Component

Skeletal muscle strength

Skeletal muscle strength. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. The trial found no improvement in strength or other major clinical variables despite minor exercise effects.

    Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system → Skeletal muscle strength source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind crossover trial
    exposure
    CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days
    limitations
    Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients
    plain_language
    Mitochondrial disease does not automatically imply a broad response to CoQ.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Exercise and clinical function

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1243–1254

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-mitochondrial-strength-null The trial found no improvement in strength or other major clinical variables despite minor exercise effects. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Mitochondrial disease does not automatically imply a broad response to CoQ. organism: 30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients tissue_or_cell_type: Exercise and clinical function experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover trial limitations: Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study. exposure: CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"} [coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Boron supplementation did not significantly improve measured strength or lean body mass relative to placebo, although both groups improved with training.

    Boron → Skeletal muscle strength source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"}
    experimental_model
    Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27
    exposure
    Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks
    limitations
    Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Boron
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The training gains were not evidence of a boron effect.
    primary_references
    [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes

    Boron: chemistry, nutrient interactions, low-intake studies and mechanistic uncertainties (2026-09-17) · lines 989–1000

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### boron-bodybuilding-strength-null Boron supplementation did not significantly improve measured strength or lean body mass relative to placebo, although both groups improved with training. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Boron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The training gains were not evidence of a boron effect. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Hormone, lean-mass and strength outcomes experimental_model: Placebo-controlled supplementation trial; 19 male bodybuilders aged 20–27 limitations: Small trial in a training context; null results do not prove absence of effects at all doses or in all populations. Training-related improvement in both groups was not a boron effect. exposure: Ten participants received 2.5 mg boron/day and nine placebo for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/boron-research/8508192.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1032, "text_sha256": "91f7c44f1eb8036fa77ee50cc2cc993c8fcf0bd65f26752b1c9d6d504db34770"} [boron-p8508192] The effect of boron supplementation on lean body mass, plasma testosterone levels, and strength in male bodybuilders. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.3.2.140
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Improvements in one-repetition maximum leg press were similar between immersion and control groups, whereas increases in type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area were attenuated with immersion.

    Cold water immersion → Skeletal muscle strength source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/31513450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2195, "text_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872"}
    experimental_model
    Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery
    exposure
    15 minutes at 10 degrees C after each session, three days a week for seven weeks
    limitations
    A second training study with molecular endpoints. It reproduces the fibre-size result but not the strength result, which is the disagreement recorded in this collection.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Here the cold cost fibre size but not the weight people could lift.
    primary_references
    [cold-p31513450] Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513450/ DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2019
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 832–843

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-cwi-strength-preserved Improvements in one-repetition maximum leg press were similar between immersion and control groups, whereas increases in type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area were attenuated with immersion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Here the cold cost fibre size but not the weight people could lift. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle experimental_model: Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery limitations: A second training study with molecular endpoints. It reproduces the fibre-size result but not the strength result, which is the disagreement recorded in this collection. exposure: 15 minutes at 10 degrees C after each session, three days a week for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/31513450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2195, "text_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872"} [cold-p31513450] Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513450/ DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2019
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Serum CoQ increased from 1.3 to 5.2 micrograms/mL with ubiquinol, without improved muscle strength or aerobic performance.

    Reduced CoQ10 → Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25545331.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2aad217d0053cae8ea41f5be8ee7e0be0fa83f83d779f34e30fabe2a0b29c837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1976, "text_sha256": "2aad217d0053cae8ea41f5be8ee7e0be0fa83f83d779f34e30fabe2a0b29c837"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind trial after blinded symptom confirmation
    exposure
    600 mg/day ubiquinol with simvastatin 20 mg/day for eight weeks
    limitations
    Small confirmed-myalgia sample; null outcome is not proof that every other regimen is ineffective.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    41 subjects with confirmed simvastatin myalgia
    plain_language
    A larger blood pool did not guarantee a functional response.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p25545331] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with confirmed statin myopathy. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25545331/ DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.016
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Pain, muscle performance and serum CoQ

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1178–1189

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind trial after blinded symptom confirmation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-statin-plasma-not-function Serum CoQ increased from 1.3 to 5.2 micrograms/mL with ubiquinol, without improved muscle strength or aerobic performance. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A larger blood pool did not guarantee a functional response. organism: 41 subjects with confirmed simvastatin myalgia tissue_or_cell_type: Pain, muscle performance and serum CoQ experimental_model: Randomized double-blind trial after blinded symptom confirmation limitations: Small confirmed-myalgia sample; null outcome is not proof that every other regimen is ineffective. exposure: 600 mg/day ubiquinol with simvastatin 20 mg/day for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25545331.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2aad217d0053cae8ea41f5be8ee7e0be0fa83f83d779f34e30fabe2a0b29c837", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1976, "text_sha256": "2aad217d0053cae8ea41f5be8ee7e0be0fa83f83d779f34e30fabe2a0b29c837"} [coq10-p25545331] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with confirmed statin myopathy. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25545331/ DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.016
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Strength and muscle mass increased more with active recovery than with cold water immersion, with isokinetic work up 19%, type II fibre cross-sectional area up 17% and myonuclei per fibre up 26% in the active recovery group but not the immersion group.

    Cold water immersion → Skeletal muscle fibre hypertrophy source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26174323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1595, "text_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d"}
    experimental_model
    Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men
    exposure
    10 minutes of cold water immersion after each training session, twice weekly for 12 weeks
    limitations
    A randomised training study with muscle biopsies. It measures long-term adaptation rather than acute recovery, which is why it can disagree with the soreness literature without contradicting it.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Twelve weeks of plunging after lifting left people smaller and weaker than not plunging.
    primary_references
    [cold-p26174323] Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174323/ DOI: 10.1113/jp270570
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 806–817

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-cwi-blunts-hypertrophy Strength and muscle mass increased more with active recovery than with cold water immersion, with isokinetic work up 19%, type II fibre cross-sectional area up 17% and myonuclei per fibre up 26% in the active recovery group but not the immersion group. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Twelve weeks of plunging after lifting left people smaller and weaker than not plunging. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle experimental_model: Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men limitations: A randomised training study with muscle biopsies. It measures long-term adaptation rather than acute recovery, which is why it can disagree with the soreness literature without contradicting it. exposure: 10 minutes of cold water immersion after each training session, twice weekly for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26174323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1595, "text_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d"} [cold-p26174323] Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174323/ DOI: 10.1113/jp270570
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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