Component

Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

14 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. The original monacolin K study prepared acid forms by saponifying lactones in 0.1 N NaOH at 50 degrees C for two hours.

    Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone → Lovastatin hydroxy acid / monacolin KA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary PDF, Methods p334
    experimental_model
    Chemical preparation for the 1980 biochemical study.
    limitations
    These laboratory conditions are not a claim about the rate or enzyme of human conversion.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Opening the lactone ring produces a different chemical form.
    primary_references
    [7380744] Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent that specifically inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. · 1980 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7380744/ · DOI 10.7164/antibiotics.33.334

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 44–50

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemical preparation for the 1980 biochemical study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-acid-preparation Opening the lactone ring produces a different chemical form. The original monacolin K study prepared acid forms by saponifying lactones in 0.1 N NaOH at 50 degrees C for two hours. Model: Chemical preparation for the 1980 biochemical study. Limitations: These laboratory conditions are not a claim about the rate or enzyme of human conversion. Evidence access: Primary PDF, Methods p334 [7380744] Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent that specifically inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. · 1980 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7380744/ · DOI 10.7164/antibiotics.33.334
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The 1990 human lovastatin report observed reductions in circulating CoQ10 during drug exposure in five hospitalized patients and a separately monitored volunteer.

    Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone → Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease.
    limitations
    Does not establish causal cardiomyopathy, tissue deficiency or the same effect from a specified red yeast rice product.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A constituent has human CoQ observations, with major study limitations.
    primary_references
    [2247468] Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2247468/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8931

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 84–90

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-human-lovastatin-coq A constituent has human CoQ observations, with major study limitations. The 1990 human lovastatin report observed reductions in circulating CoQ10 during drug exposure in five hospitalized patients and a separately monitored volunteer. Model: Small uncontrolled clinical series, including pre-existing cardiac disease. Limitations: Does not establish causal cardiomyopathy, tissue deficiency or the same effect from a specified red yeast rice product. Evidence access: Primary abstract [2247468] Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2247468/ · DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8931
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Monacolin K inhibited lipid labeling from acetate or HMG-CoA, but did not inhibit incorporation from supplied mevalonate at concentrations up to 10 mM.

    Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone → Mevalonate source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary PDF, p335 visually inspected
    experimental_model
    Rat liver cell-free nonsaponifiable-lipid synthesis; lactone and acid preparations tested.
    limitations
    A biochemical bypass is not a clinical repletion strategy; the 10 mM figure applies to tested monacolin concentrations, not human exposure.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Supplying the downstream intermediate bypassed the inhibited step in this assay.
    primary_references
    [7380744] Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent that specifically inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. · 1980 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7380744/ · DOI 10.7164/antibiotics.33.334

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 68–74

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat liver cell-free nonsaponifiable-lipid synthesis; lactone and acid preparations tested. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-mevalonate-bypass Supplying the downstream intermediate bypassed the inhibited step in this assay. Monacolin K inhibited lipid labeling from acetate or HMG-CoA, but did not inhibit incorporation from supplied mevalonate at concentrations up to 10 mM. Model: Rat liver cell-free nonsaponifiable-lipid synthesis; lactone and acid preparations tested. Limitations: A biochemical bypass is not a clinical repletion strategy; the 10 mM figure applies to tested monacolin concentrations, not human exposure. Evidence access: Primary PDF, p335 visually inspected [7380744] Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent that specifically inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. · 1980 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7380744/ · DOI 10.7164/antibiotics.33.334
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. The 28-brand analytical study treated monacolin K in red yeast rice as chemically identical to lovastatin.

    Red yeast rice → Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    2017 commercial-product chemical analysis.
    limitations
    Chemical identity does not make the whole mixture identical to a lovastatin tablet or establish equal exposure.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A constituent can be the same molecule as a prescription drug.
    primary_references
    [28641460] Variability in strength of red yeast rice supplements purchased from mainstream retailers. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28641460/ · DOI 10.1177/2047487317715714

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 12–18

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 2017 commercial-product chemical analysis. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monacolin-identity A constituent can be the same molecule as a prescription drug. The 28-brand analytical study treated monacolin K in red yeast rice as chemically identical to lovastatin. Model: 2017 commercial-product chemical analysis. Limitations: Chemical identity does not make the whole mixture identical to a lovastatin tablet or establish equal exposure. Evidence access: Primary abstract [28641460] Variability in strength of red yeast rice supplements purchased from mainstream retailers. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28641460/ · DOI 10.1177/2047487317715714
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Monacolin K was undetected in two of 28 brands; the other 26 ranged from 0.09 to 5.48 mg per 1,200 mg red yeast rice.

    Red yeast rice → Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    UHPLC-based analysis of products purchased for the 2017 study.
    limitations
    A historical sample, not a measurement of current products or batches.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Equal masses of product delivered very different measured amounts.
    primary_references
    [28641460] Variability in strength of red yeast rice supplements purchased from mainstream retailers. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28641460/ · DOI 10.1177/2047487317715714

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 20–26

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · UHPLC-based analysis of products purchased for the 2017 study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monacolin-variability Equal masses of product delivered very different measured amounts. Monacolin K was undetected in two of 28 brands; the other 26 ranged from 0.09 to 5.48 mg per 1,200 mg red yeast rice. Model: UHPLC-based analysis of products purchased for the 2017 study. Limitations: A historical sample, not a measurement of current products or batches. Evidence access: Primary abstract [28641460] Variability in strength of red yeast rice supplements purchased from mainstream retailers. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28641460/ · DOI 10.1177/2047487317715714
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Lovastatin flux across Caco-2 monolayers was higher with the three product extracts than with pure lovastatin at a matched 25 micromolar concentration.

    LipoCol Forte, Xuezhikang and Cholestin extract panel studied in 2012 → Human Caco-2 apical-to-basolateral lovastatin flux source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969
    experimental_model
    Human intestinal-cell-line model.
    limitations
    Does not quantify intestinal absorption or oral bioavailability in humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A cell-layer transport result supported a mixture effect.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 140–146

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human intestinal-cell-line model. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-extract-caco2-flux A cell-layer transport result supported a mixture effect. Lovastatin flux across Caco-2 monolayers was higher with the three product extracts than with pure lovastatin at a matched 25 micromolar concentration. Model: Human intestinal-cell-line model. Limitations: Does not quantify intestinal absorption or oral bioavailability in humans. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969 [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP1A2 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations.

    LipoCol Forte, Xuezhikang and Cholestin extract panel studied in 2012 → Human cytochrome P450 1A2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system.
    limitations
    In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 108–114

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-extract-cyp1a2 The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP1A2 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations. Model: Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. Limitations: In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP2C19 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations.

    LipoCol Forte, Xuezhikang and Cholestin extract panel studied in 2012 → Human cytochrome P450 2C19 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system.
    limitations
    In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 116–122

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-extract-cyp2c19 The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP2C19 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations. Model: Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. Limitations: In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP3A4 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations.

    LipoCol Forte, Xuezhikang and Cholestin extract panel studied in 2012 → Human cytochrome P450 3A4 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system.
    limitations
    In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 124–130

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-extract-cyp3a4 The mixture changed an enzyme assay beyond its lovastatin content. The three 2012 red yeast rice product extracts inhibited human microsomal CYP3A4 more potently than pure lovastatin at matched nominal lovastatin concentrations. Model: Human liver microsomes; product concentrations normalized to 0.5–25 micromolar lovastatin, with an NADPH-generating system. Limitations: In-vitro inhibition is not a measured interaction with every drug using this enzyme; the additional responsible constituent was not identified. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969, CYP methods and results [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. The three product extracts inhibited P-glycoprotein transport activity more potently than pure lovastatin in the study assay.

    LipoCol Forte, Xuezhikang and Cholestin extract panel studied in 2012 → Human P-glycoprotein / ABCB1 / MDR1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969
    experimental_model
    Canine MDCK cells engineered with human MDR1; radiolabeled digoxin probe.
    limitations
    Human transporter in a canine host cell; not a clinical digoxin-interaction magnitude.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    An efflux transporter provides another exposure-related route.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 132–138

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Canine MDCK cells engineered with human MDR1; radiolabeled digoxin probe. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-extract-pgp An efflux transporter provides another exposure-related route. The three product extracts inhibited P-glycoprotein transport activity more potently than pure lovastatin in the study assay. Model: Canine MDCK cells engineered with human MDR1; radiolabeled digoxin probe. Limitations: Human transporter in a canine host cell; not a clinical digoxin-interaction magnitude. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969 [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Gemfibrozil did not significantly change parent lovastatin pharmacokinetic parameters in that LipoCol Forte experiment.

    Gemfibrozil → Human plasma exposure to lovastatin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969
    experimental_model
    Same 13 volunteers and dosing protocol.
    limitations
    The positive acid result must not be generalized to every measured chemical form.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The lactone and acid did not show the same interaction result.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 172–178

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same 13 volunteers and dosing protocol. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-gemfibrozil-lactone-null The lactone and acid did not show the same interaction result. Gemfibrozil did not significantly change parent lovastatin pharmacokinetic parameters in that LipoCol Forte experiment. Model: Same 13 volunteers and dosing protocol. Limitations: The positive acid result must not be generalized to every measured chemical form. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969 [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Repeated double-strength grapefruit juice increased lovastatin peak concentration about 12-fold and exposure area about 15-fold after an 80 mg dose in ten volunteers.

    Double-strength grapefruit juice in the 1998 lovastatin study → Human plasma exposure to lovastatin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose.
    limitations
    Prescription lovastatin and intensive juice regimen; not a measured red yeast rice interaction or a multiplier for ordinary juice intake.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Food-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure.
    primary_references
    [9585793] Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9585793/ · DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90034-0

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 180–186

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-grapefruit-lovastatin Food-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure. Repeated double-strength grapefruit juice increased lovastatin peak concentration about 12-fold and exposure area about 15-fold after an 80 mg dose in ten volunteers. Model: Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose. Limitations: Prescription lovastatin and intensive juice regimen; not a measured red yeast rice interaction or a multiplier for ordinary juice intake. Evidence access: Primary abstract [9585793] Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9585793/ · DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90034-0
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Itraconazole 100 mg daily for four days increased lovastatin peak concentration about 15-fold and exposure area more than 15-fold after a 40 mg dose in ten volunteers.

    Itraconazole → Human plasma exposure to lovastatin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized crossover prescription-lovastatin study; lovastatin-acid exposure also increased.
    limitations
    The numerical magnitude belongs to this drug regimen, not to untested red yeast rice preparations.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A drug interaction can substantially change constituent exposure.
    primary_references
    [9690949] Different effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and lovastatin. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9690949/ · DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00034.x

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 196–202

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover prescription-lovastatin study; lovastatin-acid exposure also increased. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-itraconazole A drug interaction can substantially change constituent exposure. Itraconazole 100 mg daily for four days increased lovastatin peak concentration about 15-fold and exposure area more than 15-fold after a 40 mg dose in ten volunteers. Model: Randomized crossover prescription-lovastatin study; lovastatin-acid exposure also increased. Limitations: The numerical magnitude belongs to this drug regimen, not to untested red yeast rice preparations. Evidence access: Primary abstract [9690949] Different effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and lovastatin. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9690949/ · DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00034.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. In 14 volunteers, single doses of one, two or four LipoCol Forte capsules produced dose-related lovastatin and lovastatin-acid exposure; one capsule twice daily for five days produced no significant accumulation.

    LipoCol Forte red yeast rice preparation studied in 2012 → Human plasma exposure to lovastatin hydroxy acid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC3513969
    experimental_model
    Human fed-state dose and repeat-dose study; 600 mg per capsule.
    limitations
    Does not establish identical kinetics for other formulations, chronic use or interacting-drug conditions.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The measured product had a defined short-term exposure profile.
    primary_references
    [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 148–154

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human fed-state dose and repeat-dose study; 600 mg per capsule. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-lipocol-dose-response The measured product had a defined short-term exposure profile. In 14 volunteers, single doses of one, two or four LipoCol Forte capsules produced dose-related lovastatin and lovastatin-acid exposure; one capsule twice daily for five days produced no significant accumulation. Model: Human fed-state dose and repeat-dose study; 600 mg per capsule. Limitations: Does not establish identical kinetics for other formulations, chronic use or interacting-drug conditions. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC3513969 [23227093] Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23227093/ · DOI 10.1155/2012/127043
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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