Component

Migraine attack frequency

Measured process or biological entity; consult each linked claim for the experimental scope.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. The 50% responder rate for attack frequency was 47.6% with CoQ versus 14.4% with placebo in the third treatment month.

    Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/15728298.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 533, "text_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    CoQ10 100 mg three times daily
    limitations
    Small preventive trial; third-month endpoint, not proof of correction of a diagnosed CoQ deficiency.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    42 migraine patients
    plain_language
    A small migraine trial reported fewer attacks.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p15728298] Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728298/ DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000151975.03598.ed
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Attack frequency and headache days

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1191–1202

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-migraine-adult The 50% responder rate for attack frequency was 47.6% with CoQ versus 14.4% with placebo in the third treatment month. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A small migraine trial reported fewer attacks. organism: 42 migraine patients tissue_or_cell_type: Attack frequency and headache days experimental_model: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small preventive trial; third-month endpoint, not proof of correction of a diagnosed CoQ deficiency. exposure: CoQ10 100 mg three times daily evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/15728298.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 533, "text_sha256": "efc7a89a0f36fb7248716b6a3e951d719b4e7f2c1051cd8ea50b61a1f4e4941f"} [coq10-p15728298] Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15728298/ DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000151975.03598.ed
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. At day 224, headache outcomes did not differ between CoQ and placebo; both groups improved over time.

    Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21586650.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2235, "text_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial
    exposure
    CoQ10 100 mg with standardized multidisciplinary care
    limitations
    Substantial attrition; early improvement and final between-group outcome are different analyses.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    120 children/adolescents randomized; 50 analyzed at final endpoint
    plain_language
    A pediatric study did not establish a lasting added benefit beyond the background care.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p21586650] A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, add-on study of CoEnzyme Q10 in the prevention of pediatric and adolescent migraine. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586650/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102411406755
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Migraine outcomes

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1204–1215

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-migraine-child At day 224, headache outcomes did not differ between CoQ and placebo; both groups improved over time. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A pediatric study did not establish a lasting added benefit beyond the background care. organism: 120 children/adolescents randomized; 50 analyzed at final endpoint tissue_or_cell_type: Migraine outcomes experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover add-on trial limitations: Substantial attrition; early improvement and final between-group outcome are different analyses. exposure: CoQ10 100 mg with standardized multidisciplinary care evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/21586650.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2235, "text_sha256": "f3500b1c0ad9329d8b4f4c4cc7bdadb07c8cae55e8d336dccf0265620aa25292"} [coq10-p21586650] A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover, add-on study of CoEnzyme Q10 in the prevention of pediatric and adolescent migraine. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21586650/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102411406755
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. A55-person adult migraine trial found lower attack frequency and headache days with riboflavin than placebo.

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 55 migraine patients; intention-to-treat analysis.
    exposure
    400 mg/day riboflavin or placebo for three months; pharmacological exposure.
    limitations
    Pharmacological dose, small sample and no direct mitochondrial mechanism measurement; prevention rather than acute pain relief.
    nutrient_topic
    Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A small adult trial found preventive benefit; it did not establish that migraine is a B2-deficiency disease.
    primary_references
    [b2-schoenen1998] Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9484373/ DOI: 10.1212/wnl.50.2.466
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Adults with migraine

    Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1717–1727

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 55 migraine patients; intention-to-treat analysis. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b2-migraine-adult-trial A55-person adult migraine trial found lower attack frequency and headache days with riboflavin than placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A small adult trial found preventive benefit; it did not establish that migraine is a B2-deficiency disease. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Adults with migraine experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 55 migraine patients; intention-to-treat analysis. limitations: Pharmacological dose, small sample and no direct mitochondrial mechanism measurement; prevention rather than acute pain relief. exposure: 400 mg/day riboflavin or placebo for three months; pharmacological exposure. [b2-schoenen1998] Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9484373/ DOI: 10.1212/wnl.50.2.466
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. In the 48-child trial,>=50% attack reduction occurred in 12/27 riboflavin versus 14/21 placebo participants; no primary or secondary endpoint differed significantly.

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 48 children with migraine.
    exposure
    200 mg/day riboflavin versus placebo; primary endpoint>=50% reduction in attack frequency; pharmacological exposure.
    limitations
    High placebo response and modest sample; null evidence does not prove impossibility of benefit in every child.
    nutrient_topic
    Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    One pediatric trial found no preventive advantage over placebo.
    primary_references
    [b2-maclennan2008] High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18984840/ DOI: 10.1177/0883073808318053
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Children with migraine

    Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1729–1739

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 48 children with migraine. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b2-migraine-child-null In the 48-child trial,>=50% attack reduction occurred in 12/27 riboflavin versus 14/21 placebo participants; no primary or secondary endpoint differed significantly. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One pediatric trial found no preventive advantage over placebo. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Children with migraine experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 48 children with migraine. limitations: High placebo response and modest sample; null evidence does not prove impossibility of benefit in every child. exposure: 200 mg/day riboflavin versus placebo; primary endpoint>=50% reduction in attack frequency; pharmacological exposure. [b2-maclennan2008] High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18984840/ DOI: 10.1177/0883073808318053
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. In the 90-child three-arm study,>=50% frequency reduction occurred in 24/30 on 200 mg/day versus 4/30 placebo; 100 mg/day did not show a significant benefit.

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    90 children ages 5-13 randomized equally to placebo, 100 mg or 200 mg riboflavin; 12-week trial.
    exposure
    100 or 200 mg/day riboflavin versus placebo; missing follow-up values carried forward from baseline; pharmacological exposure.
    limitations
    Single-center study, small arms and baseline values carried forward for missing follow-up; genotype and deficiency did not establish the reason for discordance.
    nutrient_topic
    Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A later pediatric trial reported benefit at the same 200 mg daily exposure used in the earlier negative study.
    primary_references
    [b2-talebian2018] Prophylactic effect of riboflavin on pediatric migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29629048/ DOI: 10.19082/6279
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Children with migraine

    Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1741–1751

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 90 children ages 5-13 randomized equally to placebo, 100 mg or 200 mg riboflavin; 12-week trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b2-migraine-child-positive In the 90-child three-arm study,>=50% frequency reduction occurred in 24/30 on 200 mg/day versus 4/30 placebo; 100 mg/day did not show a significant benefit. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A later pediatric trial reported benefit at the same 200 mg daily exposure used in the earlier negative study. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Children with migraine experimental_model: 90 children ages 5-13 randomized equally to placebo, 100 mg or 200 mg riboflavin; 12-week trial. limitations: Single-center study, small arms and baseline values carried forward for missing follow-up; genotype and deficiency did not establish the reason for discordance. exposure: 100 or 200 mg/day riboflavin versus placebo; missing follow-up values carried forward from baseline; pharmacological exposure. [b2-talebian2018] Prophylactic effect of riboflavin on pediatric migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29629048/ DOI: 10.19082/6279
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. The 42-child crossover trial found no significant migraine-frequency reduction with 50 mg/day riboflavin; tension-type phenotype headaches showed a separate positive signal.

    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) → Migraine attack frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    42 children ages 6-13 in randomized crossover trial; 14 also had tension-type headache.
    exposure
    50 mg/day riboflavin and placebo for 16 weeks each with four-week washout; pharmacological exposure.
    limitations
    Different dose from 200 mg trials, overlapping headache phenotypes and small sample; contextual result rather than a direct dose-matched contradiction.
    nutrient_topic
    Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The type of headache and study exposure matter; a signal for a different headache endpoint is not proof of migraine prevention.
    primary_references
    [b2-bruijn2010] Medium-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic agent in children with migraine: a preliminary placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974610/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102410365106
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Children with migraine and some interval tension-type headache

    Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1753–1763

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 42 children ages 6-13 in randomized crossover trial; 14 also had tension-type headache. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b2-migraine-lowdose-crossover The 42-child crossover trial found no significant migraine-frequency reduction with 50 mg/day riboflavin; tension-type phenotype headaches showed a separate positive signal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The type of headache and study exposure matter; a signal for a different headache endpoint is not proof of migraine prevention. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Children with migraine and some interval tension-type headache experimental_model: 42 children ages 6-13 in randomized crossover trial; 14 also had tension-type headache. limitations: Different dose from 200 mg trials, overlapping headache phenotypes and small sample; contextual result rather than a direct dose-matched contradiction. exposure: 50 mg/day riboflavin and placebo for 16 weeks each with four-week washout; pharmacological exposure. [b2-bruijn2010] Medium-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic agent in children with migraine: a preliminary placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974610/ DOI: 10.1177/0333102410365106
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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