relaxation. exposure: 250 mg theanine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18841456.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2224, "text_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911"} [theanine-p18841456] The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841456/ DOI: 10.1007/s10548-008-0068-z
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response in the tested normal/stressed rat pathways.
L-Theanine → Rat interleukin-10 expression source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"}
experimental_model
Receptor interaction and pathway assays
exposure
Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions
limitations
Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Normal and E44813-stressed rats
plain_language
A specific cytokine endpoint changed in the experiment; broad human immune benefit is not established.
primary_references
[theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
tissue_or_cell_type
CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 497–508
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor interaction and pathway assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-il10 Theanine increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response in the tested normal/stressed rat pathways. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A specific cytokine endpoint changed in the experiment; broad human immune benefit is not established. organism: Normal and E44813-stressed rats tissue_or_cell_type: CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation experimental_model: Receptor interaction and pathway assays limitations: Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred. exposure: Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"} [theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced intestinal FABP2 expression in rats.
L-Theanine → Rat intestinal fatty acid-binding protein / Fabp2 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 614–625
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-fabp2 Theanine reduced intestinal FABP2 expression in rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced intestinal FFAR4 expression in rats.
L-Theanine → Rat GPR120 / Ffar4 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 601–612
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-ffar4 Theanine reduced intestinal FFAR4 expression in rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased intestinal SLC16A10 expression in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat TAT1 / Slc16a10 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 562–573
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc16a10 Theanine increased intestinal SLC16A10 expression in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A1 expression in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat EAAT3 / Slc1a1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 575–586
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc1a1 Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A1 expression in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A5 expression in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat ASCT2 / Slc1a5 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 549–560
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc1a5 Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A5 expression in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced intestinal SLC2A5 expression in rats.
L-Theanine → Rat GLUT5 / Slc2a5 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 588–599
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc2a5 Theanine reduced intestinal SLC2A5 expression in rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A change in a transporter, lipid-binding protein or nutrient sensor is not proof of a specific clinical malabsorption syndrome. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A1 expression in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat cationic amino acid transporter 1 / Slc7a1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 523–534
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc7a1 Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A1 expression in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A9 expression in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat b0,+ amino acid transporter subunit / Slc7a9 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"}
experimental_model
Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression
exposure
50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks
limitations
Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling.
primary_references
[theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
tissue_or_cell_type
Jejunum and ileum
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 536–547
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-intestinal-slc7a9 Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A9 expression in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This independently indexed transporter connects theanine exposure to amino acid handling. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and ileum experimental_model: Oral supplementation and intestinal gene expression limitations: Transporter expression is not a direct measure of human nutrient absorption. GLUT5 transports fructose; the source discussion must not be generalized to all glucose transport. exposure: 50, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for two weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/28812027.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1090, "text_sha256": "7bce162b73781af5a8b1da3b4e4d4dc596e65f8c54ed32d6611174c87a224f4d"} [theanine-p28812027] L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812027/ DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine decreased TNF-alpha expression in experimentally stressed rats.
L-Theanine → Rat TNF-alpha expression source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"}
experimental_model
Receptor interaction and pathway assays
exposure
Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions
limitations
Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Normal and E44813-stressed rats
plain_language
Inflammatory signaling is recorded separately from glutamine metabolism.
primary_references
[theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
tissue_or_cell_type
CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 510–521
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor interaction and pathway assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-rat-tnf Theanine decreased TNF-alpha expression in experimentally stressed rats. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Inflammatory signaling is recorded separately from glutamine metabolism. organism: Normal and E44813-stressed rats tissue_or_cell_type: CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation experimental_model: Receptor interaction and pathway assays limitations: Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred. exposure: Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"} [theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
Complete structured claim and evidence
Brain serotonin and 5-HIAA decreased after theanine in this rat experiment.
L-Theanine → Rat brain serotonin content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/9614715.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 364, "text_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2"}
experimental_model
Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors
exposure
Theanine administration; inhibitor-based interpretation
limitations
Do not generalize to human mood or claim serotonin always rises. Decreased synthesis/increased degradation were proposed from inhibitor experiments.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
The direction was not the often-claimed universal increase in serotonin.
primary_references
[theanine-p9614715] Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614715/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.816
tissue_or_cell_type
Brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 406–417
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-serotonin-decrease Brain serotonin and 5-HIAA decreased after theanine in this rat experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The direction was not the often-claimed universal increase in serotonin. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism experimental_model: Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors limitations: Do not generalize to human mood or claim serotonin always rises. Decreased synthesis/increased degradation were proposed from inhibitor experiments. exposure: Theanine administration; inhibitor-based interpretation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/9614715.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 364, "text_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2"} [theanine-p9614715] Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614715/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.816
Complete structured claim and evidence
The subjective sleep disturbances PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo.
L-Theanine → Subjective sleep disturbance score source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/31623400.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1494, "text_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af"}
experimental_model
Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
exposure
200 mg/day for four weeks
limitations
Small study and multiple endpoints. Within-group mood or cognition improvements are not automatically placebo-controlled effects.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 adults without major psychiatric illness
plain_language
This records a questionnaire subscale, not a measured increase in deep sleep.
primary_references
[theanine-p31623400] Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/ DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362
tissue_or_cell_type
Subjective sleep questionnaires
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1095–1106
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-sleep-disturbance The subjective sleep disturbances PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This records a questionnaire subscale, not a measured increase in deep sleep. organism: 30 adults without major psychiatric illness tissue_or_cell_type: Subjective sleep questionnaires experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Small study and multiple endpoints. Within-group mood or cognition improvements are not automatically placebo-controlled effects. exposure: 200 mg/day for four weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/31623400.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1494, "text_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af"} [theanine-p31623400] Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/ DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362
Complete structured claim and evidence
The subjective sleep latency PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo.
L-Theanine → Sleep latency, measurement specified by study source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/31623400.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1494, "text_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af"}
experimental_model
Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial
exposure
200 mg/day for four weeks
limitations
Small study and multiple endpoints. Within-group mood or cognition improvements are not automatically placebo-controlled effects.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 adults without major psychiatric illness
plain_language
This records a questionnaire subscale, not a measured increase in deep sleep.
primary_references
[theanine-p31623400] Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/ DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362
tissue_or_cell_type
Subjective sleep questionnaires
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1082–1093
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-sleep-latency The subjective sleep latency PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This records a questionnaire subscale, not a measured increase in deep sleep. organism: 30 adults without major psychiatric illness tissue_or_cell_type: Subjective sleep questionnaires experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Small study and multiple endpoints. Within-group mood or cognition improvements are not automatically placebo-controlled effects. exposure: 200 mg/day for four weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/31623400.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1494, "text_sha256": "e3120b65030838e8e5c127d357dffecc43605422d36545b0393cda9fd9f6b4af"} [theanine-p31623400] Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/ DOI: 10.3390/nu11102362
Complete structured claim and evidence
The theanine group had reduced time asleep compared with placebo in the trial.
L-Theanine → Actigraphic time asleep source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
exposure
400 mg/day for 28 days
limitations
Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 healthy adults; 15 per group
plain_language
A decrease in a sleep measure is retained as an observation without automatically calling it better sleep.
primary_references
[theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1212–1223
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-sleep-time The theanine group had reduced time asleep compared with placebo in the trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A decrease in a sleep measure is retained as an observation without automatically calling it better sleep. organism: 30 healthy adults; 15 per group tissue_or_cell_type: Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit. exposure: 400 mg/day for 28 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"} [theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine selectively increased Slc38a1 expression in cultured rat neural progenitors.
L-Theanine → Rat glutamine transporter SNAT1 / Slc38a1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"}
experimental_model
Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments
exposure
Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure
limitations
Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays
plain_language
Sustained exposure can change transporter expression, distinct from acute uptake competition.
primary_references
[theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 328–339
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-snat1-expression Theanine selectively increased Slc38a1 expression in cultured rat neural progenitors. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Sustained exposure can change transporter expression, distinct from acute uptake competition. organism: Embryonic rat neural progenitors; mouse P19 reporter cells in separate assays tissue_or_cell_type: Progenitor proliferation and lineage commitment experimental_model: Sustained exposure, neurospheres and promoter-reporter experiments limitations: Immature cells differ from mature neurons/astroglia. Expression changes are not demonstrated neurogenesis in adult humans; reporter experiments do not prove every causal link. exposure: Theanine 1-100 micromolar; sustained culture exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/25957749.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1727, "text_sha256": "7ebc4fc37f26e19c2d7fb13442e263182e628beda7286839f7d0de0906d59f8e"} [theanine-p25957749] Upregulation of Slc38a1 Gene Along with Promotion of Neurosphere Growth and Subsequent Neuronal Specification in Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Theanine. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957749/ DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1591-4
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine uptake was mostly sodium independent in the cell-line screen supporting system L transport.
L-Theanine → Cellular L-theanine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"}
experimental_model
Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression
exposure
Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement
limitations
Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells
plain_language
Sodium dependence varies with the transport system and cell model.
primary_references
[theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
tissue_or_cell_type
System L amino acid transport
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 211–222
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-sodium-independent-system-l Theanine uptake was mostly sodium independent in the cell-line screen supporting system L transport. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Sodium dependence varies with the transport system and cell model. organism: Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: System L amino acid transport experimental_model: Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression limitations: Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction. exposure: Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"} [theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced the heart-rate response to the laboratory stress task.
L-Theanine → Heart-rate response to acute psychological stress source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/16930802.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1257, "text_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834"}
experimental_model
Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment
exposure
Theanine before mental arithmetic stress
limitations
Small experimental stress study. Sympathetic modulation was inferred; direct receptor mechanism was not established.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
12 humans
plain_language
An acute physiological response was measured, not a diagnosis or long-term treatment effect.
primary_references
[theanine-p16930802] L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006
tissue_or_cell_type
Heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1056–1067
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-stress-heart-rate Theanine reduced the heart-rate response to the laboratory stress task. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An acute physiological response was measured, not a diagnosis or long-term treatment effect. organism: 12 humans tissue_or_cell_type: Heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A experimental_model: Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment limitations: Small experimental stress study. Sympathetic modulation was inferred; direct receptor mechanism was not established. exposure: Theanine before mental arithmetic stress evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/16930802.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1257, "text_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834"} [theanine-p16930802] L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced the salivary IgA response to acute stress.
L-Theanine → Salivary IgA response to acute psychological stress source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/16930802.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1257, "text_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834"}
experimental_model
Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment
exposure
Theanine before mental arithmetic stress
limitations
Small experimental stress study. Sympathetic modulation was inferred; direct receptor mechanism was not established.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
12 humans
plain_language
A smaller stress-associated IgA response is not the same as generalized immune suppression.
primary_references
[theanine-p16930802] L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006
tissue_or_cell_type
Heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1069–1080
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-stress-iga Theanine reduced the salivary IgA response to acute stress. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A smaller stress-associated IgA response is not the same as generalized immune suppression. organism: 12 humans tissue_or_cell_type: Heart rate and salivary immunoglobulin A experimental_model: Acute laboratory mental-stress experiment limitations: Small experimental stress study. Sympathetic modulation was inferred; direct receptor mechanism was not established. exposure: Theanine before mental arithmetic stress evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/16930802.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1257, "text_sha256": "31dbb84c1297b65782bcb68a3408ca09cfeaf9e43ce03503303e1596bd2fe834"} [theanine-p16930802] L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006
Complete structured claim and evidence
Perceived stress fell approximately 17.98% with theanine and 17.88% with placebo.
L-Theanine → Perceived Stress Scale score source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
exposure
400 mg/day for 28 days
limitations
Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
30 healthy adults; 15 per group
plain_language
Almost identical within-group changes cannot substantiate a unique treatment benefit.
primary_references
[theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1186–1197
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-stress-similar-changes Perceived stress fell approximately 17.98% with theanine and 17.88% with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Almost identical within-group changes cannot substantiate a unique treatment benefit. organism: 30 healthy adults; 15 per group tissue_or_cell_type: Stress, salivary cortisol and sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small sample and several endpoints. Similar within-group stress reductions are not evidence of placebo-controlled superiority; less sleep is not inherently a benefit. exposure: 400 mg/day for 28 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/38758503.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2433, "text_sha256": "aebe7d7493418c65df97e44dd0e07e73f806204c025277f339e4fa99048d13cc"} [theanine-p38758503] Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine Supplementation for 28 Days in Healthy Adults with Moderate Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758503/ DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
The active arm had a smaller salivary alpha-amylase change 15 minutes after stress than placebo.
L-Theanine → Salivary alpha-amylase stress response source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36596553.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1550, "text_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245"}
experimental_model
Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial
exposure
200 mg theanine; 200 mg theanine plus 50 mg arginine; placebo
limitations
Short stress challenge. Both active arms differed from placebo, but combination versus theanine alone did not (p=0.74); no established synergy.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
120 healthy young adults
plain_language
This is a measured stress marker, not proof of treatment for an anxiety disorder.
primary_references
[theanine-p36596553] Effect of Combined Ingestion of L-Theanine and L-Arginine for Short-Term Psychological Stress in Young Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596553/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.540
tissue_or_cell_type
Salivary alpha-amylase after mental stress
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 900–911
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-stress-theanine The active arm had a smaller salivary alpha-amylase change 15 minutes after stress than placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured stress marker, not proof of treatment for an anxiety disorder. organism: 120 healthy young adults tissue_or_cell_type: Salivary alpha-amylase after mental stress experimental_model: Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial limitations: Short stress challenge. Both active arms differed from placebo, but combination versus theanine alone did not (p=0.74); no established synergy. exposure: 200 mg theanine; 200 mg theanine plus 50 mg arginine; placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36596553.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1550, "text_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245"} [theanine-p36596553] Effect of Combined Ingestion of L-Theanine and L-Arginine for Short-Term Psychological Stress in Young Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596553/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.540
Complete structured claim and evidence
Local striatal theanine administration increased extracellular glycine.
L-Theanine → Rat striatal extracellular glycine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"}
experimental_model
In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists
exposure
Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists
limitations
Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Conscious rats
plain_language
A measured local transmitter response is distinct from the effect of drinking tea.
primary_references
[theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 367–378
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-striatal-glycine Local striatal theanine administration increased extracellular glycine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A measured local transmitter response is distinct from the effect of drinking tea. organism: Conscious rats tissue_or_cell_type: Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters experimental_model: In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists limitations: Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding. exposure: Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"} [theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine alone increased headache ratings in the acute experiment.
L-Theanine → Subjective headache rating source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment
exposure
250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo
limitations
Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Healthy adults
plain_language
Unfavorable findings remain visible alongside potential benefits.
primary_references
[theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
tissue_or_cell_type
Cognition and subjective state
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 965–976
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-theanine-headache Theanine alone increased headache ratings in the acute experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Unfavorable findings remain visible alongside potential benefits. organism: Healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Cognition and subjective state experimental_model: Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment limitations: Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine. exposure: 250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"} [theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine alone reduced correct serial-seven subtraction responses in the reported experiment.
L-Theanine → Serial subtraction performance source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment
exposure
250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo
limitations
Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Healthy adults
plain_language
Not every measured cognitive effect was favorable.
primary_references
[theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
tissue_or_cell_type
Cognition and subjective state
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 952–963
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-theanine-serial-seven Theanine alone reduced correct serial-seven subtraction responses in the reported experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Not every measured cognitive effect was favorable. organism: Healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Cognition and subjective state experimental_model: Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment limitations: Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine. exposure: 250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"} [theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine reduced background tonic alpha activity during the attention experiment.
L-Theanine → Task-related tonic alpha-band EEG power source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18841456.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2224, "text_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911"}
experimental_model
Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment
exposure
250 mg theanine
limitations
Small task-based EEG experiment. Alpha direction varies with task and recording context; it is not a universal marker of relaxation.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
13 healthy humans
plain_language
Theanine does not invariably increase every measure of alpha waves.
primary_references
[theanine-p18841456] The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841456/ DOI: 10.1007/s10548-008-0068-z
tissue_or_cell_type
Tonic and cue-related alpha activity
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-tonic-alpha Theanine reduced background tonic alpha activity during the attention experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Theanine does not invariably increase every measure of alpha waves. organism: 13 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Tonic and cue-related alpha activity experimental_model: Counterbalanced visuospatial attention and EEG experiment limitations: Small task-based EEG experiment. Alpha direction varies with task and recording context; it is not a universal marker of relaxation. exposure: 250 mg theanine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18841456.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2224, "text_sha256": "ce2d441698792fe97dc093de2cd5758a3ccf088d3333151f302f06aea776f911"} [theanine-p18841456] The effects of L-theanine on alpha-band oscillatory brain activity during a visuo-spatial attention task. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841456/ DOI: 10.1007/s10548-008-0068-z
Complete structured claim and evidence
Brain tryptophan increased or tended to increase despite lower serotonin in the rat study.
L-Theanine → Rat brain tryptophan content source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/9614715.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 364, "text_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2"}
experimental_model
Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors
exposure
Theanine administration; inhibitor-based interpretation
limitations
Do not generalize to human mood or claim serotonin always rises. Decreased synthesis/increased degradation were proposed from inhibitor experiments.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rats
plain_language
More precursor does not guarantee more downstream neurotransmitter.
primary_references
[theanine-p9614715] Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614715/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.816
tissue_or_cell_type
Brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 419–430
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-tryptophan-pool Brain tryptophan increased or tended to increase despite lower serotonin in the rat study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More precursor does not guarantee more downstream neurotransmitter. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism experimental_model: Brain monoamine assays and metabolism inhibitors limitations: Do not generalize to human mood or claim serotonin always rises. Decreased synthesis/increased degradation were proposed from inhibitor experiments. exposure: Theanine administration; inhibitor-based interpretation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/9614715.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 364, "text_sha256": "3ca01512b37779ba52ca0ebc23bcf73bb8c37df0756d8cf0c7d0a0de07e352a2"} [theanine-p9614715] Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614715/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.816
Complete structured claim and evidence
Urinary glutamate, aspartate and several other amino acids increased during the theanine visit.
L-Theanine → Urinary amino acid excretion source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/41845544.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34"}
experimental_model
Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study
exposure
300 mg theanine 15 minutes before OGTT; untreated visit always first
limitations
Not a randomized treatment order. Primary glucose endpoint was negative; urinary glucose and sodium trends were not statistically significant.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
39 healthy humans
plain_language
A urinary change does not by itself establish nutritional deficiency or tissue depletion.
primary_references
[theanine-p41845544] Clinical assessment of blood glucose responses to 300-mg dose of L-theanine, an amino acid unique to green tea, in a fixed-sequence, two-period trial. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41845544/ DOI: 10.1186/s40780-026-00562-6
tissue_or_cell_type
Blood glucose and urinary solutes
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 1251–1262
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-urinary-amino-acids Urinary glutamate, aspartate and several other amino acids increased during the theanine visit. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A urinary change does not by itself establish nutritional deficiency or tissue depletion. organism: 39 healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Blood glucose and urinary solutes experimental_model: Fixed-sequence two-period oral glucose tolerance study limitations: Not a randomized treatment order. Primary glucose endpoint was negative; urinary glucose and sodium trends were not statistically significant. exposure: 300 mg theanine 15 minutes before OGTT; untreated visit always first evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/41845544.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "c52235640bebf5a00b45b96dd1af1bf1c6cc102cef6a1707711314f870b08e34"} [theanine-p41845544] Clinical assessment of blood glucose responses to 300-mg dose of L-theanine, an amino acid unique to green tea, in a fixed-sequence, two-period trial. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41845544/ DOI: 10.1186/s40780-026-00562-6
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine improved visual recognition reaction time in this small acute study; caffeine and the combination also improved it.
L-Theanine → Visual recognition reaction time source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/26869148.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813, "text_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60"}
experimental_model
Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment
exposure
200 mg theanine, 160 mg caffeine, combination, tea and placebo
limitations
Small acute study. Larger combination effects were interpreted as additive; statistical interaction was not significant.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
20 healthy men
plain_language
Results are tied to a particular task and population.
primary_references
[theanine-p26869148] Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26869148/ DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144845
tissue_or_cell_type
Reaction time and event-related potentials
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 991–1002
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-visual-recognition Theanine improved visual recognition reaction time in this small acute study; caffeine and the combination also improved it. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Results are tied to a particular task and population. organism: 20 healthy men tissue_or_cell_type: Reaction time and event-related potentials experimental_model: Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment limitations: Small acute study. Larger combination effects were interpreted as additive; statistical interaction was not significant. exposure: 200 mg theanine, 160 mg caffeine, combination, tea and placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/26869148.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813, "text_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60"} [theanine-p26869148] Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26869148/ DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144845
Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

Human LAT1 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 / LAT1 / SLC7A5 → L-Theanine source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"}
experimental_model
Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression
exposure
Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement
limitations
Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells
plain_language
The same amino acid has more than one identified transport route.
primary_references
[theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
tissue_or_cell_type
System L amino acid transport
transport_effect
raises Recorded as theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
transport_pool
the expressing cell Recorded as theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 172–183
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-lat1-transport Human LAT1 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The same amino acid has more than one identified transport route. organism: Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: System L amino acid transport experimental_model: Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression limitations: Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction. exposure: Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"} [theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
Complete structured claim and evidence
Human LAT2 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
Human L-type amino acid transporter 2 / LAT2 / SLC7A8 → L-Theanine source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"}
experimental_model
Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression
exposure
Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement
limitations
Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells
plain_language
The same amino acid has more than one identified transport route.
primary_references
[theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
tissue_or_cell_type
System L amino acid transport
transport_effect
raises Recorded as theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
transport_pool
the expressing cell Recorded as theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 185–196
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-lat2-transport Human LAT2 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The same amino acid has more than one identified transport route. organism: Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: System L amino acid transport experimental_model: Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression limitations: Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction. exposure: Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"} [theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified phosphate-dependent glutaminase showed no theanine-degrading activity in the same study.
Rat phosphate-dependent glutaminase preparation, isoform unresolved → L-Theanine source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12595072.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1324, "text_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e"}
experimental_model
Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays
exposure
Theanine and glutamine substrates; phosphate-dependent versus independent preparations
limitations
Assay-defined enzyme identity is not assigned to human GLS or GLS2. Rat tissue distribution does not prove the human kidney is the exclusive metabolic site.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Wistar rat tissue and purified enzyme preparations
plain_language
Closely named enzyme activities were not interchangeable.
primary_references
[theanine-p12595072] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595072/ DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00504-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Kidney hydrolysis and gamma-glutamyl transfer
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 159–170
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-renal-dependent-null Purified phosphate-dependent glutaminase showed no theanine-degrading activity in the same study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Closely named enzyme activities were not interchangeable. organism: Wistar rat tissue and purified enzyme preparations tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney hydrolysis and gamma-glutamyl transfer experimental_model: Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays limitations: Assay-defined enzyme identity is not assigned to human GLS or GLS2. Rat tissue distribution does not prove the human kidney is the exclusive metabolic site. exposure: Theanine and glutamine substrates; phosphate-dependent versus independent preparations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12595072.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1324, "text_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e"} [theanine-p12595072] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595072/ DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00504-4
Complete structured claim and evidence
Theanine-degrading activity copurified with rat renal phosphate-independent glutaminase activity.
Rat renal phosphate-independent glutaminase preparation, gene identity unresolved → L-Theanine source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12595072.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1324, "text_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e"}
experimental_model
Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays
exposure
Theanine and glutamine substrates; phosphate-dependent versus independent preparations
limitations
Assay-defined enzyme identity is not assigned to human GLS or GLS2. Rat tissue distribution does not prove the human kidney is the exclusive metabolic site.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Wistar rat tissue and purified enzyme preparations
plain_language
One renal enzyme preparation broke down theanine; it must not be confused with every glutaminase.
primary_references
[theanine-p12595072] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595072/ DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00504-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Kidney hydrolysis and gamma-glutamyl transfer
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 146–157
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-renal-enzyme Theanine-degrading activity copurified with rat renal phosphate-independent glutaminase activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One renal enzyme preparation broke down theanine; it must not be confused with every glutaminase. organism: Wistar rat tissue and purified enzyme preparations tissue_or_cell_type: Kidney hydrolysis and gamma-glutamyl transfer experimental_model: Renal enzyme purification and substrate-specificity assays limitations: Assay-defined enzyme identity is not assigned to human GLS or GLS2. Rat tissue distribution does not prove the human kidney is the exclusive metabolic site. exposure: Theanine and glutamine substrates; phosphate-dependent versus independent preparations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12595072.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1324, "text_sha256": "8a9ae8e6ba86ea3e06440e972c30ca28685032dc3b9cd74c2d98311715c2435e"} [theanine-p12595072] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595072/ DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00504-4
Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

An AMPA antagonist inhibited the local neurotransmitter effects attributed to theanine.
Rat AMPA-type glutamate receptors, subunits unresolved → Rat striatal extracellular dopamine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"}
experimental_model
In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists
exposure
Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists
limitations
Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Conscious rats
plain_language
Another receptor family affected the response; this is not evidence of a universal dopamine increase.
primary_references
[theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 393–404
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ampa-striatum An AMPA antagonist inhibited the local neurotransmitter effects attributed to theanine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another receptor family affected the response; this is not evidence of a universal dopamine increase. organism: Conscious rats tissue_or_cell_type: Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters experimental_model: In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists limitations: Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding. exposure: Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"} [theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
The mixture group improved clinician-rated tics more than psychoeducation in the open-label trial.
L-Theanine plus vitamin B6, study-specific combination → Clinician-rated tic severity source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/35215501.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68809f3eaf29616aa35c472872e3c510e0c8aaf23e8880c43a91f363eaad5ea2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1576, "text_sha256": "68809f3eaf29616aa35c472872e3c510e0c8aaf23e8880c43a91f363eaad5ea2"}
experimental_model
Randomized open-label comparative trial
exposure
Theanine plus vitamin B6 versus psychoeducation
limitations
No blinded placebo and no single-ingredient arms. Cannot attribute the effect to either ingredient or prove biochemical synergy.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
34 children with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder and anxiety
plain_language
This preliminary combination result does not show that B6 makes theanine work in everyone.
primary_references
[theanine-p35215501] Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215501/ DOI: 10.3390/nu14040852
tissue_or_cell_type
Clinician-rated tics and anxiety
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 874–885
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized open-label comparative trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-b6-mixture-tics The mixture group improved clinician-rated tics more than psychoeducation in the open-label trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This preliminary combination result does not show that B6 makes theanine work in everyone. organism: 34 children with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder and anxiety tissue_or_cell_type: Clinician-rated tics and anxiety experimental_model: Randomized open-label comparative trial limitations: No blinded placebo and no single-ingredient arms. Cannot attribute the effect to either ingredient or prove biochemical synergy. exposure: Theanine plus vitamin B6 versus psychoeducation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/35215501.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68809f3eaf29616aa35c472872e3c510e0c8aaf23e8880c43a91f363eaad5ea2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1576, "text_sha256": "68809f3eaf29616aa35c472872e3c510e0c8aaf23e8880c43a91f363eaad5ea2"} [theanine-p35215501] Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215501/ DOI: 10.3390/nu14040852
Complete structured claim and evidence
The combination produced greater N2-P300 amplitude than either single ingredient in the experiment.
L-Theanine plus caffeine, study-specific combination → Attention-task N2-P300 event-related potential amplitude source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/26869148.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813, "text_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60"}
experimental_model
Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment
exposure
200 mg theanine, 160 mg caffeine, combination, tea and placebo
limitations
Small acute study. Larger combination effects were interpreted as additive; statistical interaction was not significant.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
20 healthy men
plain_language
A stronger combined response does not by itself prove synergy.
primary_references
[theanine-p26869148] Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26869148/ DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144845
tissue_or_cell_type
Reaction time and event-related potentials
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 978–989
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-caffeine-n2-p300 The combination produced greater N2-P300 amplitude than either single ingredient in the experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A stronger combined response does not by itself prove synergy. organism: 20 healthy men tissue_or_cell_type: Reaction time and event-related potentials experimental_model: Five-way crossover visual discrimination experiment limitations: Small acute study. Larger combination effects were interpreted as additive; statistical interaction was not significant. exposure: 200 mg theanine, 160 mg caffeine, combination, tea and placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/26869148.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813, "text_sha256": "9e57a4cbb05f109037735324857cc3fc4ac55dd8cb76f50979e820a1da52bd60"} [theanine-p26869148] Acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26869148/ DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144845
Complete structured claim and evidence
The theanine-caffeine combination improved simple reaction time in the acute crossover experiment.
L-Theanine plus caffeine, study-specific combination → Simple reaction time source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment
exposure
250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo
limitations
Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Healthy adults
plain_language
A specific test result is more precise than a claim of globally improved intelligence.
primary_references
[theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
tissue_or_cell_type
Cognition and subjective state
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 939–950
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-caffeine-simple-reaction The theanine-caffeine combination improved simple reaction time in the acute crossover experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A specific test result is more precise than a claim of globally improved intelligence. organism: Healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Cognition and subjective state experimental_model: Randomized double-blind balanced crossover experiment limitations: Acute effects depend on task and treatment. Benefits of the mixture do not establish synergy for all outcomes or neutralization of caffeine. exposure: 250 mg theanine, 150 mg caffeine, combination and placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18006208.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1386, "text_sha256": "387d341f5aec1fb42bed06021ceb14cc8b49bfdf0f5502284a98806ca732cbdf"} [theanine-p18006208] The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008
Complete structured claim and evidence
The authors linked CB1 antagonism to ERK-dependent regulation of glutamine synthetase in rats, with different ERK responses in normal and stressed conditions.
Rat cannabinoid receptor 1 / Cnr1 → Rat glutamine synthetase / Glul source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"}
experimental_model
Receptor interaction and pathway assays
exposure
Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions
limitations
Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Normal and E44813-stressed rats
plain_language
Receptor signaling connects to the enzyme that makes glutamine; the direction depends on context.
primary_references
[theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
tissue_or_cell_type
CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 484–495
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor interaction and pathway assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-cb1-gs The authors linked CB1 antagonism to ERK-dependent regulation of glutamine synthetase in rats, with different ERK responses in normal and stressed conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Receptor signaling connects to the enzyme that makes glutamine; the direction depends on context. organism: Normal and E44813-stressed rats tissue_or_cell_type: CB1-associated immune and glutamine regulation experimental_model: Receptor interaction and pathway assays limitations: Preclinical CB1-binding claim requires independent confirmation at human exposures; signaling direction differed between normal and stressed rats. No equivalence to cannabinoid drugs inferred. exposure: Theanine; normal versus experimental stress conditions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34037653.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "c792377afacbf5a17e93e4675a4a28ee6849d0288bfc09ad53a2377a0bb982b1"} [theanine-p34037653] L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34037653/ DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g
Complete structured claim and evidence
The cystine-theanine mixture reduced diarrhea in the mouse chemotherapy model.
L-Cystine plus L-theanine, study-specific combination → Chemotherapy-associated diarrhea source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"}
experimental_model
Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment
exposure
Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure
limitations
Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context.
primary_references
[theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 783–794
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ct-diarrhea The cystine-theanine mixture reduced diarrhea in the mouse chemotherapy model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury experimental_model: Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment limitations: Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen. exposure: Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"} [theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
Complete structured claim and evidence
The cystine-theanine mixture restored the intestinal GSH/GSSG ratio during 5-fluorouracil exposure.
L-Cystine plus L-theanine, study-specific combination → Small-intestinal mucosal GSH/GSSG ratio source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"}
experimental_model
Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment
exposure
Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure
limitations
Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context.
primary_references
[theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 757–768
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ct-redox The cystine-theanine mixture restored the intestinal GSH/GSSG ratio during 5-fluorouracil exposure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury experimental_model: Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment limitations: Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen. exposure: Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"} [theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
Complete structured claim and evidence
The cystine-theanine mixture reduced reactive oxygen species in intestinal crypts.
L-Cystine plus L-theanine, study-specific combination → Intestinal crypt reactive oxygen species production source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"}
experimental_model
Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment
exposure
Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure
limitations
Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context.
primary_references
[theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 770–781
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ct-ros The cystine-theanine mixture reduced reactive oxygen species in intestinal crypts. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result belongs to the tested two-ingredient mixture and its chemotherapy context. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal redox balance and crypt injury experimental_model: Chemotherapy-associated intestinal injury experiment limitations: Combination product, not isolated theanine. Preservation of antitumor activity in the tested model does not establish compatibility with every human chemotherapy regimen. exposure: Cystine plus theanine during 5-fluorouracil exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/34922485.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1703, "text_sha256": "5828410d2c083fec47a3c7e1907b801a2dc616dbbb7e5ed36e59d503bceeb282"} [theanine-p34922485] Oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and diarrhea by suppressing both glutathione level decrease and ROS production in the small intestine of mucositis mouse model. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922485/ DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09057-z
Complete structured claim and evidence
Cystine plus theanine increased splenic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA in aged mice.
L-Cystine plus L-theanine, study-specific combination → Splenic glutathione-synthesis gene expression source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/19940390.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1fddde12da03a7fd75a7415e00207f4ac2c34c9215ab504ea1b3735e36db3a26", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "1fddde12da03a7fd75a7415e00207f4ac2c34c9215ab504ea1b3735e36db3a26"}
experimental_model
Aged-animal influenza challenge and immunization
exposure
Oral cystine plus theanine before influenza challenge
limitations
Animal combination study; enzyme-subunit identity is not inferred from the generic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase wording. No proof theanine alone prevents human influenza.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Aged mice
plain_language
Precursor supplementation was linked to expression of glutathione-synthesis machinery, not proof of every downstream antioxidant benefit.
primary_references
[theanine-p19940390] Combined administration of (L)-cystine and (L)-theanine enhances immune functions and protects against influenza virus infection in aged mice. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19940390/ DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0067
tissue_or_cell_type
Spleen and lung
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 796–807
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aged-animal influenza challenge and immunization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-ct-splenic-expression Cystine plus theanine increased splenic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA in aged mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Precursor supplementation was linked to expression of glutathione-synthesis machinery, not proof of every downstream antioxidant benefit. organism: Aged mice tissue_or_cell_type: Spleen and lung experimental_model: Aged-animal influenza challenge and immunization limitations: Animal combination study; enzyme-subunit identity is not inferred from the generic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase wording. No proof theanine alone prevents human influenza. exposure: Oral cystine plus theanine before influenza challenge evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/19940390.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1fddde12da03a7fd75a7415e00207f4ac2c34c9215ab504ea1b3735e36db3a26", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1786, "text_sha256": "1fddde12da03a7fd75a7415e00207f4ac2c34c9215ab504ea1b3735e36db3a26"} [theanine-p19940390] Combined administration of (L)-cystine and (L)-theanine enhances immune functions and protects against influenza virus infection in aged mice. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19940390/ DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0067
Complete structured claim and evidence
Bicuculline prevented theanine-associated protection in the mouse ischemia model.
Mouse GABA-A receptors, subunits unresolved → Mouse cerebral infarct size after focal ischemia source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"}
experimental_model
Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade
exposure
Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid
limitations
Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
The receptor mattered to this response, but the experiment did not establish direct receptor agonism.
primary_references
[theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
tissue_or_cell_type
Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 445–456
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gaba-a-blockade Bicuculline prevented theanine-associated protection in the mouse ischemia model. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The receptor mattered to this response, but the experiment did not establish direct receptor agonism. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours experimental_model: Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade limitations: Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors. exposure: Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"} [theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
Complete structured claim and evidence
The glutamate-decarboxylase inhibitor did not prevent theanine protection in the tested mouse model.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid → Mouse cerebral infarct size after focal ischemia source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"}
experimental_model
Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade
exposure
Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid
limitations
Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mice
plain_language
Receptor dependence cannot be simplified to proof that newly synthesized GABA caused the effect.
primary_references
[theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
tissue_or_cell_type
Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 458–469
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gad-inhibitor-null The glutamate-decarboxylase inhibitor did not prevent theanine protection in the tested mouse model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Receptor dependence cannot be simplified to proof that newly synthesized GABA caused the effect. organism: Mice tissue_or_cell_type: Cerebral infarct size at 24 hours experimental_model: Focal cerebral ischemia and pharmacological pathway blockade limitations: Preclinical acute brain injury, not human stroke treatment or proof theanine directly activates GABA-A receptors. exposure: Theanine 1 mg/kg; four-hour MCA occlusion; bicuculline or 3-mercaptopropionic acid evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/17928735.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 696, "text_sha256": "5568750575b7baedd13ae86dfa48298b5332447016c7b979f6fedf865ce00db3"} [theanine-p17928735] Involvement of GABA(A) receptors in the neuroprotective effect of theanine on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928735/ DOI: 10.1254/jphs.scz070901
Complete structured claim and evidence
Glutamine inhibited theanine accumulation in rat brain synaptosomal fractions.
L-Glutamine → Cellular L-theanine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"}
experimental_model
Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells
exposure
Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release
limitations
High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat neurons and astroglia
plain_language
The competition was observed in both directions.
primary_references
[theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
tissue_or_cell_type
Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 250–261
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-gln-reciprocal Glutamine inhibited theanine accumulation in rat brain synaptosomal fractions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The competition was observed in both directions. organism: Rat neurons and astroglia tissue_or_cell_type: Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate experimental_model: Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells limitations: High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent. exposure: Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"} [theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
Complete structured claim and evidence
Strychnine reduced the theanine-induced dopamine response in rat striatum.
Rat striatal glycine receptors, subunits unresolved → Rat striatal extracellular dopamine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"}
experimental_model
In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists
exposure
Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists
limitations
Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Conscious rats
plain_language
The glycine-receptor pathway participated in the dopamine response.
primary_references
[theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 380–391
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-glycine-dopamine Strychnine reduced the theanine-induced dopamine response in rat striatum. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The glycine-receptor pathway participated in the dopamine response. organism: Conscious rats tissue_or_cell_type: Striatal extracellular neurotransmitters experimental_model: In-vivo striatal microdialysis with receptor antagonists limitations: Direct brain dosing bypasses oral absorption and blood-brain-barrier transport. Antagonist sensitivity identifies pathway involvement, not necessarily direct theanine binding. exposure: Local brain theanine administration; glycine and AMPA antagonists evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18196445.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1118, "text_sha256": "59fdaf94d59c2f4b2981c29cd2981c043351aae1299a59a19e29979076957839"} [theanine-p18196445] Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, modulates neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain striatum interstitium in conscious rats. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196445/ DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0020-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
Leucine inhibited theanine uptake in the tested mammalian cell systems.
L-Leucine → Cellular L-theanine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"}
experimental_model
Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression
exposure
Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement
limitations
Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells
plain_language
Another dietary amino acid can compete at the transport step.
primary_references
[theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
tissue_or_cell_type
System L amino acid transport
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 198–209
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-leucine-competition Leucine inhibited theanine uptake in the tested mammalian cell systems. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another dietary amino acid can compete at the transport step. organism: Mammalian cell lines; human LAT1 and LAT2 expressed in mouse S2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: System L amino acid transport experimental_model: Cell uptake and stable human-transporter expression limitations: Human transporter identity confirmed in the public primary PDF methods. Engineered cells do not prove which transporter dominates human blood-brain-barrier flux or a clinical meal interaction. exposure: Radiolabeled theanine with leucine/BCH competition and sodium replacement evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/23221699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1143, "text_sha256": "0f79abd668759eccd12f86ec895af75dadf94f6412c29d51a2b6cfde712f9372"} [theanine-p23221699] The involvement of L-type amino acid transporters in theanine transport. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221699/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519
Complete structured claim and evidence
Replacing sodium chloride with choline chloride reduced theanine and glutamine accumulation in rat brain preparations.
Sodium ion → Cellular L-theanine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"}
experimental_model
Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells
exposure
Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release
limitations
High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Rat neurons and astroglia
plain_language
This particular transport system required its normal ionic environment.
primary_references
[theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
tissue_or_cell_type
Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 276–287
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-sodium-replacement Replacing sodium chloride with choline chloride reduced theanine and glutamine accumulation in rat brain preparations. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This particular transport system required its normal ionic environment. organism: Rat neurons and astroglia tissue_or_cell_type: Glutamine transport and extracellular glutamate experimental_model: Radiotracer uptake in synaptosomes and cultured neural cells limitations: High cell concentrations; 10 mM is far above the approximately 25 micromolar plasma peak in the separate human 100 mg study. Different cells from the system L screen; no claim all routes are sodium-dependent. exposure: Theanine 0.1-10 millimolar in uptake assays; sustained 10 millimolar for glutamate release evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/18293419.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1751, "text_sha256": "c94471071feadec8a04eafa7e9d53999dd9756b7f1d5dc1f351152b9b5f4b5d3"} [theanine-p18293419] Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293419/ DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21637
Complete structured claim and evidence
The active arm had a smaller salivary alpha-amylase change 15 minutes after stress than placebo.
L-Theanine plus L-arginine, study-specific combination → Salivary alpha-amylase stress response source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36596553.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1550, "text_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245"}
experimental_model
Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial
exposure
200 mg theanine; 200 mg theanine plus 50 mg arginine; placebo
limitations
Short stress challenge. Both active arms differed from placebo, but combination versus theanine alone did not (p=0.74); no established synergy.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
120 healthy young adults
plain_language
This is a measured stress marker, not proof of treatment for an anxiety disorder.
primary_references
[theanine-p36596553] Effect of Combined Ingestion of L-Theanine and L-Arginine for Short-Term Psychological Stress in Young Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596553/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.540
tissue_or_cell_type
Salivary alpha-amylase after mental stress
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 913–924
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-stress-arginine The active arm had a smaller salivary alpha-amylase change 15 minutes after stress than placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured stress marker, not proof of treatment for an anxiety disorder. organism: 120 healthy young adults tissue_or_cell_type: Salivary alpha-amylase after mental stress experimental_model: Randomized three-arm placebo-controlled stress trial limitations: Short stress challenge. Both active arms differed from placebo, but combination versus theanine alone did not (p=0.74); no established synergy. exposure: 200 mg theanine; 200 mg theanine plus 50 mg arginine; placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/36596553.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1550, "text_sha256": "d932aa2f599868e52419cee62048a12b929d575cbb78c95645195083668ea245"} [theanine-p36596553] Effect of Combined Ingestion of L-Theanine and L-Arginine for Short-Term Psychological Stress in Young Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36596553/ DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.540
Complete structured claim and evidence
Tea consumption primed peripheral gamma-delta T-cell recall responses to ethylamine.
Tea beverage, study-specific composition → Human gamma-delta T-cell recall response source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12719524.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5597ffe96859e7675adb765468cef7d5809b7874501b43cff49a1c4b866987b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1161, "text_sha256": "5597ffe96859e7675adb765468cef7d5809b7874501b43cff49a1c4b866987b9"}
experimental_model
Human cell priming and tea-consumption immune assays
exposure
Alkylamine priming in vitro; tea consumption in humans
limitations
Tea has many constituents. The study does not isolate theanine as the cause or establish clinical infection prevention.
nutrient_topic
L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Theanine
organism
Human gamma-delta T cells and tea drinkers
plain_language
A theanine metabolite connects to a measured immune response, but the intervention was tea.
primary_references
[theanine-p12719524] Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vgamma 2Vdelta 2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and nonmemory antibacterial cytokine responses. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12719524/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1035603100
tissue_or_cell_type
Ex-vivo immune response to ethylamine and bacteria
L-Theanine: metabolism, neural signaling, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 848–859
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human cell priming and tea-consumption immune assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### theanine-tea-ethylamine-recall Tea consumption primed peripheral gamma-delta T-cell recall responses to ethylamine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: L-Theanine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A theanine metabolite connects to a measured immune response, but the intervention was tea. organism: Human gamma-delta T cells and tea drinkers tissue_or_cell_type: Ex-vivo immune response to ethylamine and bacteria experimental_model: Human cell priming and tea-consumption immune assays limitations: Tea has many constituents. The study does not isolate theanine as the cause or establish clinical infection prevention. exposure: Alkylamine priming in vitro; tea consumption in humans evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/theanine-research/12719524.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5597ffe96859e7675adb765468cef7d5809b7874501b43cff49a1c4b866987b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1161, "text_sha256": "5597ffe96859e7675adb765468cef7d5809b7874501b43cff49a1c4b866987b9"} [theanine-p12719524] Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vgamma 2Vdelta 2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and nonmemory antibacterial cytokine responses. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12719524/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1035603100
Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards

L-Theanine

How nutrients influence it

Other things that act on it

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

What it does

What it acts on

Theanine increased actigraphic sleep efficiency in boys with ADHD.

Sleep latency was unchanged in the boys-with-ADHD trial.

Theanine increased actigraphic sleep percentage in boys with ADHD.

Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at AMPA sites in rat cortical preparations.

Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at kainate sites in rat cortical preparations.

Theanine inhibited radioligand binding at NMDA glycine-site sites in rat cortical preparations.

Theanine did not significantly reduce caffeine-associated jitteriness in the same experiment.

Theanine attenuated the caffeine-associated blood-pressure response in the experiment.

The study reported competitive binding and inhibition of rat cannabinoid receptor 1 by theanine.

Theanine protected SH-SY5Y cells against the injury produced by dopamine plus copper.

Theanine suppressed copper-facilitated dopamine oxidation; the authors attributed this to copper chelation.

Salivary cortisol changes did not significantly differ between theanine and placebo groups.

Adjunctive theanine did not outperform placebo on anxiety severity in the GAD trial (p=0.73).

Theanine did not significantly outperform placebo on total insomnia severity (p=0.35).

Participants receiving theanine reported greater sleep satisfaction on the individual questionnaire item.

Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat astroglia.

Theanine inhibited glutamine accumulation in cultured rat neurons.

Sustained 10 mM theanine lowered extracellular glutamate released from cultured neurons.

After 100 mg, plasma theanine peaked around 0.8 hours; capsule and tea kinetics were comparable in the tested crossover study.

Plasma ethylamine increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound.

Plasma glutamate increased after theanine ingestion, consistent with hydrolysis of the parent compound.

Theanine reduced infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

The theanine group had reduced light sleep compared with placebo in the trial.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A1.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A3.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC1A5.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC3A2.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC6A19.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A1.

The study reported increased mRNA and protein expression of the mouse intestinal transporter component SLC7A7.

Theanine exposure was associated with mTOR pathway activation and phosphorylation of downstream S6 and S6K1 in mice.

Prior theanine exposure favored neuronal lineage commitment while reducing astroglial specification in the cultured progenitors.

Sustained theanine increased neurosphere growth and MTT-reducing activity in rat progenitor cultures.

Theanine did not significantly reduce the primary peak-minus-baseline glucose endpoint.

Cue-related phasic alpha modulation was unchanged in the experiment.

Theanine increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 response in the tested normal/stressed rat pathways.

Theanine reduced intestinal FABP2 expression in rats.

Theanine reduced intestinal FFAR4 expression in rats.

Theanine increased intestinal SLC16A10 expression in the rat study.

Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A1 expression in the rat study.

Theanine increased intestinal SLC1A5 expression in the rat study.

Theanine reduced intestinal SLC2A5 expression in rats.

Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A1 expression in the rat study.

Theanine increased intestinal SLC7A9 expression in the rat study.

Theanine decreased TNF-alpha expression in experimentally stressed rats.

Brain serotonin and 5-HIAA decreased after theanine in this rat experiment.

The subjective sleep disturbances PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo.

The subjective sleep latency PSQI subscale improved relative to placebo.

The theanine group had reduced time asleep compared with placebo in the trial.

Theanine selectively increased Slc38a1 expression in cultured rat neural progenitors.

Theanine uptake was mostly sodium independent in the cell-line screen supporting system L transport.

Theanine reduced the heart-rate response to the laboratory stress task.

Theanine reduced the salivary IgA response to acute stress.

Perceived stress fell approximately 17.98% with theanine and 17.88% with placebo.

The active arm had a smaller salivary alpha-amylase change 15 minutes after stress than placebo.

Local striatal theanine administration increased extracellular glycine.

Theanine alone increased headache ratings in the acute experiment.

Theanine alone reduced correct serial-seven subtraction responses in the reported experiment.

Theanine reduced background tonic alpha activity during the attention experiment.

Brain tryptophan increased or tended to increase despite lower serotonin in the rat study.

Urinary glutamate, aspartate and several other amino acids increased during the theanine visit.

Theanine improved visual recognition reaction time in this small acute study; caffeine and the combination also improved it.

What acts on it

Human LAT1 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.

Human LAT2 mediated theanine uptake in stably transfected S2 cells.

Purified phosphate-dependent glutaminase showed no theanine-degrading activity in the same study.

Theanine-degrading activity copurified with rat renal phosphate-independent glutaminase activity.

Where it participates (unsigned role)

An AMPA antagonist inhibited the local neurotransmitter effects attributed to theanine.

The mixture group improved clinician-rated tics more than psychoeducation in the open-label trial.

The combination produced greater N2-P300 amplitude than either single ingredient in the experiment.

The theanine-caffeine combination improved simple reaction time in the acute crossover experiment.

The authors linked CB1 antagonism to ERK-dependent regulation of glutamine synthetase in rats, with different ERK responses in normal and stressed conditions.

The cystine-theanine mixture reduced diarrhea in the mouse chemotherapy model.