Component

Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration

Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Muscle ubiquinone fell significantly in the simvastatin arm and did not fall in the atorvastatin or placebo arms.

    Atorvastatin → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    duration
    8 weeks
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    experimental_model
    48 patients with hypercholesterolaemia randomised to simvastatin 80 mg/d, atorvastatin 40 mg/d or placebo
    exposure
    Simvastatin 80 mg/d or atorvastatin 40 mg/d for 8 weeks
    limitations
    Endogenous cholesterol synthesis fell by 66 percent in both statin groups, so the muscle result is not explained by weaker target engagement; the simvastatin fall was from 39.7 to 26.4 nmol/g.
    organism
    48 patients with hypercholesterolaemia randomised to simvastatin 80 mg/d, atorvastatin 40 mg/d or placebo
    plain_language
    Muscle ubiquinone fell significantly in the simvastatin arm and did not fall in the atorvastatin or placebo arms.
    primary_references
    High-dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16003294/ DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.03.006
    route
    Oral
    tissue
    Skeletal muscle ubiquinone measured in biopsy specimens

    Atorvastatin: mechanism of action from target occupancy to isoprenoids, transport, muscle and metabolism (2026-09-22) · lines 177–186

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary studies resolved by PubMed title search and cross-checked against live PubMed metadata. Findings obtained with mevastatin, simvastatin or the statin class are recorded against those subjects. Study-specific citations, doses, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## atorvastatin-muscle-ubiquinone-null Muscle ubiquinone fell significantly in the simvastatin arm and did not fall in the atorvastatin or placebo arms. Model/species: 48 patients with hypercholesterolaemia randomised to simvastatin 80 mg/d, atorvastatin 40 mg/d or placebo Tissue/system: Skeletal muscle ubiquinone measured in biopsy specimens Exposure: Simvastatin 80 mg/d or atorvastatin 40 mg/d for 8 weeks Route: Oral Duration: 8 weeks Limits: Endogenous cholesterol synthesis fell by 66 percent in both statin groups, so the muscle result is not explained by weaker target engagement; the simvastatin fall was from 39.7 to 26.4 nmol/g. Primary reference: High-dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16003294/ DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.03.006 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. All seven patients in the 2007 ETFDH-associated myopathy series had significantly reduced muscle CoQ10.

    Human electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase / ETFDH → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/17412732.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "38627f0140b8d1f861ce0e836bc8ac1edc9684314e8d664f3040e1c3fff42494", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1533, "text_sha256": "38627f0140b8d1f861ce0e836bc8ac1edc9684314e8d664f3040e1c3fff42494"}
    experimental_model
    Genetic case series and muscle biochemistry
    exposure
    Biallelic ETFDH variants
    limitations
    Secondary CoQ depletion reported in this cohort; later cohorts did not reproduce universal muscle depletion.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    Seven patients from five families
    plain_language
    A defect outside the core COQ synthesis genes accompanied low muscle CoQ in this group.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p17412732] The myopathic form of coenzyme Q10 deficiency is caused by mutations in the electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412732/ DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm054
    tissue_or_cell_type
    ETFDH-associated myopathy
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1061–1072

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Genetic case series and muscle biochemistry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-etfdh-coq-low All seven patients in the 2007 ETFDH-associated myopathy series had significantly reduced muscle CoQ10. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A defect outside the core COQ synthesis genes accompanied low muscle CoQ in this group. organism: Seven patients from five families tissue_or_cell_type: ETFDH-associated myopathy experimental_model: Genetic case series and muscle biochemistry limitations: Secondary CoQ depletion reported in this cohort; later cohorts did not reproduce universal muscle depletion. exposure: Biallelic ETFDH variants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/17412732.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "38627f0140b8d1f861ce0e836bc8ac1edc9684314e8d664f3040e1c3fff42494", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1533, "text_sha256": "38627f0140b8d1f861ce0e836bc8ac1edc9684314e8d664f3040e1c3fff42494"} [coq10-p17412732] The myopathic form of coenzyme Q10 deficiency is caused by mutations in the electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412732/ DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm054
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Muscle CoQ was elevated in the 34-patient cohort but not significantly different from controls after normalization to citrate synthase.

    Human electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase / ETFDH → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/23628458.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4395652f36b9a39c5de72db7abb11b7f42b7e3124b1dfd3c8cd2a0212a9f7de6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4395652f36b9a39c5de72db7abb11b7f42b7e3124b1dfd3c8cd2a0212a9f7de6"}
    experimental_model
    Muscle HPLC, citrate-synthase normalization and mtDNA measurements
    exposure
    Genetically defined MADD cohort
    limitations
    Different variants/cohort from the earlier report; bulk concentration and concentration per mitochondrial mass are different measurements.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    34 riboflavin-responsive ETFDH-MADD patients
    plain_language
    More mitochondria can change a bulk tissue measurement without increasing CoQ per mitochondrial mass.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p23628458] Increased muscle coenzyme Q10 in riboflavin responsive MADD with ETFDH gene mutations due to secondary mitochondrial proliferation. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23628458/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.007
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Muscle CoQ and mitochondrial mass
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1074–1085

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Muscle HPLC, citrate-synthase normalization and mtDNA measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-etfdh-coq-normalized Muscle CoQ was elevated in the 34-patient cohort but not significantly different from controls after normalization to citrate synthase. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More mitochondria can change a bulk tissue measurement without increasing CoQ per mitochondrial mass. organism: 34 riboflavin-responsive ETFDH-MADD patients tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle CoQ and mitochondrial mass experimental_model: Muscle HPLC, citrate-synthase normalization and mtDNA measurements limitations: Different variants/cohort from the earlier report; bulk concentration and concentration per mitochondrial mass are different measurements. exposure: Genetically defined MADD cohort evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/23628458.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4395652f36b9a39c5de72db7abb11b7f42b7e3124b1dfd3c8cd2a0212a9f7de6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "4395652f36b9a39c5de72db7abb11b7f42b7e3124b1dfd3c8cd2a0212a9f7de6"} [coq10-p23628458] Increased muscle coenzyme Q10 in riboflavin responsive MADD with ETFDH gene mutations due to secondary mitochondrial proliferation. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23628458/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.007
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Muscle CoQ fell from 39.7 to 26.4 nmol/g with simvastatin 80 mg/day; it did not fall with atorvastatin 40 mg/day or placebo.

    Simvastatin → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/16003294.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6293a60171af6eb5cc8dc58449792c024ee282cdbcb80f777dc9156f4c44250b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1774, "text_sha256": "6293a60171af6eb5cc8dc58449792c024ee282cdbcb80f777dc9156f4c44250b"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with muscle biopsies
    exposure
    Simvastatin 80 mg/day, atorvastatin 40 mg/day or placebo for eight weeks
    limitations
    Different statin/dose regimens. Respiratory-enzyme comparison selected six simvastatin participants with marked CoQ decline and matched participants; not an unbiased whole-arm estimate.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    48 hypercholesterolemic adults in three groups
    plain_language
    Some regimens lowered the muscle pool, but the finding did not apply equally to every statin arm.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p16003294] High-dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16003294/ DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.03.006
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Muscle CoQ and respiratory enzymes
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 957–968

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with muscle biopsies · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-statin-muscle-low Muscle CoQ fell from 39.7 to 26.4 nmol/g with simvastatin 80 mg/day; it did not fall with atorvastatin 40 mg/day or placebo. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some regimens lowered the muscle pool, but the finding did not apply equally to every statin arm. organism: 48 hypercholesterolemic adults in three groups tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle CoQ and respiratory enzymes experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with muscle biopsies limitations: Different statin/dose regimens. Respiratory-enzyme comparison selected six simvastatin participants with marked CoQ decline and matched participants; not an unbiased whole-arm estimate. exposure: Simvastatin 80 mg/day, atorvastatin 40 mg/day or placebo for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/16003294.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6293a60171af6eb5cc8dc58449792c024ee282cdbcb80f777dc9156f4c44250b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1774, "text_sha256": "6293a60171af6eb5cc8dc58449792c024ee282cdbcb80f777dc9156f4c44250b"} [coq10-p16003294] High-dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16003294/ DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.03.006
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. CoQ supplementation did not increase muscle CoQ or alter measured mitochondrial respiratory function, content or reactive-oxygen-species production.

    Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial
    exposure
    CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks
    limitations
    One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia
    plain_language
    Taking more did not ensure delivery or functional change in the sampled muscle.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 983–994

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-statin-muscle-repletion-null CoQ supplementation did not increase muscle CoQ or alter measured mitochondrial respiratory function, content or reactive-oxygen-species production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Taking more did not ensure delivery or functional change in the sampled muscle. organism: 37 simvastatin-treated adults with or without myalgia tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle CoQ, mitochondrial function and symptoms experimental_model: Randomized placebo-controlled muscle-biopsy supplementation trial limitations: One formulation/regimen and a small sample; a failed tissue or clinical response cannot establish universal nonresponse. exposure: CoQ10 400 mg/day for eight weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/36139772.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1370, "text_sha256": "07baaf957ba2b166fce6e23f157e7d2123c92bea20032628c332c0a40639b992"} [coq10-p36139772] Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36139772/ DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091698
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. After four weeks, serum ubiquinone decreased while muscle ubiquinone increased; no participant developed myopathy.

    Simvastatin → Muscle coenzyme Q10 concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/7828383.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e6aac0f5f784ab8a43755c6c878ea010b8673acc19bfa41f7a1272880c745197", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 800, "text_sha256": "e6aac0f5f784ab8a43755c6c878ea010b8673acc19bfa41f7a1272880c745197"}
    experimental_model
    Short-term treatment with serum and muscle sampling
    exposure
    Four weeks of simvastatin
    limitations
    Small short-term study; serum and muscle moved differently. No participants developed myopathy; this does not exclude other regimens or vulnerable patients.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    Humans with hypercholesterolemia
    plain_language
    A falling blood result did not mean falling muscle supply in this study.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p7828383] Decreases in serum ubiquinone concentrations do not result in reduced levels in muscle tissue during short-term simvastatin treatment in humans. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7828383/ DOI: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90266-x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Serum versus skeletal-muscle CoQ

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 918–929

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Short-term treatment with serum and muscle sampling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-statin-serum-muscle After four weeks, serum ubiquinone decreased while muscle ubiquinone increased; no participant developed myopathy. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A falling blood result did not mean falling muscle supply in this study. organism: Humans with hypercholesterolemia tissue_or_cell_type: Serum versus skeletal-muscle CoQ experimental_model: Short-term treatment with serum and muscle sampling limitations: Small short-term study; serum and muscle moved differently. No participants developed myopathy; this does not exclude other regimens or vulnerable patients. exposure: Four weeks of simvastatin evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/7828383.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e6aac0f5f784ab8a43755c6c878ea010b8673acc19bfa41f7a1272880c745197", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 800, "text_sha256": "e6aac0f5f784ab8a43755c6c878ea010b8673acc19bfa41f7a1272880c745197"} [coq10-p7828383] Decreases in serum ubiquinone concentrations do not result in reduced levels in muscle tissue during short-term simvastatin treatment in humans. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7828383/ DOI: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90266-x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

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