{"id":"a7241662-85e4-57f2-bb51-ad9eeff802d5","stable_key":"4910e17b-aaec-52cd-b9e5-caca85d817ee:red-yeast-rice-grapefruit-lovastatin","predicate":"increases_tested","statement":"Repeated double-strength grapefruit juice increased lovastatin peak concentration about 12-fold and exposure area about 15-fold after an 80 mg dose in ten volunteers.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"9f54b681-f067-52d2-88e0-25853463e327","mechanism_event_label":"Food-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure.","subject":{"id":"9866945f-c9c2-52b1-aca1-9fff5b57e60d","slug":"double-strength-grapefruit-juice","display_name":"Double-strength grapefruit juice in the 1998 lovastatin study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"d4154949-85ce-5c98-9f32-af94e72d613a","slug":"human-lovastatin-plasma-exposure","display_name":"Human plasma exposure to lovastatin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"9f54b681-f067-52d2-88e0-25853463e327","stable_key":"4910e17b-aaec-52cd-b9e5-caca85d817ee:red-yeast-rice-grapefruit-lovastatin-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Food-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure.","description":"Repeated double-strength grapefruit juice increased lovastatin peak concentration about 12-fold and exposure area about 15-fold after an 80 mg dose in ten volunteers.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9866945f-c9c2-52b1-aca1-9fff5b57e60d","slug":"double-strength-grapefruit-juice","display_name":"Double-strength grapefruit juice in the 1998 lovastatin study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d4154949-85ce-5c98-9f32-af94e72d613a","slug":"human-lovastatin-plasma-exposure","display_name":"Human plasma exposure to lovastatin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5d0ea9bb-cce8-5e13-aa3d-37db2215386e","slug":"lovastatin","display_name":"Lovastatin / monacolin K lactone","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"54e95ff1-4ffa-5e6f-a4cb-b47e5d2a5bda","slug":"cyp3a4","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 3A4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Prescription lovastatin and intensive juice regimen; not a measured red yeast rice interaction or a multiplier for ordinary juice intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"red-yeast-rice","display_name":"Red yeast rice","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Food-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[9585793] Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9585793/ · DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90034-0","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d28eeb0b-d366-515a-a07a-08983d665de5","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 180-186","start_line":180,"end_line":186,"excerpt":"## red-yeast-rice-grapefruit-lovastatin\nFood-related inhibition of first-pass handling can change drug exposure.\nRepeated double-strength grapefruit juice increased lovastatin peak concentration about 12-fold and exposure area about 15-fold after an 80 mg dose in ten volunteers.\nModel: Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose.\nLimitations: Prescription lovastatin and intensive juice regimen; not a measured red yeast rice interaction or a multiplier for ordinary juice intake.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\n[9585793] Grapefruit juice greatly increases serum concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9585793/ · DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90034-0","model_system":"Randomized crossover: 200 mL three times daily for two days, with further juice around the day-three dose.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"261a12bc-3d00-52a4-a5ec-70e174390596","stable_key":"import-4910e17b-aaec-52cd-b9e5-caca85d817ee","title":"Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"271bbcecaaacc76ad4d06718ae592dc6a1b33e3e459adfdd36cbd0ac5f09c0f6","revision_id":"9c30956c-206c-5c49-ae42-81b070088e26","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}