{"id":"2cd1202b-a425-5359-bc38-e15269fd28c7","stable_key":"be889add-cec8-500b-be89-676431432a70:mn-enz-sod2-superoxide","predicate":"catalyzes","statement":"Human SOD2 uses a Mn(III)/Mn(II) cycle to convert superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"c92b8e4c-700e-5ba2-8671-2901839813c3","mechanism_event_label":"SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling.","subject":{"id":"eda566c2-d338-54b2-a872-0dd39daffcdf","slug":"sod2","display_name":"Human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase / SOD2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"861f79d5-9d93-5e40-9622-9802fa0eb128","slug":"superoxide-dismutation","display_name":"Superoxide dismutation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"c92b8e4c-700e-5ba2-8671-2901839813c3","stable_key":"be889add-cec8-500b-be89-676431432a70:mn-enz-sod2-superoxide-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling.","description":"Human SOD2 uses a Mn(III)/Mn(II) cycle to convert superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"eda566c2-d338-54b2-a872-0dd39daffcdf","slug":"sod2","display_name":"Human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase / SOD2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"861f79d5-9d93-5e40-9622-9802fa0eb128","slug":"superoxide-dismutation","display_name":"Superoxide dismutation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"object","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a8082b11-c484-5792-bb81-48e8e699cbe4","slug":"manganese-ion","display_name":"Mn2+","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"redox cofactor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"cb5b9319-0f12-5260-974b-8f112d351451","slug":"manganese-iii-ion","display_name":"Manganese(III) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"redox cofactor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"da9d64bc-69d4-5d97-90a4-8f0ed03e0ac8","slug":"hydrogen-peroxide","display_name":"Hydrogen peroxide","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"011511ed-2be5-566d-bd1b-9d580dab1e9c","slug":"superoxide-anion","display_name":"Superoxide radical anion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"899c7ab0-6f81-5b38-a6bd-fbb33d66ac8d","slug":"oxygen","display_name":"Molecular oxygen","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":6,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Redox-controlled neutron structures of human SOD2","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Redox-controlled Mn(III) and Mn(II) crystals","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Primary experimental scope only; no human dietary threshold, clinical treatment rule, or universal metal substitution is established.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"manganese","display_name":"Manganese","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Homo sapiens","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[mn-enz-33824320] Direct detection of coupled proton and electron transfers in human manganese superoxide dismutase. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33824320/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22290-1","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Purified enzyme; mitochondrial-matrix protein","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"eb6c3ded-de25-5dc3-bf0e-8b69ec399340","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 446-456","start_line":446,"end_line":456,"excerpt":"### mn-enz-sod2-superoxide\nHuman SOD2 uses a Mn(III)/Mn(II) cycle to convert superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: SOD2 removes superoxide; it produces hydrogen peroxide that requires further handling.\norganism: Homo sapiens\ntissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme; mitochondrial-matrix protein\nexperimental_model: Redox-controlled neutron structures of human SOD2\nlimitations: Primary experimental scope only; no human dietary threshold, clinical treatment rule, or universal metal substitution is established.\nexposure: Redox-controlled Mn(III) and Mn(II) crystals\n[mn-enz-33824320] Direct detection of coupled proton and electron transfers in human manganese superoxide dismutase. 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