Serum PTH concentration

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

magnesium -> PTH -> calcium

experimental_model

Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study

limitations

Delay is indirect evidence for resistance and does not by itself identify a receptor or cyclase defect.

nutrient_topic

Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Restoring the hormone signal did not immediately restore calcium; this pattern suggested an additional target-organ response problem.

primary_references

[rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 325–335

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### calcium-recovery-can-lag-pth-after-mg During early Mg repletion, PTH recovered before serum calcium normalized in the serially studied patients. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Restoring the hormone signal did not immediately restore calcium; this pattern suggested an additional target-organ response problem. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis experimental_model: Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study limitations: Delay is indirect evidence for resistance and does not by itself identify a receptor or cyclase defect. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

magnesium -> PTH -> calcium

experimental_model

Acute Mg administration across clinical groups

limitations

Biphasic/status-dependent response does not establish one serum Mg breakpoint applicable to all patients.

nutrient_topic

Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Restoring missing Mg can release a suppressed PTH response, while adding Mg in another starting state can inhibit it.

primary_references

[rude-1978-status-dependent-pth] Parathyroid hormone secretion in magnesium deficiency (1978). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/263326/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-47-4-800

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; parathyroid axis

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 349–359

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Acute Mg administration across clinical groups · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mg-pth-response-depends-on-prior-status Mg administration promptly raised PTH in hypomagnesemic patients, whereas normal and hyperparathyroid comparison groups showed a decrease or little change. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Restoring missing Mg can release a suppressed PTH response, while adding Mg in another starting state can inhibit it. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid axis experimental_model: Acute Mg administration across clinical groups limitations: Biphasic/status-dependent response does not establish one serum Mg breakpoint applicable to all patients. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rude-1978-status-dependent-pth] Parathyroid hormone secretion in magnesium deficiency (1978). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/263326/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-47-4-800

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

magnesium -> PTH -> calcium

experimental_model

Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study

limitations

Three infusion experiments; timing supports but does not directly visualize secretory machinery.

nutrient_topic

Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The fast hormone rise supports release of stored PTH after Mg restoration, rather than requiring new hormone synthesis first.

primary_references

[rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 313–323

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mg-repletion-rapidly-releases-pth Acute Mg administration increased circulating immunoreactive PTH within one minute in the three tested Mg-deficient patients. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The fast hormone rise supports release of stored PTH after Mg restoration, rather than requiring new hormone synthesis first. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis experimental_model: Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study limitations: Three infusion experiments; timing supports but does not directly visualize secretory machinery. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

magnesium -> PTH -> calcium

experimental_model

26 initially normal adults before/after three-week low-Mg diet

limitations

Before/after experiment; not a population diagnostic rule. Depletion was supported by serum Mg, retention, and red-cell free Mg changes.

nutrient_topic

Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

PTH compensation was impaired during an induced shortage, before a failed calcium-replacement attempt was needed to reveal it.

primary_references

[fatemi-1991-selective-depletion] Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1939521/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1067

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; parathyroid and renal mineral axis

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 361–371

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 26 initially normal adults before/after three-week low-Mg diet · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### selective-mg-depletion-impairs-pth-compensation After selective dietary Mg depletion, 20 of 26 adults showed unchanged or reduced PTH despite falling serum Mg and Ca. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: PTH compensation was impaired during an induced shortage, before a failed calcium-replacement attempt was needed to reveal it. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid and renal mineral axis experimental_model: 26 initially normal adults before/after three-week low-Mg diet limitations: Before/after experiment; not a population diagnostic rule. Depletion was supported by serum Mg, retention, and red-cell free Mg changes. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [fatemi-1991-selective-depletion] Effect of experimental human magnesium depletion on parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. (1991). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1939521/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1067

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

magnesium -> PTH -> calcium

experimental_model

Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study

limitations

Observational baseline result; older immunoreactive PTH assays differ from modern intact-PTH methods.

nutrient_topic

Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A PTH value within a laboratory reference range can still be too low for someone whose calcium is very low.

primary_references

[rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 301–311

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### severe-mg-deficiency-inadequate-pth-response Most untreated patients in the clinical series had normal or undetectable immunoreactive PTH despite severe hypocalcemia. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A PTH value within a laboratory reference range can still be too low for someone whose calcium is very low. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis experimental_model: Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study limitations: Observational baseline result; older immunoreactive PTH assays differ from modern intact-PTH methods. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

true

experimental_model

Six-week randomized comparison in 40 infants/toddlers with 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL; all prescribed calcium

exposure

D2 2000 IU/day, D2 50, 000 IU/week or D3 2000 IU/day for 6 weeks; all also 50 mg/kg/day elemental calcium.

limitations

Small pediatric trial; D and calcium effects cannot be separated; biochemical outcomes do not establish long-term comparative safety.

nutrient_topic

Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin D2 and D3

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The hormone response was not detectably different between these treatment groups.

primary_references

[gordon2008] Treatment of hypovitaminosis D in infants and toddlers. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413426/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2790

tissue_or_cell_type

Human circulating measurements

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Vitamin D2 and D3: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1483–1494

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six-week randomized comparison in 40 infants/toddlers with 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL; all prescribed calcium · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### vd-gordon-pth PTH suppression did not differ significantly among the three vitamin D regimens given with calcium. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The hormone response was not detectably different between these treatment groups. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human circulating measurements experimental_model: Six-week randomized comparison in 40 infants/toddlers with 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL; all prescribed calcium limitations: Small pediatric trial; D and calcium effects cannot be separated; biochemical outcomes do not establish long-term comparative safety. exposure: D2 2000 IU/day, D2 50, 000 IU/week or D3 2000 IU/day for 6 weeks; all also 50 mg/kg/day elemental calcium. cross_nutrient: true [gordon2008] Treatment of hypovitaminosis D in infants and toddlers. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18413426/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2790

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

experimental_model

Nine healthy women; controlled 2000-to-300 mg/day calcium diet change and oral 47Ca retention

limitations

Small controlled study; low intake is not proof of symptomatic deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Low intake recruits a hormonal response.

primary_references

[dawsonhughes1988] Effect of lowering dietary calcium intake on fractional whole body calcium retention (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3132484/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-67-1-62

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 291–300

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine healthy women; controlled 2000-to-300 mg/day calcium diet change and oral 47Ca retention · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### low-calcium-intake-increases-pth Reducing calcium intake from 2000 to 300 mg/day increased intact PTH within one week in nine healthy women. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Low intake recruits a hormonal response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood experimental_model: Nine healthy women; controlled 2000-to-300 mg/day calcium diet change and oral 47Ca retention limitations: Small controlled study; low intake is not proof of symptomatic deficiency. [dawsonhughes1988] Effect of lowering dietary calcium intake on fractional whole body calcium retention (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3132484/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem-67-1-62

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women

exposure

Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods

limitations

Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium.

nutrient_topic

Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron

organism

Human

plain_language

The study did not demonstrate that boron improves mineral balance by raising or lowering PTH.

primary_references

[boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/

tissue_or_cell_type

Mineral balance and endocrine measurements

Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 781–792

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### boron-pth-null-2004 The tested boron and magnesium dietary treatments did not significantly affect serum PTH in the 2004 study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study did not demonstrate that boron improves mineral balance by raising or lowering PTH. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance and endocrine measurements experimental_model: Double-blind Latin-square metabolic-unit feeding in 13 postmenopausal women limitations: Boron had no obvious overall effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. Results cannot establish boron as a treatment for hypomagnesemia or a substitute for magnesium. exposure: Approximately 118 versus 318 mg Mg/day and 0.25 versus 3.25 mg B/day; 42-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/15724868.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2138, "text_sha256": "7009311021e781ba9b1e9a9244c081cf20700511cc8704e8294b1a2c55dc0e24"} [boron-p15724868] The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15724868/

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/30518682.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e1d37261355eedeff60d9715e7eb88b6718641ed868c5b3ab64fceaf62c15e6d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2381, "text_sha256": "e1d37261355eedeff60d9715e7eb88b6718641ed868c5b3ab64fceaf62c15e6d"}

experimental_model

Randomized iron-formulation comparison with physiological substudy

exposure

One trial course of ferric carboxymaltose or ferumoxytol; follow-up five weeks

limitations

Formulation-specific drug effect, not dietary iron. FGF23 was associated with the downstream changes; the exact reason the formulations differ was not settled.

nutrient_topic

Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Phosphorus

organism

Human

plain_language

The parathyroid response added another hormone affecting renal phosphate handling.

primary_references

[phosphorus-p30518682] Randomized trial of intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30518682/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124486

tissue_or_cell_type

Iron-deficiency anemia; n=1997 parent trial, n=185 substudy

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Phosphorus: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1037–1048

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized iron-formulation comparison with physiological substudy · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### phosphorus-iron-pth PTH increased in the ferric-carboxymaltose-associated phosphate-wasting cascade. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The parathyroid response added another hormone affecting renal phosphate handling. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Iron-deficiency anemia; n=1997 parent trial, n=185 substudy experimental_model: Randomized iron-formulation comparison with physiological substudy limitations: Formulation-specific drug effect, not dietary iron. FGF23 was associated with the downstream changes; the exact reason the formulations differ was not settled. exposure: One trial course of ferric carboxymaltose or ferumoxytol; follow-up five weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/30518682.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e1d37261355eedeff60d9715e7eb88b6718641ed868c5b3ab64fceaf62c15e6d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2381, "text_sha256": "e1d37261355eedeff60d9715e7eb88b6718641ed868c5b3ab64fceaf62c15e6d"} [phosphorus-p30518682] Randomized trial of intravenous iron-induced hypophosphatemia. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30518682/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124486

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/21030580.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e51a1cd580ac4ea7b0232f65c73ac0814df6bff655bf7bd6d0d82f7f9f21a33e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1603, "text_sha256": "e51a1cd580ac4ea7b0232f65c73ac0814df6bff655bf7bd6d0d82f7f9f21a33e"}

experimental_model

Paired 36-hour dietary interventions

exposure

Low/high phosphate and calcium diets, separated by a week

limitations

Both calcium and phosphate changed; phosphate alone cannot be assigned the full effect. Timing and circadian variation matter.

nutrient_topic

Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Phosphorus

organism

Human

plain_language

Changing calcium alongside phosphate produced a different PTH pattern than a phosphate-only cell challenge.

primary_references

[phosphorus-p21030580] Effects of dietary phosphate and calcium intake on fibroblast growth factor-23. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030580/ DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04730510

tissue_or_cell_type

Ten healthy adults; serial serum measurements and 24-hour urine

Phosphorus: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 972–983

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Paired 36-hour dietary interventions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### phosphorus-mixed-diet-pth PTH declined during the higher-phosphate/calcium regimen even while FGF23 increased. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing calcium alongside phosphate produced a different PTH pattern than a phosphate-only cell challenge. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Ten healthy adults; serial serum measurements and 24-hour urine experimental_model: Paired 36-hour dietary interventions limitations: Both calcium and phosphate changed; phosphate alone cannot be assigned the full effect. Timing and circadian variation matter. exposure: Low/high phosphate and calcium diets, separated by a week evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/21030580.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e51a1cd580ac4ea7b0232f65c73ac0814df6bff655bf7bd6d0d82f7f9f21a33e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1603, "text_sha256": "e51a1cd580ac4ea7b0232f65c73ac0814df6bff655bf7bd6d0d82f7f9f21a33e"} [phosphorus-p21030580] Effects of dietary phosphate and calcium intake on fibroblast growth factor-23. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030580/ DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04730510