Circulating total testosterone concentration

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27

exposure

Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks

limitations

Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect.

nutrient_topic

Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron

organism

Human

plain_language

This controlled study did not find a testosterone benefit.

primary_references

[boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140

tissue_or_cell_type

Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes

Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 976–987

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### boron-bodybuilding-testosterone-null Boron supplementation did not significantly improve total or free testosterone relative to placebo in the seven-week bodybuilding study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This controlled study did not find a testosterone benefit. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes experimental_model: Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 limitations: Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect. exposure: Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"} [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women

exposure

About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants

limitations

Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects.

nutrient_topic

Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron

organism

Human

plain_language

A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule.

primary_references

[boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698

tissue_or_cell_type

Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 651–662

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### boron-testosterone-1987 Boron supplementation increased circulating testosterone in the 1987 postmenopausal feeding study, with an apparently larger response when dietary magnesium was low. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hormone measurement rose in this small study; later findings do not support a reliable hormone-boosting rule. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic mineral balance and circulating hormones experimental_model: Sequential controlled feeding in a metabolic unit; 12 postmenopausal women limitations: Small sequential study, not a fracture or bone-density trial. Diet and magnesium status matter. Later studies did not consistently reproduce the reported effects. exposure: About 0.25 mg boron/day for 119 days, then 3 mg/day supplement; seven low-magnesium and five adequate-magnesium participants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/3678698.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1373, "text_sha256": "8f95ac01b63502b366e2bd79785b7203deb793d258df065f13cc1e0123c89fb7"} [boron-p3678698] Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3678698/ DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.1.5.3678698

evidence_access

Primary full text

experimental_model

Eight men per placebo, 3 g and 6 g arm; at least two years of resistance training.

limitations

Small groups and short duration; calculated free testosterone is not a direct free-hormone assay.

nutrient_topic

D-Aspartate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · D-Aspartate

plain_language

More was not better in this short dose-comparison trial.

primary_references

Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844073/ · DOI 10.1186/s12970-015-0078-7

D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 344–350

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Eight men per placebo, 3 g and 6 g arm; at least two years of resistance training. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## d-aspartate-human-dose-trial More was not better in this short dose-comparison trial. In a 24-man resistance-trained trial, 3 g/day for 14 days did not change testosterone; 6 g/day lowered total and calculated free testosterone. Model: Eight men per placebo, 3 g and 6 g arm; at least two years of resistance training. Limitations: Small groups and short duration; calculated free testosterone is not a direct free-hormone assay. Evidence access: Primary full text Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844073/ · DOI 10.1186/s12970-015-0078-7

evidence_access

Primary full text

experimental_model

23 treated and 20 placebo men; 3.12 g/day sodium D-aspartate, B6/folate/B12 in both arms.

limitations

Not a general testosterone-boosting effect; same cohort as the LH claim, not independent evidence.

nutrient_topic

D-Aspartate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · D-Aspartate

plain_language

The early testosterone result belongs to this specific short study.

primary_references

The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19860889/ · DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-7-120

D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 328–334

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 23 treated and 20 placebo men; 3.12 g/day sodium D-aspartate, B6/folate/B12 in both arms. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## d-aspartate-human-early-testosterone The early testosterone result belongs to this specific short study. The same 12-day sodium D-aspartate study reported mean testosterone rising from 4.5 to 6.4 ng/mL; the matched-vitamin placebo group showed no corresponding increase. Model: 23 treated and 20 placebo men; 3.12 g/day sodium D-aspartate, B6/folate/B12 in both arms. Limitations: Not a general testosterone-boosting effect; same cohort as the LH claim, not independent evidence. Evidence access: Primary full text The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19860889/ · DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-7-120

evidence_access

Primary full text

experimental_model

22 randomized, 19 completed; resistance training four days weekly.

limitations

Overlapping investigators with the 2015 trial; not independent laboratory replication. Hormonal and training endpoints are distinct.

nutrient_topic

D-Aspartate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · D-Aspartate

plain_language

The longer higher-dose trial also failed to show a testosterone advantage.

primary_references

The effects of d-aspartic acid supplementation in resistance-trained men over a three month training period: A randomised controlled trial. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28841667/ · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0182630

D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 352–358

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 22 randomized, 19 completed; resistance training four days weekly. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## d-aspartate-human-longer-trial The longer higher-dose trial also failed to show a testosterone advantage. A 12-week 6 g/day trial in trained men found no testosterone benefit or added strength/hypertrophy benefit over placebo. Model: 22 randomized, 19 completed; resistance training four days weekly. Limitations: Overlapping investigators with the 2015 trial; not independent laboratory replication. Hormonal and training endpoints are distinct. Evidence access: Primary full text The effects of d-aspartic acid supplementation in resistance-trained men over a three month training period: A randomised controlled trial. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28841667/ · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0182630

evidence_access

Primary abstract

experimental_model

Randomized blinded resistance-training trial; four training days per week.

limitations

Different population, formulation and duration from the early sodium-salt study; absence of benefit here is not proof of no effect in every population.

nutrient_topic

D-Aspartate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · D-Aspartate

plain_language

A later trained-population trial did not reproduce a testosterone increase.

primary_references

D-aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24074738/ · DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.010

D-Aspartate: synthesis, clearance, neural and endocrine mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 336–342

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized blinded resistance-training trial; four training days per week. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## d-aspartate-human-trained-3g A later trained-population trial did not reproduce a testosterone increase. In resistance-trained men, 3 g/day D-aspartic acid for 28 days did not improve testosterone, strength or body composition relative to placebo. Model: Randomized blinded resistance-training trial; four training days per week. Limitations: Different population, formulation and duration from the early sodium-salt study; absence of benefit here is not proof of no effect in every population. Evidence access: Primary abstract D-aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24074738/ · DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.010

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up

exposure

0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks

limitations

Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation.

nutrient_topic

Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron

organism

Human postmenopausal volunteers

plain_language

The earlier hormone rise was not reproduced under this shorter regimen.

primary_references

[boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087

tissue_or_cell_type

Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 716–727

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### boron-human-estradiol-null-1993 The 1993 low-boron/supplementation study found no effect of the added boron on measured plasma sex steroids. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The earlier hormone rise was not reproduced under this shorter regimen. organism: Human postmenopausal volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Mineral balance, hormones and bone-turnover markers experimental_model: Metabolic-unit low-intake/supplementation follow-up limitations: Small, short sequential study. The background diet produced positive calcium balance with increased urinary calcium; the authors proposed that this could mask a boron effect, but did not prove the explanation. exposure: 0.33 mg boron/day for three weeks, then an additional 3 mg/day for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8329361.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1079, "text_sha256": "3e6e2137f75699ea6dce582375f335a85139fea1cfa7ec502f033e8bfe026d63"} [boron-p8329361] The influence of a low-boron diet and boron supplementation on bone, major mineral and sex steroid metabolism in postmenopausal women. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329361/ DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930087

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Occupational observational study; 212 male workers

exposure

Extreme-exposure subgroup n=98; estimated daily boron exposure mean 47.17 ± 17.47 mg; blood boron mean 570.6 ± 160.1 ng/g

limitations

Observed absence of an association does not prove safety at all exposures or rule out selection, confounding or unmeasured outcomes. Do not extend the authors’ broad safety conclusion beyond the observed data.

nutrient_topic

Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron

organism

Human

plain_language

The observed workers did not show the predicted changes in the measured outcomes; this does not cancel the animal toxicity evidence or establish universal safety.

primary_references

[boron-p30143848] Evaluation of FSH, LH, testosterone levels and semen parameters in male boron workers under extreme exposure conditions. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30143848/ DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2296-7

tissue_or_cell_type

Semen and circulating FSH, LH and testosterone

Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 1184–1195

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Occupational observational study; 212 male workers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### boron-worker-semen-observation This worker study did not detect boron-associated adverse semen or measured reproductive-hormone effects, including in its highest-exposure subgroup. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The observed workers did not show the predicted changes in the measured outcomes; this does not cancel the animal toxicity evidence or establish universal safety. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Semen and circulating FSH, LH and testosterone experimental_model: Occupational observational study; 212 male workers limitations: Observed absence of an association does not prove safety at all exposures or rule out selection, confounding or unmeasured outcomes. Do not extend the authors’ broad safety conclusion beyond the observed data. exposure: Extreme-exposure subgroup n=98; estimated daily boron exposure mean 47.17 ± 17.47 mg; blood boron mean 570.6 ± 160.1 ng/g evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/30143848.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1123, "text_sha256": "84c4eb762a64b875d8586c084c3b64e9ec0b2246cba0f05164d94b04d7b26899"} [boron-p30143848] Evaluation of FSH, LH, testosterone levels and semen parameters in male boron workers under extreme exposure conditions. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30143848/ DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2296-7