Component

Stevioside

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

22 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. TAS2R14 was the other human receptor identified in the functional screen as mediating steviol-glycoside bitter off-taste.

    Stevioside → Human bitter taste receptor / TAS2R14 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human cell-based receptor screening.
    limitations
    A tongue receptor response does not automatically reproduce in intestinal or immune tissue.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Two separately stored receptors connect the taste profile to other research.
    primary_references
    Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 162–168

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human cell-based receptor screening. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-bitter14 Two separately stored receptors connect the taste profile to other research. TAS2R14 was the other human receptor identified in the functional screen as mediating steviol-glycoside bitter off-taste. Model: Human cell-based receptor screening. Limitations: A tongue receptor response does not automatically reproduce in intestinal or immune tissue. Evidence access: Primary abstract Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Screening 25 human bitter taste receptors identified TAS2R4 among the receptors mediating steviol-glycoside bitter off-taste.

    Stevioside → Human bitter taste receptor / TAS2R4 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human receptor-expression assays and sensory studies.
    limitations
    Individual glycosides differ in receptor potency; this is not a claim that every glycoside is equally bitter.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The sweetener can also engage a bitter receptor.
    primary_references
    Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 154–160

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor-expression assays and sensory studies. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-bitter4 The sweetener can also engage a bitter receptor. Screening 25 human bitter taste receptors identified TAS2R4 among the receptors mediating steviol-glycoside bitter off-taste. Model: Human receptor-expression assays and sensory studies. Limitations: Individual glycosides differ in receptor potency; this is not a claim that every glycoside is equally bitter. Evidence access: Primary abstract Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. A two-year placebo-controlled trial in mild hypertension reported lower blood pressure with 500 mg stevioside three times daily; 174 enrolled and 168 completed.

    Stevioside → Human blood pressure during long-term stevioside source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Multicenter randomized double-blind trial in Chinese adults with mild essential hypertension.
    limitations
    Gram-level daily exposure; this does not verify calcium-channel mediation in humans or make every stevia product an antihypertensive.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A pharmacological-style oral regimen produced a clinical signal in one study.
    primary_references
    Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14693305/ · DOI 10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80334-x

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 386–392

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized double-blind trial in Chinese adults with mild essential hypertension. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-blood-pressure-trial A pharmacological-style oral regimen produced a clinical signal in one study. A two-year placebo-controlled trial in mild hypertension reported lower blood pressure with 500 mg stevioside three times daily; 174 enrolled and 168 completed. Model: Multicenter randomized double-blind trial in Chinese adults with mild essential hypertension. Limitations: Gram-level daily exposure; this does not verify calcium-channel mediation in humans or make every stevia product an antihypertensive. Evidence access: Primary abstract Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14693305/ · DOI 10.1016/s0149-2918(03)80334-x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. In unstimulated THP-1 cells, stevioside induced TNF, IL-1beta and nitric oxide release; anti-TLR4 antibody partially neutralized TNF release.

    Stevioside → Human unstimulated THP-1 cytokine release source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human THP-1 cells; antibody perturbation.
    limitations
    This is an explained stimulus difference, not a contradiction or proof of a clinical immune benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The same compound can stimulate resting cells while suppressing an already stimulated response.
    primary_references
    Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 330–336

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human THP-1 cells; antibody perturbation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-immune-resting The same compound can stimulate resting cells while suppressing an already stimulated response. In unstimulated THP-1 cells, stevioside induced TNF, IL-1beta and nitric oxide release; anti-TLR4 antibody partially neutralized TNF release. Model: Human THP-1 cells; antibody perturbation. Limitations: This is an explained stimulus difference, not a contradiction or proof of a clinical immune benefit. Evidence access: Primary abstract Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Stevioside at 1 mM suppressed LPS-induced TNF and IL-1beta release in human THP-1 cells, with suppression of IKKbeta and NF-kappaB activation.

    Stevioside → Human THP-1 LPS-induced cytokine release source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human monocyte-derived cell line with LPS stimulation.
    limitations
    High direct exposure is not demonstrated after dietary sweetener use; pathway inhibition does not establish direct protein binding.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The inflammatory state changes what the compound does.
    primary_references
    Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 322–328

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human monocyte-derived cell line with LPS stimulation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-immune-stimulated The inflammatory state changes what the compound does. Stevioside at 1 mM suppressed LPS-induced TNF and IL-1beta release in human THP-1 cells, with suppression of IKKbeta and NF-kappaB activation. Model: Human monocyte-derived cell line with LPS stimulation. Limitations: High direct exposure is not demonstrated after dietary sweetener use; pathway inhibition does not establish direct protein binding. Evidence access: Primary abstract Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Stevioside at 1–100 micromolar did not alter ATP-sensitive potassium-channel activity in the reported beta-cell experiments.

    Stevioside → Beta-cell KATP activity in the 2000 stevioside assay, channel-recording species unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse islets and rat INS-1 beta-cell experiments; channel findings summarized in the primary abstract.
    limitations
    The accessed abstract includes mouse islets and rat INS-1 cells but does not unambiguously assign the channel recording to one preparation; full protocol-level reconciliation with the later positive report is incomplete.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    One experiment found insulin stimulation without a detected potassium-channel effect.
    primary_references
    Stevioside acts directly on pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin: actions independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+-channel activity. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10690946/ · DOI 10.1016/s0026-0495(00)91325-8

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 226–232

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse islets and rat INS-1 beta-cell experiments; channel findings summarized in the primary abstract. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-katp-null One experiment found insulin stimulation without a detected potassium-channel effect. Stevioside at 1–100 micromolar did not alter ATP-sensitive potassium-channel activity in the reported beta-cell experiments. Model: Mouse islets and rat INS-1 beta-cell experiments; channel findings summarized in the primary abstract. Limitations: The accessed abstract includes mouse islets and rat INS-1 cells but does not unambiguously assign the channel recording to one preparation; full protocol-level reconciliation with the later positive report is incomplete. Evidence access: Primary abstract Stevioside acts directly on pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin: actions independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+-channel activity. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10690946/ · DOI 10.1016/s0026-0495(00)91325-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Stevioside at 1 micromolar reduced ATP-sensitive potassium conductance in a glucose-dependent manner in dispersed mouse beta cells.

    Stevioside → Mouse pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium conductance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Conventional and permeabilized whole-cell patch clamp of mouse islet beta cells.
    limitations
    This does not by itself establish direct pore binding; glucose dependence and recording conditions may explain the discrepancy.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Another experiment detected a potassium-channel change at a concentration within the earlier tested range.
    primary_references
    Rebaudioside A directly stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells: a glucose-dependent action via inhibition of ATP-sensitive K-channels. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18435771/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00864.x

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 234–240

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Conventional and permeabilized whole-cell patch clamp of mouse islet beta cells. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-katp-positive Another experiment detected a potassium-channel change at a concentration within the earlier tested range. Stevioside at 1 micromolar reduced ATP-sensitive potassium conductance in a glucose-dependent manner in dispersed mouse beta cells. Model: Conventional and permeabilized whole-cell patch clamp of mouse islet beta cells. Limitations: This does not by itself establish direct pore binding; glucose dependence and recording conditions may explain the discrepancy. Evidence access: Primary abstract Rebaudioside A directly stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells: a glucose-dependent action via inhibition of ATP-sensitive K-channels. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18435771/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00864.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Stevioside did not elicit islet calcium signals at 3 mM glucose in the tested mouse preparation.

    Stevioside → Mouse low-glucose islet calcium response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text; supplementary Figure 3 description
    experimental_model
    Mouse islet calcium imaging at low versus stimulatory glucose.
    limitations
    This does not establish zero human hypoglycemia risk under all combinations.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The metabolic trigger still matters when a potentiator is present.
    primary_references
    Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 218–224

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse islet calcium imaging at low versus stimulatory glucose. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-low-glucose The metabolic trigger still matters when a potentiator is present. Stevioside did not elicit islet calcium signals at 3 mM glucose in the tested mouse preparation. Model: Mouse islet calcium imaging at low versus stimulatory glucose. Limitations: This does not establish zero human hypoglycemia risk under all combinations. Evidence access: Primary full text; supplementary Figure 3 description Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. In a 12-person type-2-diabetes crossover trial, adding 1 g stevioside to a meal reduced glucose incremental AUC by 18% versus maize starch, without a significant change in insulin or GLP-1 AUC.

    Stevioside → Human meal glucose incremental AUC with stevioside source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Acute paired crossover; four-hour blood sampling.
    limitations
    Small study and gram-level dose; not evidence of long-term disease treatment or of equivalence to rebaudioside A.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A small human meal trial found a glycemic effect but did not confirm every proposed hormonal route.
    primary_references
    Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681845/ · DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.013

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 362–368

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Acute paired crossover; four-hour blood sampling. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-meal-trial A small human meal trial found a glycemic effect but did not confirm every proposed hormonal route. In a 12-person type-2-diabetes crossover trial, adding 1 g stevioside to a meal reduced glucose incremental AUC by 18% versus maize starch, without a significant change in insulin or GLP-1 AUC. Model: Acute paired crossover; four-hour blood sampling. Limitations: Small study and gram-level dose; not evidence of long-term disease treatment or of equivalence to rebaudioside A. Evidence access: Primary abstract Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681845/ · DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.013
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. Anaerobic human fecal cultures completely hydrolyzed stevioside to steviol in 10 hours.

    Stevioside → Steviol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human fecal batch cultures; chromatographic product identification.
    limitations
    An incubation time is not a universal intestinal transit time. No human systemic efficacy was tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Gut microbes transform the sweetener before much of its systemic exposure.
    primary_references
    Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558786/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0303619

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 18–24

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human fecal batch cultures; chromatographic product identification. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-microbial-stevioside Gut microbes transform the sweetener before much of its systemic exposure. Anaerobic human fecal cultures completely hydrolyzed stevioside to steviol in 10 hours. Model: Human fecal batch cultures; chromatographic product identification. Limitations: An incubation time is not a universal intestinal transit time. No human systemic efficacy was tested. Evidence access: Primary abstract Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558786/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0303619
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  11. Stevioside increased calcium-oscillation frequency in wild-type mouse islets at 10 mM glucose; the reported concentration-response EC50 was 690 nM.

    Stevioside → Mouse islet calcium-oscillation frequency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text; Figure 3
    experimental_model
    Mouse islets with calcium imaging; dose range 1 nM to 100 micromolar.
    limitations
    EC50 is an experimental response value, not a human blood target.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The timing of calcium signals changes as well as their presence.
    primary_references
    Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 202–208

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse islets with calcium imaging; dose range 1 nM to 100 micromolar. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-mouse-oscillations The timing of calcium signals changes as well as their presence. Stevioside increased calcium-oscillation frequency in wild-type mouse islets at 10 mM glucose; the reported concentration-response EC50 was 690 nM. Model: Mouse islets with calcium imaging; dose range 1 nM to 100 micromolar. Limitations: EC50 is an experimental response value, not a human blood target. Evidence access: Primary full text; Figure 3 Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  12. Stevioside did not inhibit human OAT3-mediated estrone-sulfate uptake or OAT1-mediated para-aminohippurate uptake, whereas steviol did.

    Stevioside → Human organic anion transporter 3 / SLC22A8 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human OAT expression in Xenopus oocytes.
    limitations
    A negative uptake-inhibition assay does not rule out all other transporters.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The parent sweetener and its metabolite do not share every transport interaction.
    primary_references
    Transport of the natural sweetener stevioside and its aglycone steviol by human organic anion transporter (hOAT1; SLC22A6) and hOAT3 (SLC22A8). · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15644426/ · DOI 10.1124/jpet.104.080366

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 114–120

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human OAT expression in Xenopus oocytes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-parent-oat-null The parent sweetener and its metabolite do not share every transport interaction. Stevioside did not inhibit human OAT3-mediated estrone-sulfate uptake or OAT1-mediated para-aminohippurate uptake, whereas steviol did. Model: Human OAT expression in Xenopus oocytes. Limitations: A negative uptake-inhibition assay does not rule out all other transporters. Evidence access: Primary abstract Transport of the natural sweetener stevioside and its aglycone steviol by human organic anion transporter (hOAT1; SLC22A6) and hOAT3 (SLC22A8). · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15644426/ · DOI 10.1124/jpet.104.080366
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  13. Stevioside relaxed vasopressin-contracted rat aortic rings and inhibited calcium influx in A7r5 smooth-muscle cells; the relaxation disappeared in calcium-free medium.

    Stevioside → Rat vascular calcium influx during stevioside exposure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Rat aorta with and without endothelium; cultured rat A7r5 cells; intraperitoneal 25 mg/kg also examined in hypertensive rats.
    limitations
    The specific calcium-channel molecular target was not established in the accessed abstract; parenteral dosing is not oral sweetener use.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A vascular calcium-entry effect differs from pancreatic calcium-signal potentiation.
    primary_references
    Inhibitory effect of stevioside on calcium influx to produce antihypertension. · 2001 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11745013/ · DOI 10.1055/s-2001-18841

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 290–296

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat aorta with and without endothelium; cultured rat A7r5 cells; intraperitoneal 25 mg/kg also examined in hypertensive rats. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-rat-calcium A vascular calcium-entry effect differs from pancreatic calcium-signal potentiation. Stevioside relaxed vasopressin-contracted rat aortic rings and inhibited calcium influx in A7r5 smooth-muscle cells; the relaxation disappeared in calcium-free medium. Model: Rat aorta with and without endothelium; cultured rat A7r5 cells; intraperitoneal 25 mg/kg also examined in hypertensive rats. Limitations: The specific calcium-channel molecular target was not established in the accessed abstract; parenteral dosing is not oral sweetener use. Evidence access: Primary abstract Inhibitory effect of stevioside on calcium influx to produce antihypertension. · 2001 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11745013/ · DOI 10.1055/s-2001-18841
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  14. Human sensory and receptor-expression experiments examined stevioside sweet responses through TAS1R2/TAS1R3; falling sweetness at high concentration was not attributed to allosteric suppression of that receptor.

    Stevioside → Human sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human sensory testing and cell-based functional receptor assays.
    limitations
    The sensory outcome does not establish pancreatic insulin release or systemic glucose lowering.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Sweetness perception can change without direct inhibition of the sweet receptor.
    primary_references
    Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 146–152

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human sensory testing and cell-based functional receptor assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-sweet-receptor Sweetness perception can change without direct inhibition of the sweet receptor. Human sensory and receptor-expression experiments examined stevioside sweet responses through TAS1R2/TAS1R3; falling sweetness at high concentration was not attributed to allosteric suppression of that receptor. Model: Human sensory testing and cell-based functional receptor assays. Limitations: The sensory outcome does not establish pancreatic insulin release or systemic glucose lowering. Evidence access: Primary abstract Human psychometric and taste receptor responses to steviol glycosides. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22616809/ · DOI 10.1021/jf301297n
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  15. Stevioside increased calcium-activated TRPM5 currents in transfected HEK293T cells; the effect reversed with washout.

    Stevioside → TRPM5 channel in the 2017 expression assay, construct species not independently verified source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text; Figure 1 and patch-clamp methods
    experimental_model
    Whole-cell patch clamp with 1 micromolar free intracellular calcium.
    limitations
    Human host-cell origin does not establish construct species; that uncertainty is explicit in the channel node.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    It strengthens an existing ion-channel response rather than supplying the calcium signal.
    primary_references
    Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 170–176

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Whole-cell patch clamp with 1 micromolar free intracellular calcium. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-trpm5-stev It strengthens an existing ion-channel response rather than supplying the calcium signal. Stevioside increased calcium-activated TRPM5 currents in transfected HEK293T cells; the effect reversed with washout. Model: Whole-cell patch clamp with 1 micromolar free intracellular calcium. Limitations: Human host-cell origin does not establish construct species; that uncertainty is explicit in the channel node. Evidence access: Primary full text; Figure 1 and patch-clamp methods Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Among the tested intestinal bacterial groups, Bacteroides isolates most efficiently hydrolyzed stevioside and rebaudioside A to steviol.

    Bacteroides isolates in the human fecal stevia assay → Microbial production of steviol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Selected bacterial isolates and mixed fecal cultures.
    limitations
    The experiment does not prove a single necessary species or a clinical probiotic strategy.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Which microbes are present can influence conversion capacity.
    primary_references
    Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558786/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0303619

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 34–40

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Selected bacterial isolates and mixed fecal cultures. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-bacteroides Which microbes are present can influence conversion capacity. Among the tested intestinal bacterial groups, Bacteroides isolates most efficiently hydrolyzed stevioside and rebaudioside A to steviol. Model: Selected bacterial isolates and mixed fecal cultures. Limitations: The experiment does not prove a single necessary species or a clinical probiotic strategy. Evidence access: Primary abstract Metabolism of stevioside and rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558786/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0303619
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Buffering intracellular free calcium prevented stevioside from activating TRPM5 in the expression assay.

    Calcium ion → TRPM5 channel in the 2017 expression assay, construct species not independently verified source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary full text; Figure 1d and methods
    experimental_model
    Intracellular calcium buffered with BAPTA; whole-cell recordings.
    limitations
    This is a local signaling requirement, not evidence of dietary calcium deficiency or benefit from a calcium supplement.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Without the activating calcium signal, potentiation did not turn the channel on.
    primary_references
    Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 194–200

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intracellular calcium buffered with BAPTA; whole-cell recordings. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-calcium-gate Without the activating calcium signal, potentiation did not turn the channel on. Buffering intracellular free calcium prevented stevioside from activating TRPM5 in the expression assay. Model: Intracellular calcium buffered with BAPTA; whole-cell recordings. Limitations: This is a local signaling requirement, not evidence of dietary calcium deficiency or benefit from a calcium supplement. Evidence access: Primary full text; Figure 1d and methods Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. In everted hamster jejunum, 1 mM steviol reduced glucose absorption by 29%, accompanied by reduced mucosal ATP and altered absorptive morphology; stevioside at 1 or 5 mM did not inhibit absorption.

    Steviol → Hamster jejunal glucose absorption source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Hamster ex vivo intestine; mitochondrial enzyme activity and morphology assays.
    limitations
    This potentially disruptive millimolar exposure is not proof of safe, selective glucose blocking in humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    High local exposure impaired the tissue machinery supporting absorption.
    primary_references
    Inhibitory effect of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, on glucose absorption in everted hamster intestine in vitro. · 1995 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7482583/ · DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03391-w

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 346–352

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Hamster ex vivo intestine; mitochondrial enzyme activity and morphology assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-hamster-energy High local exposure impaired the tissue machinery supporting absorption. In everted hamster jejunum, 1 mM steviol reduced glucose absorption by 29%, accompanied by reduced mucosal ATP and altered absorptive morphology; stevioside at 1 or 5 mM did not inhibit absorption. Model: Hamster ex vivo intestine; mitochondrial enzyme activity and morphology assays. Limitations: This potentially disruptive millimolar exposure is not proof of safe, selective glucose blocking in humans. Evidence access: Primary abstract Inhibitory effect of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, on glucose absorption in everted hamster intestine in vitro. · 1995 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7482583/ · DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03391-w
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Median plasma steviol-glucuronide peak times were 12 hours after rebaudioside A and 8 hours after stevioside; elimination half-lives were approximately 14 hours.

    Rebaudioside A → Human steviol-glucuronide time to peak source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Same crossover study in healthy men.
    limitations
    Group medians do not predict one person or another formulation.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    An oral sweet taste and a circulating metabolite peak occur on different timelines.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 82–88

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same crossover study in healthy men. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-human-timing An oral sweet taste and a circulating metabolite peak occur on different timelines. Median plasma steviol-glucuronide peak times were 12 hours after rebaudioside A and 8 hours after stevioside; elimination half-lives were approximately 14 hours. Model: Same crossover study in healthy men. Limitations: Group medians do not predict one person or another formulation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. After single oral rebaudioside A or stevioside doses in healthy men, urinary steviol glucuronide accounted for 59% and 62% of the respective doses during 72-hour collection.

    Steviol glucuronide → Human urinary steviol-glucuronide elimination source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract.
    limitations
    Incomplete recovery is not evidence of permanent retention. These are healthy adult male pharmacokinetics.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The conjugated metabolite is a major measured urinary exit route.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 74–80

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-human-urine The conjugated metabolite is a major measured urinary exit route. After single oral rebaudioside A or stevioside doses in healthy men, urinary steviol glucuronide accounted for 59% and 62% of the respective doses during 72-hour collection. Model: Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract. Limitations: Incomplete recovery is not evidence of permanent retention. These are healthy adult male pharmacokinetics. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Trpm5 knockout abolished the stevioside-associated increase in glucose-driven calcium-oscillation frequency and enhancement of insulin release in mouse islets.

    Mouse calcium-activated monovalent cation channel / Trpm5 → Mouse stevioside-induced islet potentiation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary full text; Figures 3 and 4
    experimental_model
    Wild-type versus Trpm5-null isolated mouse islets.
    limitations
    This is genetic machinery loss, not stevia deficiency; human efficacy is not inferred.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    An available compound cannot reproduce this effect when the target channel is missing.
    primary_references
    Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 210–216

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Wild-type versus Trpm5-null isolated mouse islets. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-mouse-knockout An available compound cannot reproduce this effect when the target channel is missing. Trpm5 knockout abolished the stevioside-associated increase in glucose-driven calcium-oscillation frequency and enhancement of insulin release in mouse islets. Model: Wild-type versus Trpm5-null isolated mouse islets. Limitations: This is genetic machinery loss, not stevia deficiency; human efficacy is not inferred. Evidence access: Primary full text; Figures 3 and 4 Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361903/ · DOI 10.1038/ncomms14733
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Steviol at 100 micromolar did not reproduce the LPS-response suppression observed with 1 mM stevioside.

    Steviol → Human THP-1 LPS-induced cytokine release source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human THP-1 assay comparing distinct compounds at different concentrations.
    limitations
    Different doses prevent a simple potency ranking; no universal inactivity claim is made.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Metabolism changes which immune effects are observed.
    primary_references
    Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 338–344

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human THP-1 assay comparing distinct compounds at different concentrations. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-steviol-immune-null Metabolism changes which immune effects are observed. Steviol at 100 micromolar did not reproduce the LPS-response suppression observed with 1 mM stevioside. Model: Human THP-1 assay comparing distinct compounds at different concentrations. Limitations: Different doses prevent a simple potency ranking; no universal inactivity claim is made. Evidence access: Primary abstract Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Stevioside and Its Metabolite Steviol on THP-1 Cells. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16448183/ · DOI 10.1021/jf0523465
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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