Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/27856618.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1261, "text_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485"}

experimental_model

Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics

exposure

Genetic or pharmacological CoQ depletion and in-vitro repletion

limitations

Tissue-specific disease models; mouse residual percentages are not diagnostic human thresholds.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

Human fibroblasts/HeLa cells and Pdss2 mutant mice

plain_language

A low CoQ pool can disrupt another pathway before considering ATP alone.

primary_references

[coq10-p27856618] Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856618/ DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356

tissue_or_cell_type

Sulfide oxidation and tissue CoQ

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 541–552

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-coq-sulfide-loss CoQ-deficient human fibroblasts had impaired sulfide oxidation proportional to their residual CoQ. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A low CoQ pool can disrupt another pathway before considering ATP alone. organism: Human fibroblasts/HeLa cells and Pdss2 mutant mice tissue_or_cell_type: Sulfide oxidation and tissue CoQ experimental_model: Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics limitations: Tissue-specific disease models; mouse residual percentages are not diagnostic human thresholds. exposure: Genetic or pharmacological CoQ depletion and in-vitro repletion evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/27856618.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1261, "text_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485"} [coq10-p27856618] Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856618/ DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/27856618.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1261, "text_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485"}

experimental_model

Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics

exposure

Genetic or pharmacological CoQ depletion and in-vitro repletion

limitations

Tissue-specific disease models; mouse residual percentages are not diagnostic human thresholds.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

Human fibroblasts/HeLa cells and Pdss2 mutant mice

plain_language

Supplying the missing carrier improved the tested disposal pathway in cells.

primary_references

[coq10-p27856618] Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856618/ DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356

tissue_or_cell_type

Sulfide oxidation and tissue CoQ

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 554–565

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-coq-sulfide-rescue CoQ supplementation rescued sulfide-pathway biochemical abnormalities in deficient fibroblasts. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Supplying the missing carrier improved the tested disposal pathway in cells. organism: Human fibroblasts/HeLa cells and Pdss2 mutant mice tissue_or_cell_type: Sulfide oxidation and tissue CoQ experimental_model: Patient fibroblasts, biosynthesis inhibition and mouse genetics limitations: Tissue-specific disease models; mouse residual percentages are not diagnostic human thresholds. exposure: Genetic or pharmacological CoQ depletion and in-vitro repletion evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/27856618.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1261, "text_sha256": "a8b98767d3bed9661c05c7b82b55817b6d9912abd8bfc9dd9d59ca9763025485"} [coq10-p27856618] Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27856618/ DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21540551.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f01d7d237328376c3eb1ed5a3c2c1ee7561d78fb3890101ab5e8eb678c64def", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1142, "text_sha256": "3f01d7d237328376c3eb1ed5a3c2c1ee7561d78fb3890101ab5e8eb678c64def"}

experimental_model

Human pedigrees, yeast validation, podocyte and zebrafish knockdown

exposure

COQ6 variants; cell/embryo knockdown and CoQ treatment

limitations

The canonical podocyte process is the cell endpoint; zebrafish apoptosis was also studied. Partial model rescue is not universal clinical reversal.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

13 humans from seven families plus model systems

plain_language

Replacing the carrier helped in models of a specific synthesis defect.

primary_references

[coq10-p21540551] COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21540551/ DOI: 10.1172/jci45693

tissue_or_cell_type

Renal podocytes and inner-ear disease

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1022–1033

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human pedigrees, yeast validation, podocyte and zebrafish knockdown · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-coq6-model-rescue CoQ treatment partly reversed apoptosis after Coq6 knockdown in podocyte and zebrafish models. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Replacing the carrier helped in models of a specific synthesis defect. organism: 13 humans from seven families plus model systems tissue_or_cell_type: Renal podocytes and inner-ear disease experimental_model: Human pedigrees, yeast validation, podocyte and zebrafish knockdown limitations: The canonical podocyte process is the cell endpoint; zebrafish apoptosis was also studied. Partial model rescue is not universal clinical reversal. exposure: COQ6 variants; cell/embryo knockdown and CoQ treatment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21540551.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f01d7d237328376c3eb1ed5a3c2c1ee7561d78fb3890101ab5e8eb678c64def", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1142, "text_sha256": "3f01d7d237328376c3eb1ed5a3c2c1ee7561d78fb3890101ab5e8eb678c64def"} [coq10-p21540551] COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21540551/ DOI: 10.1172/jci45693

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/32188111.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "651570863e9a81a09c85040d74da26366d5b9f94145d97cac6aad48378597ce6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1662, "text_sha256": "651570863e9a81a09c85040d74da26366d5b9f94145d97cac6aad48378597ce6"}

experimental_model

Randomized three-period crossover pharmacokinetic study

exposure

Single equivalent 100-mg doses in three formulations

limitations

Small single-dose formulation comparison; plasma exposure is not tissue delivery or clinical efficacy. Product-specific findings cannot rank every ubiquinone or ubiquinol product.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

21 healthy adults aged 65-74

plain_language

The formulation mattered; the redox-form label alone did not establish superiority.

primary_references

[coq10-p32188111] Comparative Bioavailability of Different Coenzyme Q10 Formulations in Healthy Elderly Individuals. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32188111/ DOI: 10.3390/nu12030784

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma total CoQ and redox state over 48 hours

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 879–890

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized three-period crossover pharmacokinetic study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-formulation-exposure The tested water-soluble formulation had 2.4-fold higher baseline-corrected exposure than standard ubiquinone capsules; the ubiquinol-capsule comparison was not statistically significant. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The formulation mattered; the redox-form label alone did not establish superiority. organism: 21 healthy adults aged 65-74 tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma total CoQ and redox state over 48 hours experimental_model: Randomized three-period crossover pharmacokinetic study limitations: Small single-dose formulation comparison; plasma exposure is not tissue delivery or clinical efficacy. Product-specific findings cannot rank every ubiquinone or ubiquinol product. exposure: Single equivalent 100-mg doses in three formulations evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/32188111.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "651570863e9a81a09c85040d74da26366d5b9f94145d97cac6aad48378597ce6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1662, "text_sha256": "651570863e9a81a09c85040d74da26366d5b9f94145d97cac6aad48378597ce6"} [coq10-p32188111] Comparative Bioavailability of Different Coenzyme Q10 Formulations in Healthy Elderly Individuals. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32188111/ DOI: 10.3390/nu12030784

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"}

experimental_model

Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial

exposure

100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy

limitations

One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure

plain_language

This trial found a benefit on clinical events when CoQ was added to usual care.

primary_references

[coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

tissue_or_cell_type

Short-term function and two-year clinical events

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1087–1098

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-heart-failure-events Two-year major adverse events occurred in 15% on CoQ versus 26% on placebo, hazard ratio 0.50 (95% CI 0.32-0.80). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This trial found a benefit on clinical events when CoQ was added to usual care. organism: 420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure tissue_or_cell_type: Short-term function and two-year clinical events experimental_model: Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial limitations: One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment. exposure: 100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"} [coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"}

experimental_model

Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial

exposure

100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy

limitations

One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure

plain_language

Mortality was a reported secondary outcome, separate from symptom markers.

primary_references

[coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

tissue_or_cell_type

Short-term function and two-year clinical events

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1100–1111

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-heart-failure-mortality All-cause mortality was 10% versus 18%, and cardiovascular mortality was 9% versus 16%, favoring CoQ in Q-SYMBIO. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Mortality was a reported secondary outcome, separate from symptom markers. organism: 420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure tissue_or_cell_type: Short-term function and two-year clinical events experimental_model: Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial limitations: One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment. exposure: 100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"} [coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"}

experimental_model

Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial

exposure

100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy

limitations

One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure

plain_language

The early markers did not mirror the later event finding.

primary_references

[coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

tissue_or_cell_type

Short-term function and two-year clinical events

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1113–1124

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-heart-failure-short The 16-week NT-proBNP, NYHA-class and six-minute-walk endpoints did not significantly change between trial groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The early markers did not mirror the later event finding. organism: 420 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure tissue_or_cell_type: Short-term function and two-year clinical events experimental_model: Q-SYMBIO randomized double-blind multicenter trial limitations: One adjunctive-treatment trial; recruitment preceded current heart-failure regimens. Does not show universal benefit or replacement of standard treatment. exposure: 100 mg CoQ10 three times daily added to standard therapy evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25282031.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2024, "text_sha256": "20ff9f86de1fab16a33ecadfb2c4e09e9017860f01854cfecf490d473fb8fb65"} [coq10-p25282031] The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.06.008

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/15728298.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 533, "text_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial

exposure

CoQ10 100 mg three times daily

limitations

Small preventive trial; third-month endpoint, not proof of correction of a diagnosed CoQ deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

42 migraine patients

plain_language

A small migraine trial reported fewer attacks.

primary_references

[coq10-p15728298] Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728298/ DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000151975.03598.ed

tissue_or_cell_type

Attack frequency and headache days

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1191–1202

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-migraine-adult The 50% responder rate for attack frequency was 47.6% with CoQ versus 14.4% with placebo in the third treatment month. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A small migraine trial reported fewer attacks. organism: 42 migraine patients tissue_or_cell_type: Attack frequency and headache days experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small preventive trial; third-month endpoint, not proof of correction of a diagnosed CoQ deficiency. exposure: CoQ10 100 mg three times daily evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/15728298.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 533, "text_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f"} [coq10-p15728298] Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728298/ DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000151975.03598.ed

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21586650.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2235, "text_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial

exposure

CoQ10 100 mg with standardized multidisciplinary care

limitations

Substantial attrition; early improvement and final between-group outcome are different analyses.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

120 children/adolescents randomized; 50 analyzed at final endpoint

plain_language

A pediatric study did not establish a lasting added benefit beyond the background care.

primary_references

[coq10-p21586650] A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, add-on study of CoEnzyme Q10 in the prevention of pediatric and adolescent migraine. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586650/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102411406755

tissue_or_cell_type

Migraine outcomes

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1204–1215

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-migraine-child At day 224, headache outcomes did not differ between CoQ and placebo; both groups improved over time. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A pediatric study did not establish a lasting added benefit beyond the background care. organism: 120 children/adolescents randomized; 50 analyzed at final endpoint tissue_or_cell_type: Migraine outcomes experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial limitations: Substantial attrition; early improvement and final between-group outcome are different analyses. exposure: CoQ10 100 mg with standardized multidisciplinary care evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21586650.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2235, "text_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292"} [coq10-p21586650] A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, add-on study of CoEnzyme Q10 in the prevention of pediatric and adolescent migraine. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586650/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102411406755

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind crossover trial

exposure

CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days

limitations

Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients

plain_language

Some exercise measurements changed in this heterogeneous group.

primary_references

[coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758

tissue_or_cell_type

Exercise and clinical function

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1230–1241

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-mitochondrial-exercise CoQ modestly attenuated exercise-related lactate rise and improved one cycling oxygen-consumption measure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some exercise measurements changed in this heterogeneous group. organism: 30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients tissue_or_cell_type: Exercise and clinical function experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover trial limitations: Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study. exposure: CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"} [coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind crossover trial

exposure

CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days

limitations

Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients

plain_language

Mitochondrial disease does not automatically imply a broad response to CoQ.

primary_references

[coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758

tissue_or_cell_type

Exercise and clinical function

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1243–1254

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-mitochondrial-strength-null The trial found no improvement in strength or other major clinical variables despite minor exercise effects. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Mitochondrial disease does not automatically imply a broad response to CoQ. organism: 30 mitochondrial-cytopathy patients tissue_or_cell_type: Exercise and clinical function experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover trial limitations: Heterogeneous mitochondrial disease, not exclusively genetically proven primary CoQ deficiency; small short study. exposure: CoQ10 1200 mg/day for 60 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/20886510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1053, "text_sha256": "7df48f2e8cf3da738d09c37cb1e96cb62a3eceae213ff722b49855ea174f863e"} [coq10-p20886510] A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20886510/ DOI: 10.1002/mus.21758

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/42435122.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59862dedc0e8ce5d72cf95f5f04a1d16e447cc16e9f2310fac81d15fb1fa9aa4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1715, "text_sha256": "59862dedc0e8ce5d72cf95f5f04a1d16e447cc16e9f2310fac81d15fb1fa9aa4"}

experimental_model

Retrospective longitudinal clinical cohort

exposure

CoQ supplementation; median initial dose 10 mg/kg/day

limitations

2026 observational cohort without untreated randomization; incomplete 12-month data and genotype-specific context.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

12 Japanese patients: 11 COQ8B and one COQ6

plain_language

The treatment signal was in a genetically defined disease, not routine tiredness.

primary_references

[coq10-p42435122] Kidney outcomes of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in patients with genetically confirmed CoQ10 nephropathy in Japan. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42435122/ DOI: 10.1007/s10157-026-02917-7

tissue_or_cell_type

Genetically confirmed CoQ nephropathy

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1048–1059

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Retrospective longitudinal clinical cohort · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-nephropathy-proteinuria Median protein-to-creatinine ratio fell from 1.66 to 0.19 g/gCr at 12 months; six of seven patients with 12-month data had at least a 50% reduction. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The treatment signal was in a genetically defined disease, not routine tiredness. organism: 12 Japanese patients: 11 COQ8B and one COQ6 tissue_or_cell_type: Genetically confirmed CoQ nephropathy experimental_model: Retrospective longitudinal clinical cohort limitations: 2026 observational cohort without untreated randomization; incomplete 12-month data and genotype-specific context. exposure: CoQ supplementation; median initial dose 10 mg/kg/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/42435122.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59862dedc0e8ce5d72cf95f5f04a1d16e447cc16e9f2310fac81d15fb1fa9aa4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1715, "text_sha256": "59862dedc0e8ce5d72cf95f5f04a1d16e447cc16e9f2310fac81d15fb1fa9aa4"} [coq10-p42435122] Kidney outcomes of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in patients with genetically confirmed CoQ10 nephropathy in Japan. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42435122/ DOI: 10.1007/s10157-026-02917-7

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/24664227.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b1f301e82d4650432dab586db0be51f96e131f3c6084af9aebde932e8072676b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 3023, "text_sha256": "b1f301e82d4650432dab586db0be51f96e131f3c6084af9aebde932e8072676b"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind phase III trial

exposure

CoQ10 1200 or 2400 mg/day; all groups received 1200 IU/day vitamin E

limitations

Vitamin E was a common background intervention; this comparison cannot identify its independent effect.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

600 early-Parkinson patients

plain_language

A plausible mitochondrial mechanism did not translate into slower Parkinson progression in this trial.

primary_references

[coq10-p24664227] A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: no evidence of benefit. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24664227/ DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.131

tissue_or_cell_type

UPDRS progression

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1217–1228

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind phase III trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-parkinson-null Neither CoQ dose slowed UPDRS worsening versus placebo; the trial stopped for futility. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A plausible mitochondrial mechanism did not translate into slower Parkinson progression in this trial. organism: 600 early-Parkinson patients tissue_or_cell_type: UPDRS progression experimental_model: Randomized double-blind phase III trial limitations: Vitamin E was a common background intervention; this comparison cannot identify its independent effect. exposure: CoQ10 1200 or 2400 mg/day; all groups received 1200 IU/day vitamin E evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/24664227.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b1f301e82d4650432dab586db0be51f96e131f3c6084af9aebde932e8072676b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 3023, "text_sha256": "b1f301e82d4650432dab586db0be51f96e131f3c6084af9aebde932e8072676b"} [coq10-p24664227] A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: no evidence of benefit. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24664227/ DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.131

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/22626835.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1797, "text_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial

exposure

Selenium plus CoQ10 versus placebo; 5.2-year follow-up

limitations

Combined intervention without selenium-only and CoQ-only arms; no independent CoQ effect or statistical nutrient synergy can be identified.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

443 Swedish adults aged 70-88

plain_language

A heart-stress marker also differed; this was the same trial, not an independent replication.

primary_references

[coq10-p22626835] Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22626835/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156

tissue_or_cell_type

Cardiovascular mortality and cardiac measurements

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1139–1150

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-selenium-combination-marker Mean NT-proBNP at 48 months was 214 ng/L in the combined-treatment group versus 302 ng/L with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A heart-stress marker also differed; this was the same trial, not an independent replication. organism: 443 Swedish adults aged 70-88 tissue_or_cell_type: Cardiovascular mortality and cardiac measurements experimental_model: Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial limitations: Combined intervention without selenium-only and CoQ-only arms; no independent CoQ effect or statistical nutrient synergy can be identified. exposure: Selenium plus CoQ10 versus placebo; 5.2-year follow-up evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/22626835.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1797, "text_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587"} [coq10-p22626835] Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22626835/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/22626835.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1797, "text_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial

exposure

Selenium plus CoQ10 versus placebo; 5.2-year follow-up

limitations

Combined intervention without selenium-only and CoQ-only arms; no independent CoQ effect or statistical nutrient synergy can be identified.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

443 Swedish adults aged 70-88

plain_language

The combination had a favorable result, but the design cannot tell how much came from each component.

primary_references

[coq10-p22626835] Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22626835/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156

tissue_or_cell_type

Cardiovascular mortality and cardiac measurements

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1126–1137

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-selenium-combination-mortality Cardiovascular mortality was 5.9% with combined selenium/CoQ versus 12.6% with placebo in the Swedish trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The combination had a favorable result, but the design cannot tell how much came from each component. organism: 443 Swedish adults aged 70-88 tissue_or_cell_type: Cardiovascular mortality and cardiac measurements experimental_model: Randomized double-blind combined-supplement trial limitations: Combined intervention without selenium-only and CoQ-only arms; no independent CoQ effect or statistical nutrient synergy can be identified. exposure: Selenium plus CoQ10 versus placebo; 5.2-year follow-up evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/22626835.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1797, "text_sha256": "68f71b162945240d48d14b42d132856ad242c2cc57640eae3a60a3aaa2706587"} [coq10-p22626835] Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22626835/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"}

experimental_model

Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial

exposure

CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks

limitations

One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia

plain_language

A measured muscle pool and the pain outcome must be assessed separately.

primary_references

[coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698

tissue_or_cell_type

Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 996–1007

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-statin-2022-pain-null The 2022 trial found no effect on myalgia; individual changes in muscle CoQ did not correlate with changes in symptom intensity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A measured muscle pool and the pain outcome must be assessed separately. organism: 37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial limitations: One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse. exposure: CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"} [coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"}

experimental_model

Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial

exposure

CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks

limitations

One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia

plain_language

Taking more did not ensure delivery or functional change in the sampled muscle.

primary_references

[coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698

tissue_or_cell_type

Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 983–994

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-statin-muscle-repletion-null CoQ supplementation did not increase muscle CoQ or alter measured mitochondrial respiratory function, content or reactive-oxygen-species production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Taking more did not ensure delivery or functional change in the sampled muscle. organism: 37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial limitations: One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse. exposure: CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"} [coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25375075.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1b3bae22ef80093dd226d2bebbc1791ac08e3952c694f801a72f308fd7258e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1622, "text_sha256": "c1b3bae22ef80093dd226d2bebbc1791ac08e3952c694f801a72f308fd7258e4"}

experimental_model

Randomized placebo-controlled study

exposure

CoQ10 50 mg twice daily for 30 days

limitations

Small short study; symptoms were not confirmed by a blinded statin-placebo lead-in as in the later trial.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

50 statin-treated patients reporting mild-to-moderate muscle symptoms

plain_language

One trial found less muscle pain with added CoQ.

primary_references

[coq10-p25375075] Coenzyme Q10 supplementation decreases statin-related mild-to-moderate muscle symptoms: a randomized clinical study. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375075/ DOI: 10.12659/msm.890777

tissue_or_cell_type

Brief Pain Inventory scores

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1152–1163

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-statin-pain-positive Pain severity and interference improved relative to placebo after 30 days of CoQ in the 50-patient study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One trial found less muscle pain with added CoQ. organism: 50 statin-treated patients reporting mild-to-moderate muscle symptoms tissue_or_cell_type: Brief Pain Inventory scores experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled study limitations: Small short study; symptoms were not confirmed by a blinded statin-placebo lead-in as in the later trial. exposure: CoQ10 50 mg twice daily for 30 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/25375075.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c1b3bae22ef80093dd226d2bebbc1791ac08e3952c694f801a72f308fd7258e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1622, "text_sha256": "c1b3bae22ef80093dd226d2bebbc1791ac08e3952c694f801a72f308fd7258e4"} [coq10-p25375075] Coenzyme Q10 supplementation decreases statin-related mild-to-moderate muscle symptoms: a randomized clinical study. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375075/ DOI: 10.12659/msm.890777

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/9621803.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "510d412753fc2f3ff7e974beda97125c6112e530d6379145495e56fa01adb498", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 752, "text_sha256": "510d412753fc2f3ff7e974beda97125c6112e530d6379145495e56fa01adb498"}

experimental_model

Case report with supplement withdrawal

exposure

CoQ10 exposure then discontinuation

limitations

Single case; temporal association is not proof of mechanism or interaction frequency. Chemical similarity does not establish vitamin K activity.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

72-year-old woman taking warfarin

plain_language

A possible drug interaction was reported, but one case cannot determine how often it occurs.

primary_references

[coq10-p9621803] [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9621803/

tissue_or_cell_type

Anticoagulant response

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1256–1267

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Case report with supplement withdrawal · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-warfarin-case The case report described reduced warfarin responsiveness during CoQ use and recovery after withdrawal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A possible drug interaction was reported, but one case cannot determine how often it occurs. organism: 72-year-old woman taking warfarin tissue_or_cell_type: Anticoagulant response experimental_model: Case report with supplement withdrawal limitations: Single case; temporal association is not proof of mechanism or interaction frequency. Chemical similarity does not establish vitamin K activity. exposure: CoQ10 exposure then discontinuation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/9621803.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "510d412753fc2f3ff7e974beda97125c6112e530d6379145495e56fa01adb498", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 752, "text_sha256": "510d412753fc2f3ff7e974beda97125c6112e530d6379145495e56fa01adb498"} [coq10-p9621803] [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9621803/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/12772396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0c668036863182db6c07a131179cd78f773088609808e320fdee5fe34d2d9d14", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1260, "text_sha256": "0c668036863182db6c07a131179cd78f773088609808e320fdee5fe34d2d9d14"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial

exposure

CoQ10 100 mg/day for four weeks; separate ginkgo and placebo periods

limitations

Small short trial with dose adjustment to maintain INR. Same trial was reported in a 2002 letter; not independent replication.

nutrient_topic

Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system

organism

24 stable warfarin-treated outpatients; three withdrawals

plain_language

A small controlled study did not demonstrate the interaction reported in cases.

primary_references

[coq10-p12772396] [Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial]. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12772396/

tissue_or_cell_type

INR and adjusted weekly warfarin dose

Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1269–1280

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### coq10-warfarin-trial INR remained stable and mean warfarin dose did not change significantly during CoQ versus placebo periods. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A small controlled study did not demonstrate the interaction reported in cases. organism: 24 stable warfarin-treated outpatients; three withdrawals tissue_or_cell_type: INR and adjusted weekly warfarin dose experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Small short trial with dose adjustment to maintain INR. Same trial was reported in a 2002 letter; not independent replication. exposure: CoQ10 100 mg/day for four weeks; separate ginkgo and placebo periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/12772396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0c668036863182db6c07a131179cd78f773088609808e320fdee5fe34d2d9d14", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1260, "text_sha256": "0c668036863182db6c07a131179cd78f773088609808e320fdee5fe34d2d9d14"} [coq10-p12772396] [Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial]. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12772396/

evidence_access

Primary full text

experimental_model

Ammonium metavanadate diets reported as 30 or 45 mg V/kg feed; 42-day duck study.

limitations

Observational pathway measurements after exposure, not direct enzyme inhibition or a human ferroptosis mechanism. Methods inconsistently say three and four groups while listing control plus two exposure groups.

nutrient_topic

Vanadium collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Vanadium

plain_language

An animal toxicity study links the exposure to a lipid-defense pathway.

primary_references

Dual-pathway mechanism of vanadium-induced hepatotoxicity in ducks: Synergistic crosstalk between glucose homeostasis disruption and NADH/FSP1/COQ10 axis-driven ferroptosis. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362732/ · DOI 10.7150/ijbs.123482

Vanadium: speciation, phosphate-sensitive enzymes and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 358–364

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ammonium metavanadate diets reported as 30 or 45 mg V/kg feed; 42-day duck study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## vanadium-duck-redox-axis An animal toxicity study links the exposure to a lipid-defense pathway. Dietary vanadium overexposure in ducks was associated with lower NADH/FSP1/CoQ10-axis measures and increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and Fe2+ accumulation. Model: Ammonium metavanadate diets reported as 30 or 45 mg V/kg feed; 42-day duck study. Limitations: Observational pathway measurements after exposure, not direct enzyme inhibition or a human ferroptosis mechanism. Methods inconsistently say three and four groups while listing control plus two exposure groups. Evidence access: Primary full text Dual-pathway mechanism of vanadium-induced hepatotoxicity in ducks: Synergistic crosstalk between glucose homeostasis disruption and NADH/FSP1/COQ10 axis-driven ferroptosis. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362732/ · DOI 10.7150/ijbs.123482

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_access

Primary abstract

experimental_model

Human mitochondrial disease study and functional models.

limitations

This does not demonstrate that oral methionine, SAM, CoQ10 or lipoate repairs the transporter.

nutrient_topic

L-Methionine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Methionine

plain_language

One transport gate connects methyl-donor supply with other cofactors.

primary_references

Intra-mitochondrial Methylation Deficiency Due to Mutations in SLC25A26. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26522469/ · DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.013

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

L-Methionine: transport, methylation, sulfur metabolism and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 124–130

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human mitochondrial disease study and functional models. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## methionine-mitochondrial-cofactor-products One transport gate connects methyl-donor supply with other cofactors. SLC25A26 mutations were associated with impaired CoQ10 and lipoic-acid biosynthesis in the functional study. Model: Human mitochondrial disease study and functional models. Limitations: This does not demonstrate that oral methionine, SAM, CoQ10 or lipoate repairs the transporter. Evidence access: Primary abstract Intra-mitochondrial Methylation Deficiency Due to Mutations in SLC25A26. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26522469/ · DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.013

evidence_access

Primary abstract

experimental_model

Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease.

limitations

Does not establish causal cardiomyopathy, tissue deficiency or the same effect from a specified red yeast rice product.

nutrient_topic

Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice

plain_language

A constituent has human CoQ observations, with major study limitations.

primary_references

[2247468] Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2247468/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8931

Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 84–90

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## red-yeast-rice-human-lovastatin-coq A constituent has human CoQ observations, with major study limitations. The 1990 human lovastatin report observed reductions in circulating CoQ10 during drug exposure in five hospitalized patients and a separately monitored volunteer. Model: Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease. Limitations: Does not establish causal cardiomyopathy, tissue deficiency or the same effect from a specified red yeast rice product. Evidence access: Primary abstract [2247468] Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2247468/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8931

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_access

Primary abstract

experimental_model

Male ICR mice, 1 or 5 g/kg oral gavage.

limitations

The abstract repeats the heart label in its time-course description; precise tissue-specific onset is not reconstructed from that ambiguous wording.

nutrient_topic

Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice

plain_language

A second tissue showed a measured change.

primary_references

[15705235] Acute administration of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705235/ · DOI 10.1079/bjn20041285

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 100–106

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Male ICR mice, 1 or 5 g/kg oral gavage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## red-yeast-rice-mouse-ryr-heart-coq A second tissue showed a measured change. The same acute mouse study reported lower cardiac CoQ10 after red yeast rice gavage, with greater suppression at the higher dose. Model: Male ICR mice, 1 or 5 g/kg oral gavage. Limitations: The abstract repeats the heart label in its time-course description; precise tissue-specific onset is not reconstructed from that ambiguous wording. Evidence access: Primary abstract [15705235] Acute administration of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705235/ · DOI 10.1079/bjn20041285

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_access

Primary abstract

experimental_model

Soybean-oil preparation; eight mice per experimental subgroup, sampled from 0.5 to 24 hours.

limitations

High-dose rodent exposure; the abstract describes controls killed immediately, so time and feeding controls limit interpretation. No human dose equivalence is inferred.

nutrient_topic

Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice

plain_language

The mixture itself was tested in mice at high doses.

primary_references

[15705235] Acute administration of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705235/ · DOI 10.1079/bjn20041285

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 92–98

AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Soybean-oil preparation; eight mice per experimental subgroup, sampled from 0.5 to 24 hours. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

## red-yeast-rice-mouse-ryr-liver-coq The mixture itself was tested in mice at high doses. Acute red yeast rice gavage at 1 or 5 g/kg reduced hepatic CoQ10 in male ICR mice, with suppression still reported at 24 hours. Model: Soybean-oil preparation; eight mice per experimental subgroup, sampled from 0.5 to 24 hours. Limitations: High-dose rodent exposure; the abstract describes controls killed immediately, so time and feeding controls limit interpretation. No human dose equivalence is inferred. Evidence access: Primary abstract [15705235] Acute administration of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705235/ · DOI 10.1079/bjn20041285