Nutrient chapter

Nasunin

Nasunin is an acylated delphinidin anthocyanin found in some eggplant peels. Cis and trans isomers, purified pigment and mixed extracts are recorded separately. Evidence covers iron chemistry, redox responses and preclinical signaling; no essential-nutrient requirement or nasunin-deficiency syndrome is established.

80 recorded mechanisms · 3 availability situations · 4 preserved sources. Draft and verified records are labeled separately.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

The mechanisms

What the sources say this nutrient does, one relationship at a time. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Nasunin isolated from eggplant included a cis-p-coumaroyl isomer.
Nasunin → cis-Nasunin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"}
experimental_model
Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR
exposure
Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure
limitations
Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
One name can cover two distinguishable molecular forms.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
tissue_or_cell_type
Eggplant peel pigments
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 94–105
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-cis-identity Nasunin isolated from eggplant included a cis-p-coumaroyl isomer. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One name can cover two distinguishable molecular forms. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Eggplant peel pigments experimental_model: Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR limitations: Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism. exposure: Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"} [nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
Complete structured claim and evidence
A trans-p-coumaroyl isomer was separately identified.
Nasunin → trans-Nasunin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"}
experimental_model
Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR
exposure
Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure
limitations
Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
The trans form has its own database identity.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
tissue_or_cell_type
Eggplant peel pigments
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 107–118
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-trans-identity A trans-p-coumaroyl isomer was separately identified. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trans form has its own database identity. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Eggplant peel pigments experimental_model: Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR limitations: Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism. exposure: Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"} [nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
Complete structured claim and evidence
Spectrophotometry indicated a 2:1 nasunin:Fe(III) complex.
Nasunin → Ferric iron source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}
experimental_model
ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation
exposure
Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment
limitations
Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates
plain_language
Binding iron can change its chemical availability.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
tissue_or_cell_type
Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 536–547
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-ferric-complex Spectrophotometry indicated a 2:1 nasunin:Fe(III) complex. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Binding iron can change its chemical availability. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Changing DMPO concentration did not change the inhibition midpoint, supporting prevention of radical generation through iron chelation rather than direct hydroxyl-radical trapping.
Nasunin → Hydroxyl-radical generation in the specified assay source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"}
experimental_model
DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge
exposure
Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments
limitations
Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate
plain_language
Preventing a radical from forming differs from catching it afterward.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
tissue_or_cell_type
Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 575–586
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-fenton-prevention Changing DMPO concentration did not change the inhibition midpoint, supporting prevention of radical generation through iron chelation rather than direct hydroxyl-radical trapping. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Preventing a radical from forming differs from catching it afterward. organism: Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate tissue_or_cell_type: Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers experimental_model: DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge limitations: Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment. exposure: Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"} [nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Oral cis-nasunin appeared in plasma in its original acylated form, peaking at 15 minutes.
cis-Nasunin → Intact nasunin exposure in rat plasma source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The rat absorbed some intact pigment.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 718–729
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-cis-uptake Oral cis-nasunin appeared in plasma in its original acylated form, peaking at 15 minutes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The rat absorbed some intact pigment. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
The authors attributed additional extract activity to constituents including ascorbate and glutathione.
Nasunin-rich semi-purified eggplant peel extract → Antioxidant response of nasunin-rich peel preparations source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}
experimental_model
Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays
exposure
Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons
limitations
Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils
plain_language
The extract result cannot be assigned entirely to nasunin.
primary_references
[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
tissue_or_cell_type
Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 640–651
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-mixture-components The authors attributed additional extract activity to constituents including ascorbate and glutathione. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The extract result cannot be assigned entirely to nasunin. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
Complete structured claim and evidence
At 1 nM, nasunin increased intracellular glutathione in challenged cells.
trans-Nasunin → GSH source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
The response includes a molecule shared with several nutrient-dependent defenses.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 328–339
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-gsh At 1 nM, nasunin increased intracellular glutathione in challenged cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The response includes a molecule shared with several nutrient-dependent defenses. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated Akt phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells.
Nasunin → Mouse Akt protein family (isoform unresolved) source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
The direction applies to this inflammatory setting.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 276–287
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-akt-macrophage Nasunin attenuated Akt phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The direction applies to this inflammatory setting. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin prevented the challenge-associated loss of Akt phosphorylation.
trans-Nasunin → Mouse Akt protein family (isoform unresolved) source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
Here the protective response preserved signaling rather than suppressing it.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 393–404
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-akt Nasunin prevented the challenge-associated loss of Akt phosphorylation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Here the protective response preserved signaling rather than suppressing it. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Neutrophil-derived THBS1 engaged macrophage CD36 in the reported pathway.
Mouse thrombospondin-1 / Thbs1 → Mouse fatty-acid translocase / Cd36 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
One cell type can influence another through a secreted protein.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 419–430
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-thbs1-cd36 Neutrophil-derived THBS1 engaged macrophage CD36 in the reported pathway. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One cell type can influence another through a secreted protein. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin treatment suppressed the reported CD36-PPARgamma-POU2F2-c-Fos axis.
Nasunin → Mouse CD36-PPARgamma-POU2F2-c-Fos signaling axis source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
The treatment response is recorded without assuming direct inhibition of every member.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 471–482
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-nasunin-axis Nasunin treatment suppressed the reported CD36-PPARgamma-POU2F2-c-Fos axis. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The treatment response is recorded without assuming direct inhibition of every member. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC tube formation on reconstituted basement membrane.
Nasunin → Human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}
experimental_model
Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays
exposure
Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar
limitations
Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures
plain_language
The tube-formation endpoint was also negative.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
tissue_or_cell_type
Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 835–846
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-endothelial-tube-null Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC tube formation on reconstituted basement membrane. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tube-formation endpoint was also negative. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
Complete structured claim and evidence
The isolated cis and trans forms interconverted under room light.
cis-Nasunin → trans-Nasunin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"}
experimental_model
Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR
exposure
Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure
limitations
Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
Sample illumination can alter the isomer mixture.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
tissue_or_cell_type
Eggplant peel pigments
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 120–131
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-photoisomerization The isolated cis and trans forms interconverted under room light. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Sample illumination can alter the isomer mixture. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Eggplant peel pigments experimental_model: Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR limitations: Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism. exposure: Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"} [nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y
Complete structured claim and evidence
Functional SmelAAT overexpression increased nasunin accumulation in D3R-type eggplant lines.
Eggplant anthocyanin acyltransferase SmelAAT → Nasunin accumulation in eggplant peel source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"}
experimental_model
Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation
exposure
Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison
limitations
Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
An enzyme in the plant changes which pigment reaches the diet.
primary_references
[nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
tissue_or_cell_type
Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 133–144
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-aat-accumulation Functional SmelAAT overexpression increased nasunin accumulation in D3R-type eggplant lines. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme in the plant changes which pigment reaches the diet. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis experimental_model: Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation limitations: Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity. exposure: Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"} [nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
Complete structured claim and evidence
The deletion allele was associated with D3R retention and predicted loss of SmelAAT function.
Eggplant SmelAAT single-base deletion frameshift allele → Delphinidin 3-rutinoside / D3R source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"}
experimental_model
Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation
exposure
Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison
limitations
Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
The precursor remains when pigment-finishing machinery is impaired.
primary_references
[nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
tissue_or_cell_type
Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 146–157
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-aat-loss The deletion allele was associated with D3R retention and predicted loss of SmelAAT function. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The precursor remains when pigment-finishing machinery is impaired. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis experimental_model: Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation limitations: Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity. exposure: Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"} [nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
Complete structured claim and evidence
Smel5GT1 transcripts increased in the complemented lines; its role in terminal glycosylation was proposed.
Eggplant glucosyltransferase Smel5GT1 → Nasunin accumulation in eggplant peel source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"}
experimental_model
Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation
exposure
Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison
limitations
Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Solanum melongena
plain_language
This candidate enzyme is recorded without claiming its reaction was directly proven.
primary_references
[nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
tissue_or_cell_type
Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 159–170
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-5gt-candidate Smel5GT1 transcripts increased in the complemented lines; its role in terminal glycosylation was proposed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This candidate enzyme is recorded without claiming its reaction was directly proven. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis experimental_model: Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation limitations: Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity. exposure: Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"} [nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174
Complete structured claim and evidence
Across 123 accessions, nasunin dominated one pigment-profile type; other types had different major anthocyanins.
Nasunin → Nasunin accumulation in eggplant peel source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/18831559.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1129, "text_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f"}
experimental_model
123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays
exposure
HPLC structural characterization and DPPH/linoleic-acid radical tests
limitations
Pigment profiles vary by accession; a purple peel is not a quantitative nasunin assay. Cell-free antioxidant rankings do not rank human benefits.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Eggplant and related Solanum species; cell-free assays
plain_language
Not every eggplant supplies the same pigment mixture.
primary_references
[nasunin-p18831559] Structures and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18831559/ DOI: 10.1021/jf801322m
tissue_or_cell_type
Peel composition and radical scavenging
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 172–183
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-cultivar-composition Across 123 accessions, nasunin dominated one pigment-profile type; other types had different major anthocyanins. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Not every eggplant supplies the same pigment mixture. organism: Eggplant and related Solanum species; cell-free assays tissue_or_cell_type: Peel composition and radical scavenging experimental_model: 123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays limitations: Pigment profiles vary by accession; a purple peel is not a quantitative nasunin assay. Cell-free antioxidant rankings do not rank human benefits. exposure: HPLC structural characterization and DPPH/linoleic-acid radical tests evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/18831559.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1129, "text_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f"} [nasunin-p18831559] Structures and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18831559/ DOI: 10.1021/jf801322m
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced LPS-associated intracellular ROS accumulation.
Nasunin → ROS accumulation in RAW264 mouse macrophages source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
The stimulated immune cells showed a smaller oxidant readout.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 185–196
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-macrophage-ros Nasunin reduced LPS-associated intracellular ROS accumulation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The stimulated immune cells showed a smaller oxidant readout. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion.
Nasunin → Mouse tumor necrosis factor / Tnf source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
One inflammatory messenger decreased.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 198–209
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-tnf-release Nasunin reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One inflammatory messenger decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 secretion.
Nasunin → Mouse interleukin-6 / Il6 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
A second messenger decreased.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 211–222
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-il6-release Nasunin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second messenger decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced induced NOS2 expression.
Nasunin → Mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase / Nos2 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
Less of the inducible nitric-oxide enzyme was measured.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 224–235
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-nos2-expression Nasunin reduced induced NOS2 expression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the inducible nitric-oxide enzyme was measured. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced LPS-induced nitric-oxide production.
Nasunin → NO source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
Output from the stimulated pathway decreased.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 237–248
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-no-output Nasunin reduced LPS-induced nitric-oxide production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Output from the stimulated pathway decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin suppressed stimulus-associated I-kappa-B-alpha degradation.
Nasunin → Mouse inhibitor of NF-kappa-B alpha / Nfkbia source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
The inhibitory control protein was better retained.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 250–261
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-ikba-preservation Nasunin suppressed stimulus-associated I-kappa-B-alpha degradation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The inhibitory control protein was better retained. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced p65 nuclear translocation.
Nasunin → Mouse NF-kappa-B p65 / Rela source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
Less of this regulator moved into the nucleus.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 263–274
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-p65-localization Nasunin reduced p65 nuclear translocation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of this regulator moved into the nucleus. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated p38 phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells.
Nasunin → Mouse p38 MAP kinase family, isoform unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}
experimental_model
LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments
exposure
Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract
limitations
These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse RAW264 macrophages
plain_language
A separate kinase response also decreased.
primary_references
[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
tissue_or_cell_type
Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 289–300
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-p38-macrophage Nasunin attenuated p38 phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A separate kinase response also decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973
Complete structured claim and evidence
Pretreatment increased viability during t-BHP challenge.
trans-Nasunin → MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell viability source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
More challenged cells remained viable.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 302–313
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-survival Pretreatment increased viability during t-BHP challenge. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More challenged cells remained viable. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Pretreatment reduced apoptosis during t-BHP challenge.
trans-Nasunin → Osteoblast apoptosis source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
Fewer cells entered the measured death pathway.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 315–326
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-apoptosis Pretreatment reduced apoptosis during t-BHP challenge. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Fewer cells entered the measured death pathway. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin lowered intracellular ROS in challenged cells.
trans-Nasunin → ROS readout in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
The oxidant readout decreased.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 341–352
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-ros Nasunin lowered intracellular ROS in challenged cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The oxidant readout decreased. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in the alkaline-phosphatase marker.
trans-Nasunin → Alkaline phosphatase differentiation marker in MC3T3-E1 cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
A differentiation marker was better maintained.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 354–365
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-alp Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in the alkaline-phosphatase marker. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A differentiation marker was better maintained. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in collagen content.
trans-Nasunin → Collagen accumulation in osteoblastic cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
The measured matrix component was better retained.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 367–378
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-collagen Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in collagen content. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The measured matrix component was better retained. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin prevented challenge-associated disruption of cytoskeleton organization.
trans-Nasunin → Cytoskeleton organization in MC3T3-E1 cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
The cells retained their internal structural organization.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 380–391
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-cytoskeleton Nasunin prevented challenge-associated disruption of cytoskeleton organization. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cells retained their internal structural organization. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
LY294002 reversed nasunin-associated protection and worsened t-BHP cytotoxicity.
LY294002 → MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell viability source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"}
experimental_model
Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition
exposure
Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM
limitations
Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
plain_language
The pathway must remain functional for this observed protection.
primary_references
[nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
tissue_or_cell_type
Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 406–417
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-bone-pi3k-dependence LY294002 reversed nasunin-associated protection and worsened t-BHP cytotoxicity. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The pathway must remain functional for this observed protection. organism: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Survival, differentiation markers, redox state and Akt signaling experimental_model: Oxidant-challenged osteoblast-like cells with pharmacological pathway inhibition limitations: Cell-line protection does not establish bone-density or fracture benefits in humans. PI3K inhibition supports pathway involvement, not direct nasunin binding. exposure: Purified trans-nasunin pretreatment 0.1 nM-1 micromolar; t-BHP 250 micromolar for 3 h; redox/function experiments at 1 nM evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/bone2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1187, "text_sha256": "83d6dc95bb4cccd5028a3908a5a44639274f59f18e1cea4b13f6133b9fe726dc"} [nasunin-pbone2016] Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress (2016). https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/378237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007
Complete structured claim and evidence
CD36 signaling activated PPARgamma in the reported pathway.
Mouse fatty-acid translocase / Cd36 → Mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma / Pparg source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
The receptor response reaches a transcriptional regulator.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 432–443
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-cd36-pparg CD36 signaling activated PPARgamma in the reported pathway. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The receptor response reaches a transcriptional regulator. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
PPARgamma increased POU2F2 transcription.
Mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma / Pparg → Mouse POU class 2 homeobox 2 / Pou2f2 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
A second regulator links the upstream signal to cell differentiation.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 445–456
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-pparg-pou2f2 PPARgamma increased POU2F2 transcription. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second regulator links the upstream signal to cell differentiation. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
POU2F2 promoted osteoclastogenesis through c-Fos induction.
Mouse POU class 2 homeobox 2 / Pou2f2 → Mouse Fos proto-oncogene protein / c-Fos source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
The chain reaches a regulator of bone-resorbing cell formation.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 458–469
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-pou2f2-fos POU2F2 promoted osteoclastogenesis through c-Fos induction. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The chain reaches a regulator of bone-resorbing cell formation. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro.
Nasunin → Mouse osteoclast differentiation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
Fewer bone-resorbing cells formed in this experiment.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 484–495
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-osteoclast-response Nasunin reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Fewer bone-resorbing cells formed in this experiment. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin ameliorated bone loss in the diabetic mouse model.
Nasunin → Bone loss in experimental type 2 diabetic mice source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
This extends to an animal outcome, not a human clinical result.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 497–508
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-diabetic-bone-response Nasunin ameliorated bone loss in the diabetic mouse model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This extends to an animal outcome, not a human clinical result. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Virtual screening nominated nasunin as a THBS1 inhibitor.
Nasunin → Mouse thrombospondin-1 / Thbs1 source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
The target assignment remains a candidate pending review of direct binding and selectivity evidence.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 510–521
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-thbs1-screen Virtual screening nominated nasunin as a THBS1 inhibitor. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The target assignment remains a candidate pending review of direct binding and selectivity evidence. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
Thbs1 ablation reduced osteoclast formation and bone loss in diabetic mice.
Experimental mouse Thbs1 ablation → Bone loss in experimental type 2 diabetic mice source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}
experimental_model
Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening
exposure
Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract
limitations
New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models
plain_language
Removing the proposed signal tests its contribution independently of nasunin.
primary_references
[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
tissue_or_cell_type
Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis
trigger_kind
machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 523–534
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-thbs1-ablation Thbs1 ablation reduced osteoclast formation and bone loss in diabetic mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Removing the proposed signal tests its contribution independently of nasunin. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139
Complete structured claim and evidence
ESR measured superoxide scavenging at 143 +/- 8 SOD-equivalent units per mg.
Nasunin → Superoxide radical anion source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}
experimental_model
ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation
exposure
Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment
limitations
Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates
plain_language
This chemical assay compares activity; it does not mean more SOD enzyme was made.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
tissue_or_cell_type
Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 549–560
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-superoxide-scavenging ESR measured superoxide scavenging at 143 +/- 8 SOD-equivalent units per mg. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This chemical assay compares activity; it does not mean more SOD enzyme was made. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin at 1 micromolar reduced lipid-peroxidation products in rat brain homogenates (P<0.001).
Nasunin → Lipid peroxidation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}
experimental_model
ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation
exposure
Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment
limitations
Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates
plain_language
The tested tissue preparation suffered less lipid oxidation.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
tissue_or_cell_type
Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 562–573
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-brain-lipid-oxidation Nasunin at 1 micromolar reduced lipid-peroxidation products in rat brain homogenates (P<0.001). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested tissue preparation suffered less lipid oxidation. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin below 50 micromolar reduced peroxide-induced lipid-peroxidation readouts in rat brain homogenates.
Nasunin → Lipid peroxidation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"}
experimental_model
DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge
exposure
Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments
limitations
Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate
plain_language
This is a biochemical protection result, not a brain-treatment trial.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
tissue_or_cell_type
Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 588–599
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-peroxide-lipid-protection Nasunin below 50 micromolar reduced peroxide-induced lipid-peroxidation readouts in rat brain homogenates. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a biochemical protection result, not a brain-treatment trial. organism: Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate tissue_or_cell_type: Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers experimental_model: DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge limitations: Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment. exposure: Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"} [nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7.
Nasunin → Carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}
experimental_model
Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays
exposure
Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8
limitations
The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free chemistry
plain_language
A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment.
primary_references
[nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
tissue_or_cell_type
Pigment and lipid oxidation
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 601–612
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-carotene-bleaching Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin.
Nasunin → Linoleic acid autoxidation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}
experimental_model
Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays
exposure
Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8
limitations
The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free chemistry
plain_language
Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay.
primary_references
[nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
tissue_or_cell_type
Pigment and lipid oxidation
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 614–625
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-linoleate-autoxidation Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
Complete structured claim and evidence
Semi-purified preparations were more active than purified anthocyanin crystals across the reported comparison.
Nasunin-rich semi-purified eggplant peel extract → Nasunin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}
experimental_model
Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays
exposure
Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons
limitations
Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils
plain_language
Other compounds in the extract contribute to its measured behavior.
primary_references
[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
tissue_or_cell_type
Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 627–638
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-mixture-effect Semi-purified preparations were more active than purified anthocyanin crystals across the reported comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Other compounds in the extract contribute to its measured behavior. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified nasunin had higher antioxidant indices than D3R in the neutrophil LACL assay.
Nasunin → Human neutrophil luminol-amplified chemiluminescence source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}
experimental_model
Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays
exposure
Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons
limitations
Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils
plain_language
The comparison depends on which cell-based readout is used.
primary_references
[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
tissue_or_cell_type
Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 653–664
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-neutrophil-readout Purified nasunin had higher antioxidant indices than D3R in the neutrophil LACL assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The comparison depends on which cell-based readout is used. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified crystals had no detectable hydroxyl-radical assay activity under these conditions.
Nasunin → Hydroxyl-radical assay readout, method specified source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}
experimental_model
Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays
exposure
Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons
limitations
Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils
plain_language
A null in this assay is retained alongside the iron-dependent experiments.
primary_references
[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
tissue_or_cell_type
Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 666–677
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-hydroxyl-null Purified crystals had no detectable hydroxyl-radical assay activity under these conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A null in this assay is retained alongside the iron-dependent experiments. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin had the smallest ROS-reduction effect among the tested delphinidin derivatives.
Nasunin → ROS readout in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"}
experimental_model
Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines
exposure
Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells
plain_language
An acylated pigment can rank differently inside cells than in solution.
primary_references
[nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
tissue_or_cell_type
ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 679–690
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-colon-ros-ranking Nasunin had the smallest ROS-reduction effect among the tested delphinidin derivatives. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An acylated pigment can rank differently inside cells than in solution. organism: Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells tissue_or_cell_type: ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage experimental_model: Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines limitations: Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients. exposure: Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"} [nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
Complete structured claim and evidence
The derivative-dependent ROS results tracked GSR protein levels in HT-29 cells.
ROS readout in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells → Human glutathione reductase protein abundance source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"}
experimental_model
Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines
exposure
Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells
plain_language
This identifies a shared enzyme connection without proving it caused the response.
primary_references
[nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
tissue_or_cell_type
ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 692–703
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-colon-gsr-association The derivative-dependent ROS results tracked GSR protein levels in HT-29 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This identifies a shared enzyme connection without proving it caused the response. organism: Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells tissue_or_cell_type: ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage experimental_model: Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines limitations: Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients. exposure: Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"} [nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected against DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner.
Nasunin → DNA damage in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"}
experimental_model
Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines
exposure
Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells
plain_language
A weaker ROS assay result did not eliminate the separate DNA-protection finding.
primary_references
[nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
tissue_or_cell_type
ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 705–716
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-colon-dna-protection Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected against DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A weaker ROS assay result did not eliminate the separate DNA-protection finding. organism: Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells tissue_or_cell_type: ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage experimental_model: Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines limitations: Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients. exposure: Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"} [nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100
Complete structured claim and evidence
Oral trans-nasunin also peaked as intact acylated pigment at 15 minutes.
trans-Nasunin → Intact nasunin exposure in rat plasma source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The second form was also detected without prior deacylation.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 731–742
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-trans-uptake Oral trans-nasunin also peaked as intact acylated pigment at 15 minutes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The second form was also detected without prior deacylation. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
Dose-normalized peak concentrations and areas under the curve did not significantly differ between isomers.
cis-Nasunin → trans-Nasunin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
Neither isomer showed a clear advantage in this comparison.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 744–755
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-isomer-comparison Dose-normalized peak concentrations and areas under the curve did not significantly differ between isomers. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Neither isomer showed a clear advantage in this comparison. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
Exposure normalized to molar dose was similar to delphinidin 3-glucoside.
Nasunin → Delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
Large molecular decoration did not eliminate uptake in this rat experiment.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 757–768
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-nonacylated-comparison Exposure normalized to molar dose was similar to delphinidin 3-glucoside. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Large molecular decoration did not eliminate uptake in this rat experiment. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
The examined methylated analogues and extended glucuronides were not detected in plasma or urine.
Nasunin → Assayed methylated and glucuronidated nasunin metabolite panel source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The study did not find those particular metabolites.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 770–781
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-conjugate-nondetection The examined methylated analogues and extended glucuronides were not detected in plasma or urine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study did not find those particular metabolites. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
Delphinidin and delphinidin 3-glucoside were not detected in plasma during the eight-hour follow-up.
Nasunin → Delphinidin source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}
experimental_model
Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis
exposure
Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h
limitations
Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
Absence in this assay does not prove they can never be formed.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
tissue_or_cell_type
Plasma and urine
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 783–794
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-aglycone-nondetection Delphinidin and delphinidin 3-glucoside were not detected in plasma during the eight-hour follow-up. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Absence in this assay does not prove they can never be formed. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin suppressed ex vivo microvessel outgrowth above 10 micromolar.
Nasunin → Rat aortic-ring microvessel outgrowth source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}
experimental_model
Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays
exposure
Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar
limitations
Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures
plain_language
The isolated tissue produced less vessel outgrowth.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
tissue_or_cell_type
Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 796–807
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-aortic-outgrowth Nasunin suppressed ex vivo microvessel outgrowth above 10 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The isolated tissue produced less vessel outgrowth. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
Complete structured claim and evidence
HUVEC proliferation decreased dose-dependently at 50-200 micromolar.
Nasunin → Human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}
experimental_model
Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays
exposure
Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar
limitations
Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures
plain_language
One component of vessel formation slowed.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
tissue_or_cell_type
Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 809–820
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-endothelial-proliferation HUVEC proliferation decreased dose-dependently at 50-200 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One component of vessel formation slowed. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC chemotaxis in the Boyden-chamber assay.
Nasunin → Human umbilical vein endothelial cell chemotaxis source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}
experimental_model
Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays
exposure
Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar
limitations
Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures
plain_language
Movement was not measurably suppressed.
primary_references
[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
tissue_or_cell_type
Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 822–833
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-endothelial-migration-null Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC chemotaxis in the Boyden-chamber assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Movement was not measurably suppressed. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in food intake.
Nasunin → Rat food intake source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
One whole-animal stress response was smaller.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 848–859
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-food Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in food intake. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One whole-animal stress response was smaller. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in body weight gain.
Nasunin → Rat body weight gain source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
Weight gain was better preserved during cofeeding.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 861–872
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-weight Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in body weight gain. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Weight gain was better preserved during cofeeding. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated increase in lung weight.
Nasunin → Rat lung weight source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
This measured organ response was reduced.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 874–885
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-lung Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated increase in lung weight. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This measured organ response was reduced. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the rise in liver lipid TBARS.
Nasunin → Rat liver lipid TBARS readout source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
An oxidation-related marker decreased relative to challenge alone.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 887–898
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-tbars Nasunin attenuated the rise in liver lipid TBARS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An oxidation-related marker decreased relative to challenge alone. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin partly preserved catalase activity measured in the liver mitochondrial fraction.
Nasunin → Rat catalase / Cat source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The enzyme readout was partly maintained.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 900–911
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-catalase Nasunin partly preserved catalase activity measured in the liver mitochondrial fraction. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The enzyme readout was partly maintained. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the challenge-associated fall in liver triacylglycerol.
Nasunin → Rat liver triacylglycerol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
A hepatic lipid measurement moved toward the control condition.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 913–924
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-triglyceride Nasunin attenuated the challenge-associated fall in liver triacylglycerol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hepatic lipid measurement moved toward the control condition. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated rise in the atherogenic index.
Nasunin → Rat serum atherogenic index source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}
experimental_model
Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding
exposure
Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract
limitations
Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
A serum lipid ratio changed; atherosclerosis itself was not measured.
primary_references
[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 926–937
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-paraquat-index Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated rise in the atherogenic index. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A serum lipid ratio changed; atherosclerosis itself was not measured. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799
Complete structured claim and evidence
Serum total cholesterol tended to decrease with nasunin.
Nasunin → Rat serum total cholesterol source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}
experimental_model
Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison
exposure
Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation
limitations
The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The reported direction remains labeled as a trend.
primary_references
[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum lipids and fecal excretion
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 939–950
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-cholesterol-trend Serum total cholesterol tended to decrease with nasunin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reported direction remains labeled as a trend. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
Complete structured claim and evidence
Serum HDL cholesterol tended to increase.
Nasunin → Rat serum HDL cholesterol source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}
experimental_model
Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison
exposure
Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation
limitations
The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
This result is also a trend.
primary_references
[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum lipids and fecal excretion
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 952–963
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-hdl-trend Serum HDL cholesterol tended to increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result is also a trend. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
Complete structured claim and evidence
Fecal cholesterol excretion tended to increase.
Nasunin → Rat fecal cholesterol excretion source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}
experimental_model
Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison
exposure
Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation
limitations
The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
This supports a question about intestinal handling without proving the mechanism.
primary_references
[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum lipids and fecal excretion
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 965–976
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-fecal-cholesterol-trend Fecal cholesterol excretion tended to increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This supports a question about intestinal handling without proving the mechanism. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
Complete structured claim and evidence
Fecal bile-acid excretion tended to increase; nasunin and delphinidin effects did not differ.
Nasunin → Rat fecal bile-acid excretion source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}
experimental_model
Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison
exposure
Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation
limitations
The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Rats
plain_language
The comparison does not establish a unique nasunin advantage.
primary_references
[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
tissue_or_cell_type
Serum lipids and fecal excretion
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 978–989
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-fecal-bile-trend Fecal bile-acid excretion tended to increase; nasunin and delphinidin effects did not differ. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The comparison does not establish a unique nasunin advantage. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570
Complete structured claim and evidence
The nasunin MIC for S. mutans was 500 micrograms/mL.
Nasunin → Streptococcus mutans growth source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
Growth inhibition required the reported laboratory concentration.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 991–1002
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-mutans-mic The nasunin MIC for S. mutans was 500 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Growth inhibition required the reported laboratory concentration. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
The nasunin MIC for S. sobrinus was 250 micrograms/mL.
Nasunin → Streptococcus sobrinus growth source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
This species had a different measured threshold.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1004–1015
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-sobrinus-mic The nasunin MIC for S. sobrinus was 250 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This species had a different measured threshold. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
The nasunin MIC for A. viscosus was 500 micrograms/mL.
Nasunin → Actinomyces viscosus growth source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
A third tested species was inhibited.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1017–1028
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-viscosus-mic The nasunin MIC for A. viscosus was 500 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A third tested species was inhibited. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin was bactericidal against resting cells of all three tested species.
Nasunin → Resting-cell viability in specified cariogenic bacteria source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
The study distinguished killing from growth inhibition.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-oral-bacterial-killing Nasunin was bactericidal against resting cells of all three tested species. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study distinguished killing from growth inhibition. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin inhibited sucrose-dependent insoluble-glucan synthesis by the S. mutans PS-14 crude enzyme preparation.
Nasunin → Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase preparation, isoforms unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
The bacterial material used to build adhesive glucans was reduced.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-mutans-glucan Nasunin inhibited sucrose-dependent insoluble-glucan synthesis by the S. mutans PS-14 crude enzyme preparation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The bacterial material used to build adhesive glucans was reduced. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
Nasunin inhibited the corresponding S. sobrinus 6715 crude glucosyltransferase preparation.
Nasunin → Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase preparation, isoforms unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}
experimental_model
Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays
exposure
Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively
limitations
In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.
nutrient_topic
Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
organism
Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus
plain_language
The parallel enzyme preparation also responded.
primary_references
[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
tissue_or_cell_type
Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1056–1067
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nasunin-sobrinus-glucan Nasunin inhibited the corresponding S. sobrinus 6715 crude glucosyltransferase preparation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The parallel enzyme preparation also responded. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296
Complete structured claim and evidence
GSR reduces one glutathione-disulfide molecule to two reduced glutathione molecules using the NADPH/FAD catalytic relay.
Glutathione reductase / GSR → GSSG source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
cross_nutrient
B2-FAD supports GSH recycling; selenium-dependent GPX use of GSH is a separate reaction.
evidence_location
Results: NADPH binding; Fig 1 consensus cycle; GSH/GSSG complexes
experimental_model
Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls.
exposure
Purified-enzyme assay
limitations
GSR is not glutathione peroxidase; this record does not show that B2 improves selenium repletion.
nutrient_topic
Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
This enzyme recycles glutathione after oxidation.
primary_references
[berkholz2008] Catalytic cycle of human glutathione reductase near 1 A resolution. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18638483/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.083
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified human GSR
Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1332–1344
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b2-gsr-gssg-to-gsh GSR reduces one glutathione-disulfide molecule to two reduced glutathione molecules using the NADPH/FAD catalytic relay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This enzyme recycles glutathione after oxidation. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified human GSR experimental_model: Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls. limitations: GSR is not glutathione peroxidase; this record does not show that B2 improves selenium repletion. exposure: Purified-enzyme assay cross_nutrient: B2-FAD supports GSH recycling; selenium-dependent GPX use of GSH is a separate reaction. evidence_location: Results: NADPH binding; Fig 1 consensus cycle; GSH/GSSG complexes [berkholz2008] Catalytic cycle of human glutathione reductase near 1 A resolution. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18638483/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.083
Complete structured claim and evidence
Human GSR substrate structures place NADPH for hydride transfer to bound FAD, the first redox step in glutathione recycling.
NADPH → FAD source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
cross_nutrient
Nicotinamide-containing NADPH and B2-derived FAD perform distinct functions.
evidence_location
Results: NADPH binding; Fig 1 consensus cycle; GSH/GSSG complexes
experimental_model
Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls.
exposure
Purified-enzyme assay
limitations
Structural support for the established catalytic cycle; radiation reduction must be distinguished from natural catalysis.
nutrient_topic
Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
NADPH supplies electrons to the B2-derived cofactor.
primary_references
[berkholz2008] Catalytic cycle of human glutathione reductase near 1 A resolution. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18638483/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.083
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified human erythrocyte-type GSR crystals
Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1304–1316
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b2-gsr-nadph-to-fad Human GSR substrate structures place NADPH for hydride transfer to bound FAD, the first redox step in glutathione recycling. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Riboflavin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: NADPH supplies electrons to the B2-derived cofactor. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified human erythrocyte-type GSR crystals experimental_model: Purified human glutathione reductase crystals with natural substrates, 0.95-1.1-A resolution, chemically reduced controls. limitations: Structural support for the established catalytic cycle; radiation reduction must be distinguished from natural catalysis. exposure: Purified-enzyme assay cross_nutrient: Nicotinamide-containing NADPH and B2-derived FAD perform distinct functions. evidence_location: Results: NADPH binding; Fig 1 consensus cycle; GSH/GSSG complexes [berkholz2008] Catalytic cycle of human glutathione reductase near 1 A resolution. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18638483/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.083
Complete structured claim and evidence
Purified PHGPX (GPX4) with glutathione reduced phospholipid hydroperoxides within photooxidized human erythrocyte ghost membranes to alcohol products without prior phospholipase cleavage.
GPX4 → Phospholipid hydroperoxides source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
cross_nutrient
true
evidence_location
Primary abstract
experimental_model
Rose-bengal photoperoxidation followed by enzyme treatment
exposure
GSH/PHGPX after photooxidation.
limitations
Purified-enzyme preparation; distinguishes peroxide removal from vitamin E radical trapping.
nutrient_topic
Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
organism
Human-derived cell-free membranes
plain_language
GPX4 removed peroxide groups from membrane phospholipids using glutathione.
primary_references
[ver-thomas1990] Protective action of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase against membrane-damaging lipid peroxidation. In situ reduction of phospholipid and cholesterol hydroperoxides. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2294113/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40252-4
tissue_or_cell_type
Erythrocyte ghosts
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 550–562
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rose-bengal photoperoxidation followed by enzyme treatment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ver-gpx4-pl-hydroperoxide-reduction Purified PHGPX (GPX4) with glutathione reduced phospholipid hydroperoxides within photooxidized human erythrocyte ghost membranes to alcohol products without prior phospholipase cleavage. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: GPX4 removed peroxide groups from membrane phospholipids using glutathione. organism: Human-derived cell-free membranes tissue_or_cell_type: Erythrocyte ghosts experimental_model: Rose-bengal photoperoxidation followed by enzyme treatment limitations: Purified-enzyme preparation; distinguishes peroxide removal from vitamin E radical trapping. exposure: GSH/PHGPX after photooxidation. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-thomas1990] Protective action of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase against membrane-damaging lipid peroxidation. In situ reduction of phospholipid and cholesterol hydroperoxides. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2294113/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40252-4
Complete structured claim and evidence
At a physiological vitamin E-to-phospholipid ratio, inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and dispersed microsomal lipids was observed only when PHGPX (GPX4) and glutathione were also present.
Alpha-tocopherol → Lipid peroxidation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
cross_nutrient
true
evidence_location
Primary abstract
experimental_model
Microsomes and Triton-dispersed lipid micelles
exposure
Iron-dependent peroxidation; physiological vitamin E:phospholipid ratio as reported in abstract.
limitations
Exact concentrations are not available in the inspected abstract. Model-specific dependence does not imply every membrane requires added GPX4 to show E protection.
nutrient_topic
Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
organism
Rattus norvegicus
plain_language
Vitamin E protection depended on peroxide removal by the GPX4/glutathione system in these preparations.
primary_references
[ver-maiorino1989] Microsomal lipid peroxidation: effect of vitamin E and its functional interaction with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2586229/ DOI: 10.1007/bf02535211
tissue_or_cell_type
Liver microsomal lipids
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 592–604
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Microsomes and Triton-dispersed lipid micelles · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ver-gpx4-gsh-tocopherol-cooperation At a physiological vitamin E-to-phospholipid ratio, inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and dispersed microsomal lipids was observed only when PHGPX (GPX4) and glutathione were also present. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Vitamin E protection depended on peroxide removal by the GPX4/glutathione system in these preparations. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver microsomal lipids experimental_model: Microsomes and Triton-dispersed lipid micelles limitations: Exact concentrations are not available in the inspected abstract. Model-specific dependence does not imply every membrane requires added GPX4 to show E protection. exposure: Iron-dependent peroxidation; physiological vitamin E:phospholipid ratio as reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-maiorino1989] Microsomal lipid peroxidation: effect of vitamin E and its functional interaction with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2586229/ DOI: 10.1007/bf02535211
Complete structured claim and evidence
Human SOD2 uses a Mn(III)/Mn(II) cycle to convert superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase / SOD2 → Superoxide dismutation source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
experimental_model
Redox-controlled neutron structures of human SOD2
exposure
Redox-controlled Mn(III) and Mn(II) crystals
limitations
Primary experimental scope only; no human dietary threshold, clinical treatment rule, or universal metal substitution is established.
nutrient_topic
Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese
organism
Homo sapiens
plain_language
SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling.
primary_references
[mn-enz-33824320] Direct detection of coupled proton and electron transfers in human manganese superoxide dismutase. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33824320/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22290-1
tissue_or_cell_type
Purified enzyme; mitochondrial-matrix protein
Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 446–456
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Redox-controlled neutron structures of human SOD2 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### mn-enz-sod2-superoxide Human SOD2 uses a Mn(III)/Mn(II) cycle to convert superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme; mitochondrial-matrix protein experimental_model: Redox-controlled neutron structures of human SOD2 limitations: Primary experimental scope only; no human dietary threshold, clinical treatment rule, or universal metal substitution is established. exposure: Redox-controlled Mn(III) and Mn(II) crystals [mn-enz-33824320] Direct detection of coupled proton and electron transfers in human manganese superoxide dismutase. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33824320/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22290-1
Complete structured claim and evidence

Availability and dependencies

Each situation shows the normal role first, then what the sources report under a specific condition. A shortfall in the diet, a fault in the machinery, and a low blood reading are kept separate because they are not the same thing.

When the plant cannot finish nasunin biosynthesis

Condition: machinery_impairment · A single-base deletion produces a predicted loss-of-function frameshift.

Normal role: Functional SmelAAT supports nasunin accumulation.

Recorded consequence: D3R is retained instead of the nasunin-rich profile.

Scope: Eggplant genetics; not a human dietary deficiency.

When PI3K-dependent protection is blocked

Condition: machinery_impairment · Experimental LY294002 treatment inhibits PI3K signaling.

Normal role: Nasunin pretreatment protected challenged MC3T3-E1 cells.

Recorded consequence: The protective effect was reversed.

Scope: Pharmacological mouse cell-line experiment; not a human nutrient deficiency.

When the disease-linked THBS1 signal is removed

Condition: machinery_impairment · Experimental Thbs1 ablation.

Normal role: THBS1 contributes to osteoclast-promoting signaling in this mouse model.

Recorded consequence: Osteoclast formation and diabetic bone loss were attenuated.

Scope: Mouse loss-of-function intervention; not a nasunin-deficiency state.

The sources

Every document behind this chapter is preserved word for word. Open one to read it in full with its recorded conflicts marked in place.

Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Riboflavin: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source

Recorded disagreements

Where two sources say different things, both are kept and the difference is explained. You can discuss a disagreement or propose a mechanism that might account for it.

Open questions in this collection

Questions the curators could not answer from the sources in front of them, kept here with the reason each one is still open. These are gaps in this collection, not findings or proof that no one has studied them.

What is the dose of each nasunin isomer in a particular food or supplement?Cultivar, preparation, light exposure and analytical method matter; peel color alone cannot answer this.
What are human nasunin pharmacokinetics, active tissue concentrations and clinical outcomes?The purified-compound evidence reviewed here is biochemical, cellular or animal evidence. Human-cell experiments are not human supplementation trials; eggplant-extract trials cannot isolate nasunin.
Is there a nasunin deficiency syndrome or established daily requirement?No such essential-nutrient requirement is established. Low exposure and impaired plant synthesis are not human deficiency diseases.
Does orally consumed nasunin reach the human brain or prevent neurodegeneration?Rat brain-homogenate protection does not measure intestinal-to-brain delivery or a patient outcome.
Are concentrated nasunin supplements safe long term or important for drug interactions?The reviewed evidence does not establish a human effective dose, upper intake level or validated medicine-interaction list.
Does dietary nasunin measurably change human iron absorption or stores?Iron complex formation in solution does not establish intestinal inhibition, systemic iron removal or clinical iron deficiency; a nasunin-specific human study is needed.
Does nasunin cooperate with B2, B3, selenium, vitamin E or manganese in people?The graph shares redox substrates and enzymes across these nutrients, but the linked experiments do not test those combinations in humans.
Does nasunin directly bind THBS1 at exposures achieved after food intake?The 2026-indexed report combines virtual screening and preclinical intervention; direct binding, selectivity and human exposure matching were not available in the reviewed abstract.
Which nasunin targets explain the different Akt responses across cell states?Macrophage LPS stimulation and osteoblast peroxide challenge differ. Both scoped observations are retained; a universal Akt direction is not inferred.

Chapters are assembled from supplied drafts and curated literature summaries. Statements remain unverified against the primary studies, and the ledger is not medical advice.

Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards

Nasunin

The mechanisms

Nasunin isolated from eggplant included a cis-p-coumaroyl isomer.

A trans-p-coumaroyl isomer was separately identified.

Spectrophotometry indicated a 2:1 nasunin:Fe(III) complex.

Changing DMPO concentration did not change the inhibition midpoint, supporting prevention of radical generation through iron chelation rather than direct hydroxyl-radical trapping.

Oral cis-nasunin appeared in plasma in its original acylated form, peaking at 15 minutes.

The authors attributed additional extract activity to constituents including ascorbate and glutathione.

At 1 nM, nasunin increased intracellular glutathione in challenged cells.

Nasunin attenuated Akt phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells.

Nasunin prevented the challenge-associated loss of Akt phosphorylation.

Neutrophil-derived THBS1 engaged macrophage CD36 in the reported pathway.

Nasunin treatment suppressed the reported CD36-PPARgamma-POU2F2-c-Fos axis.

Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC tube formation on reconstituted basement membrane.

The isolated cis and trans forms interconverted under room light.

Functional SmelAAT overexpression increased nasunin accumulation in D3R-type eggplant lines.

The deletion allele was associated with D3R retention and predicted loss of SmelAAT function.

Smel5GT1 transcripts increased in the complemented lines; its role in terminal glycosylation was proposed.

Across 123 accessions, nasunin dominated one pigment-profile type; other types had different major anthocyanins.

Nasunin reduced LPS-associated intracellular ROS accumulation.

Nasunin reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion.

Nasunin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 secretion.

Nasunin reduced induced NOS2 expression.

Nasunin reduced LPS-induced nitric-oxide production.

Nasunin suppressed stimulus-associated I-kappa-B-alpha degradation.

Nasunin reduced p65 nuclear translocation.

Nasunin attenuated p38 phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells.

Pretreatment increased viability during t-BHP challenge.

Pretreatment reduced apoptosis during t-BHP challenge.

Nasunin lowered intracellular ROS in challenged cells.

Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in the alkaline-phosphatase marker.

Nasunin countered the challenge-associated decrease in collagen content.

Nasunin prevented challenge-associated disruption of cytoskeleton organization.

LY294002 reversed nasunin-associated protection and worsened t-BHP cytotoxicity.

CD36 signaling activated PPARgamma in the reported pathway.

PPARgamma increased POU2F2 transcription.

POU2F2 promoted osteoclastogenesis through c-Fos induction.

Nasunin reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro.

Nasunin ameliorated bone loss in the diabetic mouse model.

Virtual screening nominated nasunin as a THBS1 inhibitor.

Thbs1 ablation reduced osteoclast formation and bone loss in diabetic mice.

ESR measured superoxide scavenging at 143 +/- 8 SOD-equivalent units per mg.

Nasunin at 1 micromolar reduced lipid-peroxidation products in rat brain homogenates (P<0.001).

Nasunin below 50 micromolar reduced peroxide-induced lipid-peroxidation readouts in rat brain homogenates.

Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7.

Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin.

Semi-purified preparations were more active than purified anthocyanin crystals across the reported comparison.

Purified nasunin had higher antioxidant indices than D3R in the neutrophil LACL assay.

Purified crystals had no detectable hydroxyl-radical assay activity under these conditions.

Nasunin had the smallest ROS-reduction effect among the tested delphinidin derivatives.

The derivative-dependent ROS results tracked GSR protein levels in HT-29 cells.

Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected against DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner.

Oral trans-nasunin also peaked as intact acylated pigment at 15 minutes.

Dose-normalized peak concentrations and areas under the curve did not significantly differ between isomers.

Exposure normalized to molar dose was similar to delphinidin 3-glucoside.

The examined methylated analogues and extended glucuronides were not detected in plasma or urine.

Delphinidin and delphinidin 3-glucoside were not detected in plasma during the eight-hour follow-up.

Nasunin suppressed ex vivo microvessel outgrowth above 10 micromolar.

HUVEC proliferation decreased dose-dependently at 50-200 micromolar.

Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC chemotaxis in the Boyden-chamber assay.

Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in food intake.

Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in body weight gain.

Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated increase in lung weight.

Nasunin attenuated the rise in liver lipid TBARS.

Nasunin partly preserved catalase activity measured in the liver mitochondrial fraction.

Nasunin attenuated the challenge-associated fall in liver triacylglycerol.

Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated rise in the atherogenic index.

Serum total cholesterol tended to decrease with nasunin.

Serum HDL cholesterol tended to increase.

Fecal cholesterol excretion tended to increase.

Fecal bile-acid excretion tended to increase; nasunin and delphinidin effects did not differ.

The nasunin MIC for S. mutans was 500 micrograms/mL.

The nasunin MIC for S. sobrinus was 250 micrograms/mL.

The nasunin MIC for A. viscosus was 500 micrograms/mL.

Nasunin was bactericidal against resting cells of all three tested species.

Nasunin inhibited sucrose-dependent insoluble-glucan synthesis by the S. mutans PS-14 crude enzyme preparation.

Nasunin inhibited the corresponding S. sobrinus 6715 crude glucosyltransferase preparation.

GSR reduces one glutathione-disulfide molecule to two reduced glutathione molecules using the NADPH/FAD catalytic relay.

Human GSR substrate structures place NADPH for hydride transfer to bound FAD, the first redox step in glutathione recycling.

Purified PHGPX (GPX4) with glutathione reduced phospholipid hydroperoxides within photooxidized human erythrocyte ghost membranes to alcohol products without prior phospholipase cleavage.