Component

Boron

Element boron and dietary boron as a research topic. Human essentiality, a required intake and a specific human deficiency syndrome have not been established. Chemical forms, species and exposure conditions are distinguished in individual claims.

33 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Boron supplementation did not significantly improve measured strength or lean body mass relative to placebo, although both groups improved with training.

    Boron → Skeletal muscle strength source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"}
    experimental_model
    Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27
    exposure
    Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks
    limitations
    Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The training gains were not evidence of a boron effect.
    primary_references
    [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 989–1000

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-bodybuilding-strength-null Boron supplementation did not significantly improve measured strength or lean body mass relative to placebo, although both groups improved with training. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The training gains were not evidence of a boron effect. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes experimental_model: Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 limitations: Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect. exposure: Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"} [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Boron supplementation did not significantly improve total or free testosterone relative to placebo in the seven-week bodybuilding study.

    Boron → Circulating total testosterone concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"}
    experimental_model
    Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27
    exposure
    Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks
    limitations
    Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    This controlled study did not find a testosterone benefit.
    primary_references
    [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 976–987

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-bodybuilding-testosterone-null Boron supplementation did not significantly improve total or free testosterone relative to placebo in the seven-week bodybuilding study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This controlled study did not find a testosterone benefit. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes experimental_model: Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 limitations: Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect. exposure: Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"} [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Boron supplementation lowered the fraction of dietary calcium excreted in urine under basal magnesium intake but increased that fraction with magnesium supplementation.

    Boron → Urinary calcium excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers
    exposure
    167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day
    limitations
    Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The calcium response changed direction with the magnesium diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance, blood and excreta
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 664–675

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-calcium-magnesium-context-1997 Boron supplementation lowered the fraction of dietary calcium excreted in urine under basal magnesium intake but increased that fraction with magnesium supplementation. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The calcium response changed direction with the magnesium diet. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, blood and excreta experimental_model: Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers limitations: Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint. exposure: 167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"} [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Boron supplementation increased circulating 17β-estradiol in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, with an apparently larger response when dietary magnesium was low.

    Boron → Circulating estradiol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants
    limitations
    Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule.
    primary_references
    [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 638–649

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-estradiol-1987 Boron supplementation increased circulating 17β-estradiol in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, with an apparently larger response when dietary magnesium was low. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Boron supplementation decreased serum 17β-estradiol when dietary magnesium was low in the 2004 study.

    Boron → Circulating estradiol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods
    limitations
    Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Under this low-magnesium regimen the hormone response went downward.
    primary_references
    [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance and endocrine measurements
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 755–766

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-estradiol-low-mg-2004 Boron supplementation decreased serum 17β-estradiol when dietary magnesium was low in the 2004 study. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Under this low-magnesium regimen the hormone response went downward. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. A ninefold difference in dietary boron produced only a 1.5-fold difference in plasma boron; fecal plus urinary excretion accounted for almost all intake without progressive accumulation.

    Boron → Circulating boron concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers
    exposure
    167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day
    limitations
    Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Blood boron did not rise in proportion to intake because the body eliminated much of the exposure.
    primary_references
    [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance, blood and excreta

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 690–701

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-feeding-boron-homeostasis A ninefold difference in dietary boron produced only a 1.5-fold difference in plasma boron; fecal plus urinary excretion accounted for almost all intake without progressive accumulation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Blood boron did not rise in proportion to intake because the body eliminated much of the exposure. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, blood and excreta experimental_model: Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers limitations: Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint. exposure: 167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"} [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Increasing boron intake from 0.33 to 3.33 mg/day did not alter the measured mineral absorption or excretion endpoints in the 1993 follow-up study.

    Boron → Urinary calcium excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8329361.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1079, "text_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up
    exposure
    0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks
    limitations
    Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human postmenopausal volunteers
    plain_language
    This follow-up did not reproduce the earlier calcium-sparing finding.
    primary_references
    [boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 703–714

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-human-calcium-null-1993 Increasing boron intake from 0.33 to 3.33 mg/day did not alter the measured mineral absorption or excretion endpoints in the 1993 follow-up study. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This follow-up did not reproduce the earlier calcium-sparing finding. organism: Human postmenopausal volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers experimental_model: Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up limitations: Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation. exposure: 0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8329361.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1079, "text_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63"} [boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. A 3 mg/day boron supplement after prolonged low intake reduced urinary calcium in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, apparently more strongly with low magnesium intake.

    Boron → Urinary calcium excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants
    limitations
    Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The women lost less calcium in urine under this particular feeding regimen.
    primary_references
    [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 599–610

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-human-calcium-sparing-1987 A 3 mg/day boron supplement after prolonged low intake reduced urinary calcium in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, apparently more strongly with low magnesium intake. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The women lost less calcium in urine under this particular feeding regimen. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. The 1993 low-boron/supplementation study found no effect of the added boron on measured plasma sex steroids.

    Boron → Circulating estradiol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8329361.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1079, "text_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up
    exposure
    0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks
    limitations
    Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human postmenopausal volunteers
    plain_language
    The earlier hormone rise was not reproduced under this shorter regimen.
    primary_references
    [boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 716–727

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-human-estradiol-null-1993 The 1993 low-boron/supplementation study found no effect of the added boron on measured plasma sex steroids. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The earlier hormone rise was not reproduced under this shorter regimen. organism: Human postmenopausal volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers experimental_model: Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up limitations: Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation. exposure: 0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8329361.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1079, "text_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63"} [boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. Boron supplementation reduced urinary magnesium in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, apparently more strongly in the low-magnesium group.

    Boron → Urinary magnesium excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants
    limitations
    Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The measured magnesium loss in urine decreased; this does not by itself demonstrate correction of magnesium deficiency.
    primary_references
    [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 612–623

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-human-magnesium-sparing-1987 Boron supplementation reduced urinary magnesium in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, apparently more strongly in the low-magnesium group. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The measured magnesium loss in urine decreased; this does not by itself demonstrate correction of magnesium deficiency. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  11. Boron supplementation reduced urinary phosphorus in the low-magnesium group but not the adequate-magnesium group in the 1987 study.

    Boron → Urinary phosphorus excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants
    limitations
    Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The phosphorus response depended on the background magnesium diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 625–636

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-human-phosphorus-1987 Boron supplementation reduced urinary phosphorus in the low-magnesium group but not the adequate-magnesium group in the 1987 study. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The phosphorus response depended on the background magnesium diet. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  12. Low boron intake was associated with poorer attention and encoding/short-term-memory performance in all three feeding studies; manual dexterity, coordination, perception and long-term-memory effects varied by study.

    Boron → Cognitive task performance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889884.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1661, "text_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1"}
    experimental_model
    Three within-subject controlled feeding studies
    exposure
    Approximately 0.25 versus 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day
    limitations
    Small experimental studies with variable responses across tests and studies. Findings do not establish a specific clinical deficiency syndrome, dementia prevention or a molecular brain mechanism.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human older men and women
    plain_language
    Some test performance was poorer during lower intake, but the pattern was not identical across studies.
    primary_references
    [boron-p7889884] Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889884/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s765
    tissue_or_cell_type
    EEG and cognitive/psychomotor testing
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 963–974

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Three within-subject controlled feeding studies · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-low-intake-cognition Low boron intake was associated with poorer attention and encoding/short-term-memory performance in all three feeding studies; manual dexterity, coordination, perception and long-term-memory effects varied by study. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some test performance was poorer during lower intake, but the pattern was not identical across studies. organism: Human older men and women tissue_or_cell_type: EEG and cognitive/psychomotor testing experimental_model: Three within-subject controlled feeding studies limitations: Small experimental studies with variable responses across tests and studies. Findings do not establish a specific clinical deficiency syndrome, dementia prevention or a molecular brain mechanism. exposure: Approximately 0.25 versus 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889884.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1661, "text_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1"} [boron-p7889884] Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889884/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s765
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  13. Low boron intake increased the proportion of slow-frequency EEG activity and reduced higher-frequency activity in two of three feeding studies.

    Boron → Slow-frequency electroencephalographic activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889884.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1661, "text_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1"}
    experimental_model
    Three within-subject controlled feeding studies
    exposure
    Approximately 0.25 versus 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day
    limitations
    Small experimental studies with variable responses across tests and studies. Findings do not establish a specific clinical deficiency syndrome, dementia prevention or a molecular brain mechanism.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human older men and women
    plain_language
    Brain electrical activity changed in two studies, while the third did not show the same EEG effect.
    primary_references
    [boron-p7889884] Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889884/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s765
    tissue_or_cell_type
    EEG and cognitive/psychomotor testing
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 950–961

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Three within-subject controlled feeding studies · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-low-intake-eeg Low boron intake increased the proportion of slow-frequency EEG activity and reduced higher-frequency activity in two of three feeding studies. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Brain electrical activity changed in two studies, while the third did not show the same EEG effect. organism: Human older men and women tissue_or_cell_type: EEG and cognitive/psychomotor testing experimental_model: Three within-subject controlled feeding studies limitations: Small experimental studies with variable responses across tests and studies. Findings do not establish a specific clinical deficiency syndrome, dementia prevention or a molecular brain mechanism. exposure: Approximately 0.25 versus 3.25 mg boron/2000 kcal/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889884.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1661, "text_sha256": "43b5379945cb12895fc3c4933fedf66ccc237cf0fba9fdfec965b0910a13b3d1"} [boron-p7889884] Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889884/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s765
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  14. Magnesium balance became negative at 118 mg/day magnesium, and changing boron intake did not obviously modify the overall response to magnesium deprivation.

    Boron → Whole-body magnesium balance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods
    limitations
    Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    This study does not support a claim that boron makes up for inadequate magnesium.
    primary_references
    [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance and endocrine measurements
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 742–753

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-magnesium-balance-no-rescue Magnesium balance became negative at 118 mg/day magnesium, and changing boron intake did not obviously modify the overall response to magnesium deprivation. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This study does not support a claim that boron makes up for inadequate magnesium. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  15. Magnesium, boron and their combination improved measured bone endpoints after ovariectomy in rats, with the combined intervention reported to outperform the individual interventions.

    Boron → Bone mineral density source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/41075129.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d3cf6234f51fd5e8a999607442cd1c8abcc1fe0781369b54797661f18561fbf3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "d3cf6234f51fd5e8a999607442cd1c8abcc1fe0781369b54797661f18561fbf3"}
    experimental_model
    Five-group ovariectomy experiment; 30 rats
    exposure
    Sham, ovariectomy, ovariectomy plus magnesium, boron or both; six rats/group
    limitations
    Small animal experiment. Combination benefit does not by itself prove pharmacological synergy or efficacy in human osteoporosis. Doses are not specified in the indexed abstract used here.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Female rat
    plain_language
    The combination performed better in this rat model of hormone-related bone loss.
    primary_references
    [boron-p41075129] Combined Supplementation OF Magnesium AND Boron Ameliorate Menopause-Associated Osteogenic Disturbances in Ovariectomized Rats. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41075129/ DOI: 10.1007/s12011-025-04870-0
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Bone density and mineral/endocrine endpoints

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 924–935

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Five-group ovariectomy experiment; 30 rats · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-ovx-boron-magnesium Magnesium, boron and their combination improved measured bone endpoints after ovariectomy in rats, with the combined intervention reported to outperform the individual interventions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The combination performed better in this rat model of hormone-related bone loss. organism: Female rat tissue_or_cell_type: Bone density and mineral/endocrine endpoints experimental_model: Five-group ovariectomy experiment; 30 rats limitations: Small animal experiment. Combination benefit does not by itself prove pharmacological synergy or efficacy in human osteoporosis. Doses are not specified in the indexed abstract used here. exposure: Sham, ovariectomy, ovariectomy plus magnesium, boron or both; six rats/group evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/41075129.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d3cf6234f51fd5e8a999607442cd1c8abcc1fe0781369b54797661f18561fbf3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1591, "text_sha256": "d3cf6234f51fd5e8a999607442cd1c8abcc1fe0781369b54797661f18561fbf3"} [boron-p41075129] Combined Supplementation OF Magnesium AND Boron Ameliorate Menopause-Associated Osteogenic Disturbances in Ovariectomized Rats. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41075129/ DOI: 10.1007/s12011-025-04870-0
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  16. Boron supplementation decreased total urinary oxalate in the low-magnesium group.

    Boron → Urinary oxalate excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers
    exposure
    167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day
    limitations
    Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Less oxalate appeared in urine in this setting; fewer kidney stones were not demonstrated.
    primary_references
    [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance, blood and excreta
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 677–688

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-oxalate-low-magnesium Boron supplementation decreased total urinary oxalate in the low-magnesium group. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less oxalate appeared in urine in this setting; fewer kidney stones were not demonstrated. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, blood and excreta experimental_model: Metabolic-ward feeding; 11 postmenopausal volunteers limitations: Small study with multiple dietary periods and supplements. Do not assume independence from related reports from the same research program. Urine composition is not a kidney-stone clinical endpoint. exposure: 167-day study; basal 0.36 mg B and 109 mg Mg/8400 kJ; 3 mg/day B supplement in last two 24-day periods; magnesium supplement 0 or 200 mg/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/9062533.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1720, "text_sha256": "a23cd1fe09277bdd83b690746d4bbaf4742cdd74e51d5b27ee898bd87208b2be"} [boron-p9062533] Metabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9062533/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  17. Experimental boron deprivation increased urinary potassium excretion in the 2004 feeding study, whereas magnesium deprivation decreased it.

    Boron → Urinary potassium excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods
    limitations
    Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Low boron intake changed potassium loss in this experiment; this does not establish clinical potassium deficiency.
    primary_references
    [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance and endocrine measurements
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 729–740

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-potassium-low-boron Experimental boron deprivation increased urinary potassium excretion in the 2004 feeding study, whereas magnesium deprivation decreased it. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Low boron intake changed potassium loss in this experiment; this does not establish clinical potassium deficiency. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  18. Boron supplementation decreased serum progesterone when dietary magnesium was low in the 2004 study.

    Boron → Circulating progesterone concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods
    limitations
    Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Under this low-magnesium regimen the hormone response went downward.
    primary_references
    [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance and endocrine measurements
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 768–779

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    ### boron-progesterone-low-mg-2004 Boron supplementation decreased serum progesterone when dietary magnesium was low in the 2004 study. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Under this low-magnesium regimen the hormone response went downward. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  19. The tested boron and magnesium dietary treatments did not significantly affect serum PTH in the 2004 study.

    Boron → Serum PTH concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods
    limitations
    Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The study did not demonstrate that boron improves mineral balance by raising or lowering PTH.
    primary_references
    [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mineral balance and endocrine measurements

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 781–792

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-pth-null-2004 The tested boron and magnesium dietary treatments did not significantly affect serum PTH in the 2004 study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study did not demonstrate that boron improves mineral balance by raising or lowering PTH. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  20. The higher-boron diet increased apparent calcium balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability.

    Boron → Apparent calcium balance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"}
    experimental_model
    Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment
    exposure
    Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation
    limitations
    Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of calcium under the higher-boron diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Whole-body apparent mineral balance
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 807–818

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    ### boron-rat-calcium-balance The higher-boron diet increased apparent calcium balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of calcium under the higher-boron diet. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Whole-body apparent mineral balance experimental_model: Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment limitations: Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme. exposure: Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"} [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  21. The higher-boron diet increased apparent magnesium balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability.

    Boron → Whole-body magnesium balance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"}
    experimental_model
    Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment
    exposure
    Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation
    limitations
    Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of magnesium under the higher-boron diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Whole-body apparent mineral balance
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 820–831

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-rat-magnesium-balance The higher-boron diet increased apparent magnesium balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of magnesium under the higher-boron diet. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Whole-body apparent mineral balance experimental_model: Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment limitations: Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme. exposure: Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"} [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  22. Boron-deprived rats with marginal methionine had lower bone magnesium; interactions with magnesium deprivation were strongest under severe restriction and abundant arginine.

    Boron → Bone magnesium concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/2484371.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "324fa75871a385d9890c32c6d4ddd62af6fff561174e439afb94f3bd4662ed13", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2179, "text_sha256": "324fa75871a385d9890c32c6d4ddd62af6fff561174e439afb94f3bd4662ed13"}
    experimental_model
    Nine factorial dietary experiments in rats
    exposure
    Six to ten weeks; boron supplement 0 or 3 µg/g; magnesium 100/200 versus 400 µg/g; methionine and arginine contexts varied
    limitations
    Dependence on severe magnesium restriction and amino-acid background is central. Rat growth/bone findings do not establish an essential human role, a methylation mechanism or a human rescue regimen.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Sprague-Dawley rats and one spontaneously hypertensive rat experiment
    plain_language
    The effect of low boron depended strongly on the rest of the diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p2484371] Magnesium and methionine deprivation affect the response of rats to boron deprivation. (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2484371/ DOI: 10.1007/bf02795449
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Whole-animal growth and bone mineral endpoints
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 794–805

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine factorial dietary experiments in rats · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-rat-mg-amino-acid-context Boron-deprived rats with marginal methionine had lower bone magnesium; interactions with magnesium deprivation were strongest under severe restriction and abundant arginine. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The effect of low boron depended strongly on the rest of the diet. organism: Sprague-Dawley rats and one spontaneously hypertensive rat experiment tissue_or_cell_type: Whole-animal growth and bone mineral endpoints experimental_model: Nine factorial dietary experiments in rats limitations: Dependence on severe magnesium restriction and amino-acid background is central. Rat growth/bone findings do not establish an essential human role, a methylation mechanism or a human rescue regimen. exposure: Six to ten weeks; boron supplement 0 or 3 µg/g; magnesium 100/200 versus 400 µg/g; methionine and arginine contexts varied evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/2484371.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "324fa75871a385d9890c32c6d4ddd62af6fff561174e439afb94f3bd4662ed13", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2179, "text_sha256": "324fa75871a385d9890c32c6d4ddd62af6fff561174e439afb94f3bd4662ed13"} [boron-p2484371] Magnesium and methionine deprivation affect the response of rats to boron deprivation. (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2484371/ DOI: 10.1007/bf02795449
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  23. The higher-boron diet increased apparent phosphorus balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability.

    Boron → Apparent phosphorus balance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"}
    experimental_model
    Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment
    exposure
    Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation
    limitations
    Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of phosphorus under the higher-boron diet.
    primary_references
    [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Whole-body apparent mineral balance
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 833–844

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    ### boron-rat-phosphorus-balance The higher-boron diet increased apparent phosphorus balance in vitamin-D-deprived rats, with substantial variability. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The animal experiment measured greater apparent retention of phosphorus under the higher-boron diet. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Whole-body apparent mineral balance experimental_model: Vitamin-D-deficient rat feeding experiment limitations: Apparent balances were variable. Previous vitamin D stores were a proposed explanation of variability, not proof that boron inhibits a vitamin D enzyme. exposure: Dietary boron 2.72 versus 0.16 ppm with vitamin D deprivation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/7889882.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1082, "text_sha256": "f9da927645dac0989b9d9a3eda4ebacc69e7b1b0abdb411e0112b9b51a8b8f1a"} [boron-p7889882] Effects of dietary boron in rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7889882/ DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s755
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  24. High-sensitivity CRP decreased at the six-hour measurement after boron supplementation in the eight-man study.

    Boron → Plasma C-reactive protein concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men
    exposure
    10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements
    limitations
    Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human healthy male volunteers
    plain_language
    One inflammation marker fell over the short observation period.
    primary_references
    [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulating CRP assay; sample matrix retained as reported by the indexed abstract

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1041–1052

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-short-study-crp High-sensitivity CRP decreased at the six-hour measurement after boron supplementation in the eight-man study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One inflammation marker fell over the short observation period. organism: Human healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating CRP assay; sample matrix retained as reported by the indexed abstract experimental_model: Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men limitations: Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG. exposure: 10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"} [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  25. Mean estradiol decreased at the one-week morning measurement in the eight-man supplementation study.

    Boron → Circulating estradiol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men
    exposure
    10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements
    limitations
    Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human healthy male volunteers
    plain_language
    The hormone response differed from the earlier postmenopausal result.
    primary_references
    [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1028–1039

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-short-study-estradiol Mean estradiol decreased at the one-week morning measurement in the eight-man supplementation study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The hormone response differed from the earlier postmenopausal result. organism: Human healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers experimental_model: Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men limitations: Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG. exposure: 10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"} [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  26. Mean free testosterone increased at the one-week morning measurement in the eight-man supplementation study.

    Boron → Circulating free testosterone concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men
    exposure
    10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements
    limitations
    Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human healthy male volunteers
    plain_language
    A short uncontrolled comparison reported a rise in free testosterone; it is not reliable evidence of a general testosterone-boosting effect.
    primary_references
    [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1015–1026

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-short-study-free-testosterone Mean free testosterone increased at the one-week morning measurement in the eight-man supplementation study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A short uncontrolled comparison reported a rise in free testosterone; it is not reliable evidence of a general testosterone-boosting effect. organism: Human healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers experimental_model: Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men limitations: Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG. exposure: 10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"} [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  27. SHBG concentrations decreased six hours after boron supplementation in the eight-man study.

    Boron → Circulating sex-hormone-binding globulin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men
    exposure
    10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements
    limitations
    Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human healthy male volunteers
    plain_language
    A hormone-carrier measurement fell in a small short study; the molecular reason was not established.
    primary_references
    [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1002–1013

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-short-study-shbg SHBG concentrations decreased six hours after boron supplementation in the eight-man study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hormone-carrier measurement fell in a small short study; the molecular reason was not established. organism: Human healthy male volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma hormones and inflammatory biomarkers experimental_model: Sequential placebo-day and supplementation observations in eight men limitations: Eight participants without a randomized parallel control. Time effects, short duration and multiple endpoints limit causal and clinical interpretation. Lower SHBG does not demonstrate direct boron binding to SHBG. exposure: 10 mg boron/day for one week; acute six-hour and day-seven measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/21129941.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4e5892df5d6f2cf5e87f6bd3c7c12dae16cc2fa2517d5a81267b810175485157"} [boron-p21129941] Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  28. Boron supplementation increased circulating testosterone in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, with an apparently larger response when dietary magnesium was low.

    Boron → Circulating total testosterone concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women
    exposure
    About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants
    limitations
    Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule.
    primary_references
    [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 651–662

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-testosterone-1987 Boron supplementation increased circulating testosterone in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, with an apparently larger response when dietary magnesium was low. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  29. Estimated intake correlated with 24-hour urinary boron excretion in vegans (r=0.79), omnivores (r=0.74) and less strongly in lacto-ovo-vegetarians (r=0.43).

    Boron → Urinary boron excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/42581205.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "616a276982b68c86769b127edd0b346732467698b8da80259d093b842708aa4b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1953, "text_sha256": "616a276982b68c86769b127edd0b346732467698b8da80259d093b842708aa4b"}
    experimental_model
    Cross-sectional diet records and 24-hour urine study; 89 adults
    exposure
    28 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 29 vegans and 32 omnivores in Germany
    limitations
    Observational diet-pattern comparisons cannot show that boron causes potassium loss; shared food sources, intake estimation and renal handling can affect correlations. No diagnostic deficiency cutoff was validated.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Urine boron tracked dietary exposure reasonably well in some groups; it did not diagnose deficiency.
    primary_references
    [boron-p42581205] Boron Intake and 24-hour Urinary Excretion in Long-term Omnivores, Vegetarians and Vegans: a Cross-sectional Study. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42581205/ DOI: 10.1007/s12011-026-05297-x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Diet intake estimates and urine
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1119–1130

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cross-sectional diet records and 24-hour urine study; 89 adults · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-urine-intake-marker Estimated intake correlated with 24-hour urinary boron excretion in vegans (r=0.79), omnivores (r=0.74) and less strongly in lacto-ovo-vegetarians (r=0.43). Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Urine boron tracked dietary exposure reasonably well in some groups; it did not diagnose deficiency. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Diet intake estimates and urine experimental_model: Cross-sectional diet records and 24-hour urine study; 89 adults limitations: Observational diet-pattern comparisons cannot show that boron causes potassium loss; shared food sources, intake estimation and renal handling can affect correlations. No diagnostic deficiency cutoff was validated. exposure: 28 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 29 vegans and 32 omnivores in Germany evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/42581205.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "616a276982b68c86769b127edd0b346732467698b8da80259d093b842708aa4b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1953, "text_sha256": "616a276982b68c86769b127edd0b346732467698b8da80259d093b842708aa4b"} [boron-p42581205] Boron Intake and 24-hour Urinary Excretion in Long-term Omnivores, Vegetarians and Vegans: a Cross-sectional Study. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42581205/ DOI: 10.1007/s12011-026-05297-x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  30. This worker study did not detect boron-associated adverse semen or measured reproductive-hormone effects, including in its highest-exposure subgroup.

    Boron → Semen quality measurements source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/30143848.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1123, "text_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899"}
    experimental_model
    Occupational observational study; 212 male workers
    exposure
    Extreme-exposure subgroup n=98; estimated daily boron exposure mean 47.17 ± 17.47 mg; blood boron mean 570.6 ± 160.1 ng/g
    limitations
    Observed absence of an association does not prove safety at all exposures or rule out selection, confounding or unmeasured outcomes. Do not extend the authors’ broad safety conclusion beyond the observed data.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The observed workers did not show the predicted changes in the measured outcomes; this does not cancel the animal toxicity evidence or establish universal safety.
    primary_references
    [boron-p30143848] Evaluation of FSH, LH, testosterone levels and semen parameters in male boron workers under extreme exposure conditions. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30143848/ DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2296-7
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Semen and circulating FSH, LH and testosterone

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1184–1195

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Occupational observational study; 212 male workers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-worker-semen-observation This worker study did not detect boron-associated adverse semen or measured reproductive-hormone effects, including in its highest-exposure subgroup. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The observed workers did not show the predicted changes in the measured outcomes; this does not cancel the animal toxicity evidence or establish universal safety. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Semen and circulating FSH, LH and testosterone experimental_model: Occupational observational study; 212 male workers limitations: Observed absence of an association does not prove safety at all exposures or rule out selection, confounding or unmeasured outcomes. Do not extend the authors’ broad safety conclusion beyond the observed data. exposure: Extreme-exposure subgroup n=98; estimated daily boron exposure mean 47.17 ± 17.47 mg; blood boron mean 570.6 ± 160.1 ng/g evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/30143848.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1123, "text_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899"} [boron-p30143848] Evaluation of FSH, LH, testosterone levels and semen parameters in male boron workers under extreme exposure conditions. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30143848/ DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2296-7
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  31. Boron plus vitamin D3 increased opercular bone growth more than vitamin D3 alone in zebrafish larvae.

    Boron → Zebrafish opercular bone growth source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"}
    experimental_model
    Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters
    exposure
    Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points
    limitations
    Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Danio rerio
    plain_language
    The combination outperformed vitamin D alone in developing fish.
    primary_references
    [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Opercular bone and osteoblast development

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 885–896

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-zebrafish-bone-combination Boron plus vitamin D3 increased opercular bone growth more than vitamin D3 alone in zebrafish larvae. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The combination outperformed vitamin D alone in developing fish. organism: Danio rerio tissue_or_cell_type: Opercular bone and osteoblast development experimental_model: Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters limitations: Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation. exposure: Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"} [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  32. The 10 ng/mL boron plus 10 pg/mL vitamin D3 condition enriched sp7-positive intermediate osteoblasts at 6 and 9 days post-fertilization.

    Boron → Zebrafish intermediate sp7-positive osteoblast abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"}
    experimental_model
    Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters
    exposure
    Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points
    limitations
    Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Danio rerio
    plain_language
    Earlier bone-building cells increased at these stages in the fish experiment.
    primary_references
    [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Opercular bone and osteoblast development

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 898–909

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-zebrafish-intermediate-osteoblasts The 10 ng/mL boron plus 10 pg/mL vitamin D3 condition enriched sp7-positive intermediate osteoblasts at 6 and 9 days post-fertilization. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Earlier bone-building cells increased at these stages in the fish experiment. organism: Danio rerio tissue_or_cell_type: Opercular bone and osteoblast development experimental_model: Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters limitations: Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation. exposure: Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"} [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  33. The 10 ng/mL boron plus 10 pg/mL vitamin D3 condition enriched bglap-positive mature osteoblasts at 15 days post-fertilization.

    Boron → Zebrafish mature bglap-positive osteoblast abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"}
    experimental_model
    Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters
    exposure
    Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points
    limitations
    Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Danio rerio
    plain_language
    More mature bone-building cells appeared later in the fish experiment.
    primary_references
    [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Opercular bone and osteoblast development

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 911–922

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-zebrafish-mature-osteoblasts The 10 ng/mL boron plus 10 pg/mL vitamin D3 condition enriched bglap-positive mature osteoblasts at 15 days post-fertilization. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More mature bone-building cells appeared later in the fish experiment. organism: Danio rerio tissue_or_cell_type: Opercular bone and osteoblast development experimental_model: Larval zebrafish morphology, transcriptomics and fluorescent osteoblast reporters limitations: Fish water exposure cannot be translated directly into human supplement intake. Combination superiority alone is not proof of a formal statistical interaction; pathway enrichment is not proof of direct molecular activation. exposure: Waterborne boron 10 or 100 ng/mL, vitamin D3 10 pg/mL and combinations; developmental time points evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/35571926.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2097, "text_sha256": "cf22409e40b52d79a9f1738a942771e626afdb39fce0e8bc16cbf877cdf7ea30"} [boron-p35571926] Zebrafish as a Model to Unveil the Pro-Osteogenic Effects of Boron-Vitamin D3 Synergism. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35571926/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868805
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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