Nasunin

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}

experimental_model

Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis

exposure

Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h

limitations

Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

Absence in this assay does not prove they can never be formed.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma and urine

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 783–794

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-aglycone-nondetection Delphinidin and delphinidin 3-glucoside were not detected in plasma during the eight-hour follow-up. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Absence in this assay does not prove they can never be formed. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

The direction applies to this inflammatory setting.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 276–287

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-akt-macrophage Nasunin attenuated Akt phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The direction applies to this inflammatory setting. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}

experimental_model

Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays

exposure

Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar

limitations

Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures

plain_language

The isolated tissue produced less vessel outgrowth.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

tissue_or_cell_type

Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 796–807

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-aortic-outgrowth Nasunin suppressed ex vivo microvessel outgrowth above 10 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The isolated tissue produced less vessel outgrowth. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}

experimental_model

ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation

exposure

Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment

limitations

Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates

plain_language

The tested tissue preparation suffered less lipid oxidation.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

tissue_or_cell_type

Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 562–573

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-brain-lipid-oxidation Nasunin at 1 micromolar reduced lipid-peroxidation products in rat brain homogenates (P<0.001). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested tissue preparation suffered less lipid oxidation. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}

experimental_model

Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays

exposure

Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8

limitations

The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free chemistry

plain_language

A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment.

primary_references

[nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138

tissue_or_cell_type

Pigment and lipid oxidation

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 601–612

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-carotene-bleaching Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}

experimental_model

Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison

exposure

Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation

limitations

The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

The reported direction remains labeled as a trend.

primary_references

[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipids and fecal excretion

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 939–950

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-cholesterol-trend Serum total cholesterol tended to decrease with nasunin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reported direction remains labeled as a trend. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"}

experimental_model

Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR

exposure

Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure

limitations

Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Solanum melongena

plain_language

One name can cover two distinguishable molecular forms.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y

tissue_or_cell_type

Eggplant peel pigments

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 94–105

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-cis-identity Nasunin isolated from eggplant included a cis-p-coumaroyl isomer. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One name can cover two distinguishable molecular forms. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Eggplant peel pigments experimental_model: Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR limitations: Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism. exposure: Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"} [nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"}

experimental_model

Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines

exposure

Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells

plain_language

A weaker ROS assay result did not eliminate the separate DNA-protection finding.

primary_references

[nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100

tissue_or_cell_type

ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 705–716

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-colon-dna-protection Nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected against DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A weaker ROS assay result did not eliminate the separate DNA-protection finding. organism: Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells tissue_or_cell_type: ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage experimental_model: Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines limitations: Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients. exposure: Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"} [nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"}

experimental_model

Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines

exposure

Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells

plain_language

An acylated pigment can rank differently inside cells than in solution.

primary_references

[nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100

tissue_or_cell_type

ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 679–690

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-colon-ros-ranking Nasunin had the smallest ROS-reduction effect among the tested delphinidin derivatives. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An acylated pigment can rank differently inside cells than in solution. organism: Human HT-29 and HCT-116 cells tissue_or_cell_type: ROS, glutathione reductase protein and DNA damage experimental_model: Comparative anthocyanin exposure in cultured colon cancer lines limitations: Primary experiments are described despite an additional Review index tag. Protein association does not establish GSR-mediated causality; these are cancer cells, not normal colon tissue or patients. exposure: Nasunin and differently glycosylated delphinidin derivatives; quantitative regimens not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/25442541.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1299, "text_sha256": "14f1cfb323570e36200958bb6acb4c083621b7b02ebda1e793d133b3ea95b1c7"} [nasunin-p25442541] Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25442541/ DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}

experimental_model

Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis

exposure

Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h

limitations

Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

The study did not find those particular metabolites.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma and urine

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 770–781

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-conjugate-nondetection The examined methylated analogues and extended glucuronides were not detected in plasma or urine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study did not find those particular metabolites. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/18831559.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1129, "text_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f"}

experimental_model

123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays

exposure

HPLC structural characterization and DPPH/linoleic-acid radical tests

limitations

Pigment profiles vary by accession; a purple peel is not a quantitative nasunin assay. Cell-free antioxidant rankings do not rank human benefits.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Eggplant and related Solanum species; cell-free assays

plain_language

Not every eggplant supplies the same pigment mixture.

primary_references

[nasunin-p18831559] Structures and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18831559/ DOI: 10.1021/jf801322m

tissue_or_cell_type

Peel composition and radical scavenging

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 172–183

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-cultivar-composition Across 123 accessions, nasunin dominated one pigment-profile type; other types had different major anthocyanins. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Not every eggplant supplies the same pigment mixture. organism: Eggplant and related Solanum species; cell-free assays tissue_or_cell_type: Peel composition and radical scavenging experimental_model: 123-accession survey and purified-pigment radical assays limitations: Pigment profiles vary by accession; a purple peel is not a quantitative nasunin assay. Cell-free antioxidant rankings do not rank human benefits. exposure: HPLC structural characterization and DPPH/linoleic-acid radical tests evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/18831559.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1129, "text_sha256": "045daf8743c9dca084d41d63153a56f2de0c593011796849436d7e052952464f"} [nasunin-p18831559] Structures and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18831559/ DOI: 10.1021/jf801322m

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}

experimental_model

Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening

exposure

Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract

limitations

New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models

plain_language

This extends to an animal outcome, not a human clinical result.

primary_references

[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

tissue_or_cell_type

Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 497–508

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-diabetic-bone-response Nasunin ameliorated bone loss in the diabetic mouse model. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This extends to an animal outcome, not a human clinical result. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}

experimental_model

Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays

exposure

Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar

limitations

Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures

plain_language

Movement was not measurably suppressed.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

tissue_or_cell_type

Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 822–833

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-endothelial-migration-null Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC chemotaxis in the Boyden-chamber assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Movement was not measurably suppressed. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}

experimental_model

Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays

exposure

Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar

limitations

Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures

plain_language

One component of vessel formation slowed.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

tissue_or_cell_type

Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 809–820

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-endothelial-proliferation HUVEC proliferation decreased dose-dependently at 50-200 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One component of vessel formation slowed. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"}

experimental_model

Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays

exposure

Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar

limitations

Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures

plain_language

The tube-formation endpoint was also negative.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

tissue_or_cell_type

Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 835–846

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-endothelial-tube-null Nasunin did not significantly change HUVEC tube formation on reconstituted basement membrane. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tube-formation endpoint was also negative. organism: Rat aortic rings and human HUVEC cultures tissue_or_cell_type: Microvessel formation, proliferation, migration and tubes experimental_model: Aortic-ring outgrowth and separate endothelial assays limitations: Ex vivo and cell endpoints do not establish cancer prevention or direct VEGF/VEGFR inhibition. Null migration and tube assays are distinct endpoints, not contradictions. exposure: Outgrowth suppression at concentrations above 10 micromolar; proliferation 50-200 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16076105.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 785, "text_sha256": "5b1a82636d590c80ec052a338bd3ebf58a1094004238cfda2c404e8ee98f5ad2"} [nasunin-p16076105] Antiangiogenic activity of nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, in eggplant peels. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076105/ DOI: 10.1021/jf050796r

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}

experimental_model

Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison

exposure

Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation

limitations

The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

The comparison does not establish a unique nasunin advantage.

primary_references

[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipids and fecal excretion

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 978–989

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-fecal-bile-trend Fecal bile-acid excretion tended to increase; nasunin and delphinidin effects did not differ. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The comparison does not establish a unique nasunin advantage. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}

experimental_model

Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison

exposure

Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation

limitations

The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

This supports a question about intestinal handling without proving the mechanism.

primary_references

[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipids and fecal excretion

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 965–976

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-fecal-cholesterol-trend Fecal cholesterol excretion tended to increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This supports a question about intestinal handling without proving the mechanism. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"}

experimental_model

DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge

exposure

Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments

limitations

Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate

plain_language

Preventing a radical from forming differs from catching it afterward.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x

tissue_or_cell_type

Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 575–586

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-fenton-prevention Changing DMPO concentration did not change the inhibition midpoint, supporting prevention of radical generation through iron chelation rather than direct hydroxyl-radical trapping. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Preventing a radical from forming differs from catching it afterward. organism: Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate tissue_or_cell_type: Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers experimental_model: DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge limitations: Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment. exposure: Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"} [nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}

experimental_model

ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation

exposure

Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment

limitations

Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates

plain_language

Binding iron can change its chemical availability.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

tissue_or_cell_type

Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 536–547

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-ferric-complex Spectrophotometry indicated a 2:1 nasunin:Fe(III) complex. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Binding iron can change its chemical availability. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"}

experimental_model

Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison

exposure

Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation

limitations

The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

This result is also a trend.

primary_references

[nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipids and fecal excretion

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 952–963

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-hdl-trend Serum HDL cholesterol tended to increase. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result is also a trend. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids and fecal excretion experimental_model: Cholesterol-enriched feeding comparison limitations: The abstract reports trends, not established significant clinical effects. Proposed reduced absorption was an interpretation, not a demonstrated transporter mechanism. exposure: Nasunin versus delphinidin supplementation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/lipids1994.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 980, "text_sha256": "5f7c22d653590116df8a923aba127ecd7c7baa3d0b2224df4e73b83d11361cc4"} [nasunin-plipids1994] Effects of Dietary Nasunin on the Serum Cholesterol Level in Rats (1994). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb1992/58/3/58_3_570/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.570

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}

experimental_model

Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays

exposure

Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons

limitations

Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils

plain_language

A null in this assay is retained alongside the iron-dependent experiments.

primary_references

[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

tissue_or_cell_type

Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 666–677

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-hydroxyl-null Purified crystals had no detectable hydroxyl-radical assay activity under these conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A null in this assay is retained alongside the iron-dependent experiments. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

The inhibitory control protein was better retained.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 250–261

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-ikba-preservation Nasunin suppressed stimulus-associated I-kappa-B-alpha degradation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The inhibitory control protein was better retained. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

A second messenger decreased.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 211–222

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-il6-release Nasunin reduced LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A second messenger decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}

experimental_model

Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays

exposure

Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8

limitations

The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free chemistry

plain_language

Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay.

primary_references

[nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138

tissue_or_cell_type

Pigment and lipid oxidation

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 614–625

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-linoleate-autoxidation Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

The stimulated immune cells showed a smaller oxidant readout.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 185–196

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-macrophage-ros Nasunin reduced LPS-associated intracellular ROS accumulation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The stimulated immune cells showed a smaller oxidant readout. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

The bacterial material used to build adhesive glucans was reduced.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-mutans-glucan Nasunin inhibited sucrose-dependent insoluble-glucan synthesis by the S. mutans PS-14 crude enzyme preparation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The bacterial material used to build adhesive glucans was reduced. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

Growth inhibition required the reported laboratory concentration.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 991–1002

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-mutans-mic The nasunin MIC for S. mutans was 500 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Growth inhibition required the reported laboratory concentration. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}

experimental_model

Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening

exposure

Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract

limitations

New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models

plain_language

The treatment response is recorded without assuming direct inhibition of every member.

primary_references

[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

tissue_or_cell_type

Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 471–482

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-nasunin-axis Nasunin treatment suppressed the reported CD36-PPARgamma-POU2F2-c-Fos axis. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The treatment response is recorded without assuming direct inhibition of every member. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}

experimental_model

Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays

exposure

Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons

limitations

Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils

plain_language

The comparison depends on which cell-based readout is used.

primary_references

[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

tissue_or_cell_type

Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 653–664

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-neutrophil-readout Purified nasunin had higher antioxidant indices than D3R in the neutrophil LACL assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The comparison depends on which cell-based readout is used. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

Output from the stimulated pathway decreased.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 237–248

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-no-output Nasunin reduced LPS-induced nitric-oxide production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Output from the stimulated pathway decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"}

experimental_model

Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis

exposure

Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h

limitations

Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

Large molecular decoration did not eliminate uptake in this rat experiment.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma and urine

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 757–768

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-nonacylated-comparison Exposure normalized to molar dose was similar to delphinidin 3-glucoside. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Large molecular decoration did not eliminate uptake in this rat experiment. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and urine experimental_model: Oral isomer pharmacokinetics with chromatographic metabolite analysis limitations: Dose-normalized Cmax/AUC comparison is not absolute oral bioavailability. Nondetection applies to the tested analytes, method and window; no human or blood-brain-barrier conclusion. exposure: Oral purified cis/trans nasunin; plasma follow-up to 8 h evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16848510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1308, "text_sha256": "72244518913802f8f2018e3e6e7add9914294e49c58b9e9733c26a550e86479a"} [nasunin-p16848510] Gastrointestinal uptake of nasunin, acylated anthocyanin in eggplant. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848510/ DOI: 10.1021/jf060238s

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

Less of the inducible nitric-oxide enzyme was measured.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 224–235

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-nos2-expression Nasunin reduced induced NOS2 expression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of the inducible nitric-oxide enzyme was measured. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

The study distinguished killing from growth inhibition.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-oral-bacterial-killing Nasunin was bactericidal against resting cells of all three tested species. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study distinguished killing from growth inhibition. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}

experimental_model

Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening

exposure

Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract

limitations

New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models

plain_language

Fewer bone-resorbing cells formed in this experiment.

primary_references

[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

tissue_or_cell_type

Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 484–495

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-osteoclast-response Nasunin reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Fewer bone-resorbing cells formed in this experiment. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

A separate kinase response also decreased.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 289–300

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-p38-macrophage Nasunin attenuated p38 phosphorylation in stimulated RAW264 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A separate kinase response also decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

Less of this regulator moved into the nucleus.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 263–274

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-p65-localization Nasunin reduced p65 nuclear translocation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Less of this regulator moved into the nucleus. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

The enzyme readout was partly maintained.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 900–911

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-catalase Nasunin partly preserved catalase activity measured in the liver mitochondrial fraction. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The enzyme readout was partly maintained. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

One whole-animal stress response was smaller.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 848–859

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-food Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in food intake. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One whole-animal stress response was smaller. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

A serum lipid ratio changed; atherosclerosis itself was not measured.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 926–937

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-index Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated rise in the atherogenic index. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A serum lipid ratio changed; atherosclerosis itself was not measured. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

This measured organ response was reduced.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 874–885

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-lung Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated increase in lung weight. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This measured organ response was reduced. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

An oxidation-related marker decreased relative to challenge alone.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 887–898

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-tbars Nasunin attenuated the rise in liver lipid TBARS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An oxidation-related marker decreased relative to challenge alone. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

A hepatic lipid measurement moved toward the control condition.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 913–924

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-triglyceride Nasunin attenuated the challenge-associated fall in liver triacylglycerol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A hepatic lipid measurement moved toward the control condition. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"}

experimental_model

Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding

exposure

Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract

limitations

Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Rats

plain_language

Weight gain was better preserved during cofeeding.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

tissue_or_cell_type

Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 861–872

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-paraquat-weight Nasunin attenuated the paraquat-associated reduction in body weight gain. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Weight gain was better preserved during cofeeding. organism: Rats tissue_or_cell_type: Liver redox markers and whole-animal responses experimental_model: Dietary paraquat challenge with nasunin cofeeding limitations: Preventive cofeeding is not a human poisoning treatment. A mitochondrial-fraction catalase assay does not establish mitochondrial localization of catalase. exposure: Paraquat-containing diet with or without nasunin; dose not specified in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10380622.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1009, "text_sha256": "8100a5a5537ebfde9e6d82e3c71aeb3aed980c58b2f3ae9b27400258324d1a69"} [nasunin-p10380622] Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380622/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.799

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"}

experimental_model

DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge

exposure

Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments

limitations

Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate

plain_language

This is a biochemical protection result, not a brain-treatment trial.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x

tissue_or_cell_type

Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 588–599

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-peroxide-lipid-protection Nasunin below 50 micromolar reduced peroxide-induced lipid-peroxidation readouts in rat brain homogenates. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a biochemical protection result, not a brain-treatment trial. organism: Cell-free reaction and rat brain homogenate tissue_or_cell_type: Fenton chemistry and lipid-peroxidation markers experimental_model: DMPO-competition ESR assay and peroxide challenge limitations: Related investigators and overlapping numerical results with the 1998 report; not independent replication. Ferrous-chelation interpretation is distinct from the earlier Fe(III) stoichiometry experiment. exposure: Variable DMPO concentrations; nasunin below 50 micromolar in homogenate experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10962130.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "61b195a6eff14c25cfc341069c7cafb8fe4d0b374aa294b3d28e0e48bbed7c16"} [nasunin-p10962130] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10962130/ DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

The parallel enzyme preparation also responded.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1056–1067

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-sobrinus-glucan Nasunin inhibited the corresponding S. sobrinus 6715 crude glucosyltransferase preparation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The parallel enzyme preparation also responded. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

This species had a different measured threshold.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1004–1015

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-sobrinus-mic The nasunin MIC for S. sobrinus was 250 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This species had a different measured threshold. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"}

experimental_model

ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation

exposure

Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment

limitations

Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates

plain_language

This chemical assay compares activity; it does not mean more SOD enzyme was made.

primary_references

[nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

tissue_or_cell_type

Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 549–560

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-superoxide-scavenging ESR measured superoxide scavenging at 143 +/- 8 SOD-equivalent units per mg. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This chemical assay compares activity; it does not mean more SOD enzyme was made. organism: Cell-free chemistry and rat brain homogenates tissue_or_cell_type: Iron complex formation and lipid oxidation experimental_model: ESR spin trapping, spectrophotometry and tissue-homogenate oxidation limitations: Homogenates do not establish brain entry or neuronal protection after oral intake. SOD-equivalent units are assay calibration, not SOD induction. exposure: Nasunin isolated from Chouja eggplant; 1 micromolar homogenate experiment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/10100509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1400, "text_sha256": "c9b0aa305d8c03dd6b8fe8c1fae505dc50b3347a43c00387e01d4e36ecd04c09"} [nasunin-p10100509] Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100509/

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"}

experimental_model

Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening

exposure

Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract

limitations

New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models

plain_language

The target assignment remains a candidate pending review of direct binding and selectivity evidence.

primary_references

[nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

tissue_or_cell_type

Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 510–521

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-thbs1-screen Virtual screening nominated nasunin as a THBS1 inhibitor. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The target assignment remains a candidate pending review of direct binding and selectivity evidence. organism: Type 2 diabetic and control mice; mouse primary-cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Neutrophil-to-macrophage signaling and osteoclastogenesis experimental_model: Mouse transfer/ablation experiments, cell assays and virtual screening limitations: New preclinical study: virtual screening nomination is not a measured binding affinity. The pathway findings and treatment outcomes are retained separately. No human efficacy or dose inference. exposure: Nasunin intervention reported; exact regimen and binding validation unavailable in the indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/41407214.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "e0958157d5bc8c5df908b6d7ff18348c83726b06b63d2dc6953ebfd2ffdf0a08"} [nasunin-p41407214] Neutrophil-derived thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) drives type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis via CD36-PPARγ-POU2F2 signaling. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407214/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.168139

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"}

experimental_model

LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments

exposure

Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract

limitations

These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Mouse RAW264 macrophages

plain_language

One inflammatory messenger decreased.

primary_references

[nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

tissue_or_cell_type

Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 198–209

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-tnf-release Nasunin reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One inflammatory messenger decreased. organism: Mouse RAW264 macrophages tissue_or_cell_type: Inflammatory mediator secretion and signaling experimental_model: LPS-stimulated macrophage experiments limitations: These measurements do not prove direct binding to Akt, p38, NF-kappa-B or NOS2; reduced NOS2 expression is not direct enzyme inhibition. Response is LPS/cell-context dependent. exposure: Dose-dependent nasunin treatment; exact dose/time not reported in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/28812425.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1094, "text_sha256": "7a697b4eb979f1e6349bc79f4d2ed0d3994de51dfed777a71fb04740819eeabf"} [nasunin-p28812425] Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812425/ DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1362973

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"}

experimental_model

Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR

exposure

Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure

limitations

Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Solanum melongena

plain_language

The trans form has its own database identity.

primary_references

[nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y

tissue_or_cell_type

Eggplant peel pigments

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 107–118

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-trans-identity A trans-p-coumaroyl isomer was separately identified. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The trans form has its own database identity. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Eggplant peel pigments experimental_model: Purification, mass spectrometry and NMR limitations: Cis/trans refers to the p-coumaroyl moiety. Interconversion during handling can change the tested preparation; this is not human metabolism. exposure: Acidified methanolic extract; room-light exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/16302764.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 759, "text_sha256": "4a79be9e5b34aba2c189fcde3f22fe9142f8b87408f33caeefc9283841ec894e"} [nasunin-p16302764] Nasunin from eggplant consists of cis-trans isomers of delphinidin 3-[4-(p-coumaroyl)-L-rhamnosyl (1-->6)glucopyranoside]-5-glucopyranoside. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16302764/ DOI: 10.1021/jf051841y

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"}

experimental_model

Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays

exposure

Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively

limitations

In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus

plain_language

A third tested species was inhibited.

primary_references

[nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

tissue_or_cell_type

Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1017–1028

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-viscosus-mic The nasunin MIC for A. viscosus was 500 micrograms/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A third tested species was inhibited. organism: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus tissue_or_cell_type: Bacterial viability and extracellular glucan production experimental_model: Growth, resting-cell and crude-enzyme assays limitations: In vitro concentrations and crude-enzyme preparations do not establish human caries prevention; glucosyltransferase isoforms were not resolved. exposure: Nasunin MIC 500, 250 and 500 micrograms/mL respectively evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/dental2010.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2042, "text_sha256": "7d369feccf2a98d02ce5f11168e967be5f9e95b51d02e45468a4e468e99c9d9b"} [nasunin-pdental2010] Antibacterial Effects of Nasunin against Cariogenic Bacteria (2010). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shikahozon/53/3/53_KJ00006714377/_article/-char/en DOI: 10.11471/shikahozon.53.296

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"}

experimental_model

Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays

exposure

Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons

limitations

Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils

plain_language

Other compounds in the extract contribute to its measured behavior.

primary_references

[nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

tissue_or_cell_type

Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 627–638

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-mixture-effect Semi-purified preparations were more active than purified anthocyanin crystals across the reported comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Other compounds in the extract contribute to its measured behavior. organism: Cell-free assays and isolated human neutrophils tissue_or_cell_type: Radical and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence readouts experimental_model: Purified crystals versus semi-purified extracts in EPR and neutrophil assays limitations: Mixture composition does not demonstrate pharmacological synergy. Human cells outside the body are not a clinical trial; assays differ from colon-cell ROS experiments. exposure: Chlorogenic-acid-depleted extracts; purified NAS and D3R comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/extract2016.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1165, "text_sha256": "59f579b08c2eb270f935d58dfb0a751867b624b099b5eea3674abc1bb8ec0115"} [nasunin-pextract2016] Characterization and antioxidant activity of semi-purified extracts and pure delphinidin-glycosides from eggplant peel ( Solanum melongena L.) (2016). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464615005368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.032

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"}

experimental_model

Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation

exposure

Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison

limitations

Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Solanum melongena

plain_language

An enzyme in the plant changes which pigment reaches the diet.

primary_references

[nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174

tissue_or_cell_type

Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 133–144

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-aat-accumulation Functional SmelAAT overexpression increased nasunin accumulation in D3R-type eggplant lines. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme in the plant changes which pigment reaches the diet. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis experimental_model: Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation limitations: Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity. exposure: Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"} [nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174

availability_state

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"}

experimental_model

Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation

exposure

Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison

limitations

Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity.

nutrient_topic

Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin

organism

Solanum melongena

plain_language

The precursor remains when pigment-finishing machinery is impaired.

primary_references

[nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174

tissue_or_cell_type

Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis

trigger_kind

machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 146–157

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### nasunin-aat-loss The deletion allele was associated with D3R retention and predicted loss of SmelAAT function. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The precursor remains when pigment-finishing machinery is impaired. organism: Solanum melongena tissue_or_cell_type: Fruit peel anthocyanin biosynthesis experimental_model: Plant mapping, sequence comparison and transgenic complementation limitations: Plant-specific upstream mechanism. Smel5GT1 involvement is putative; transcript association does not prove its reaction or substrate specificity. exposure: Functional SmelAAT overexpression in D3R-type lines; natural deletion comparison evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/34502081.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1501, "text_sha256": "dbcedaffe1dcd19720ad75b9bc070531bb2b16aa9cc3e19a39487b999f74fc68"} [nasunin-p34502081] A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502081/ DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179174