Component

Steviol glucuronide

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

11 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. After single oral rebaudioside A or stevioside doses in healthy men, urinary steviol glucuronide accounted for 59% and 62% of the respective doses during 72-hour collection.

    Steviol glucuronide → Human urinary steviol-glucuronide elimination source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract.
    limitations
    Incomplete recovery is not evidence of permanent retention. These are healthy adult male pharmacokinetics.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The conjugated metabolite is a major measured urinary exit route.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 74–80

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-human-urine The conjugated metabolite is a major measured urinary exit route. After single oral rebaudioside A or stevioside doses in healthy men, urinary steviol glucuronide accounted for 59% and 62% of the respective doses during 72-hour collection. Model: Randomized double-blind crossover pharmacokinetic study; dose values not specified in the accessed abstract. Limitations: Incomplete recovery is not evidence of permanent retention. These are healthy adult male pharmacokinetics. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Steviol glucuronide increased insulin release from isolated mouse islets, maximally at 100 nM with 16.7 mM glucose; enhancement required glucose of at least 11.1 mM in the tested range.

    Steviol glucuronide → Mouse insulin secretion after steviol glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Sixty-minute static incubation and islet perifusion.
    limitations
    TRPM5 mediation was not established in this experiment; human glucose-lowering efficacy is separate.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The conjugated metabolite is not necessarily biologically inactive.
    primary_references
    Steviol glucuronide, a metabolite of steviol glycosides, potently stimulates insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets: Studies in vitro. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592450/ · DOI 10.1002/edm2.93

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 250–256

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sixty-minute static incubation and islet perifusion. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-svg-insulin The conjugated metabolite is not necessarily biologically inactive. Steviol glucuronide increased insulin release from isolated mouse islets, maximally at 100 nM with 16.7 mM glucose; enhancement required glucose of at least 11.1 mM in the tested range. Model: Sixty-minute static incubation and islet perifusion. Limitations: TRPM5 mediation was not established in this experiment; human glucose-lowering efficacy is separate. Evidence access: Primary abstract Steviol glucuronide, a metabolite of steviol glycosides, potently stimulates insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets: Studies in vitro. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592450/ · DOI 10.1002/edm2.93
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. OAT3 mediated predominant uptake of steviol glucuronide relative to the tested OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 systems.

    Human organic anion transporter 3 / SLC22A8 → Steviol glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    In vitro transporter-expression comparison.
    limitations
    This compares tested systems, not every renal transporter or complete epithelial excretion.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Conjugation changes the molecule without ending transporter dependence.
    primary_references
    Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011
    transport_effect
    raises Recorded as predominant uptake of steviol glucuronide relative to the other tested systems.
    transport_pool
    the expressing cell Recorded as predominant uptake of steviol glucuronide relative to the other tested systems.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 122–128

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In vitro transporter-expression comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-svg-oat3 Conjugation changes the molecule without ending transporter dependence. OAT3 mediated predominant uptake of steviol glucuronide relative to the tested OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 systems. Model: In vitro transporter-expression comparison. Limitations: This compares tested systems, not every renal transporter or complete epithelial excretion. Evidence access: Primary abstract Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Diclofenac inhibited steviol glucuronidation in human liver microsomes, with reported Ki 4.2 micromolar.

    Diclofenac → Human microsomal steviol glucuronidation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    In vitro human liver microsomes.
    limitations
    Clinical relevance at ordinary sweetener exposure was not established; steviol is the possible interaction victim.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A drug can interfere with the clearance step for a plant-derived metabolite.
    primary_references
    Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 66–72

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In vitro human liver microsomes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-diclofenac-conjugation A drug can interfere with the clearance step for a plant-derived metabolite. Diclofenac inhibited steviol glucuronidation in human liver microsomes, with reported Ki 4.2 micromolar. Model: In vitro human liver microsomes. Limitations: Clinical relevance at ordinary sweetener exposure was not established; steviol is the possible interaction victim. Evidence access: Primary abstract Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Diclofenac inhibited OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake, with IC50 8.0 micromolar.

    Diclofenac → Human OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    In vitro uptake assay; distinct from the glucuronidation experiment.
    limitations
    Combining the two records does not quantify a net in vivo interaction.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The same drug intersects two different clearance steps.
    primary_references
    Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 138–144

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In vitro uptake assay; distinct from the glucuronidation experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-diclofenac-oat3 The same drug intersects two different clearance steps. Diclofenac inhibited OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake, with IC50 8.0 micromolar. Model: In vitro uptake assay; distinct from the glucuronidation experiment. Limitations: Combining the two records does not quantify a net in vivo interaction. Evidence access: Primary abstract Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Median plasma steviol-glucuronide peak times were 12 hours after rebaudioside A and 8 hours after stevioside; elimination half-lives were approximately 14 hours.

    Rebaudioside A → Human steviol-glucuronide time to peak source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Same crossover study in healthy men.
    limitations
    Group medians do not predict one person or another formulation.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    An oral sweet taste and a circulating metabolite peak occur on different timelines.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 82–88

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same crossover study in healthy men. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-human-timing An oral sweet taste and a circulating metabolite peak occur on different timelines. Median plasma steviol-glucuronide peak times were 12 hours after rebaudioside A and 8 hours after stevioside; elimination half-lives were approximately 14 hours. Model: Same crossover study in healthy men. Limitations: Group medians do not predict one person or another formulation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of rebaudioside A and stevioside after single oral doses in healthy men. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555578/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.041
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Following a single 3 g oral dose, rebaudioside A was detected in plasma as early as one hour in nearly all participants; steviol and its glucuronide peaked at 19.5 hours.

    Rebaudioside A → Human plasma rebaudioside A source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes; open-label randomized placebo crossover; metformin or no therapy.
    limitations
    This does not establish the fraction absorbed intact or justify a blanket statement that glycosides are never absorbed.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Some intact parent compound can be detected after a large dose.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rebaudioside A in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057030/ · DOI 10.1007/s13318-022-00792-7
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 90–96

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes; open-label randomized placebo crossover; metformin or no therapy. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-intact-reba Some intact parent compound can be detected after a large dose. Following a single 3 g oral dose, rebaudioside A was detected in plasma as early as one hour in nearly all participants; steviol and its glucuronide peaked at 19.5 hours. Model: Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes; open-label randomized placebo crossover; metformin or no therapy. Limitations: This does not establish the fraction absorbed intact or justify a blanket statement that glycosides are never absorbed. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rebaudioside A in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057030/ · DOI 10.1007/s13318-022-00792-7
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Quercetin inhibited OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake, with IC50 1.8 micromolar.

    Quercetin → Human OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    In vitro transport inhibition assay.
    limitations
    Free tissue exposure and a human pharmacokinetic interaction were not established.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A food-derived flavonoid intersects the metabolite clearance route.
    primary_references
    Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 130–136

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In vitro transport inhibition assay. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-quercetin-oat3 A food-derived flavonoid intersects the metabolite clearance route. Quercetin inhibited OAT3-mediated steviol-glucuronide uptake, with IC50 1.8 micromolar. Model: In vitro transport inhibition assay. Limitations: Free tissue exposure and a human pharmacokinetic interaction were not established. Evidence access: Primary abstract Transmembrane transport of steviol glucuronide and its potential interaction with selected drugs and natural compounds. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26525112/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.011
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. In 30 adults with type 2 diabetes, 3 g oral rebaudioside A did not reduce two-hour OGTT glucose AUC versus placebo at the planned metabolite-peak time; insulin and C-peptide excursions were also comparable.

    Rebaudioside A → Human OGTT glucose AUC after rebaudioside A source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized open-label crossover; OGTT 19 hours after dosing.
    limitations
    Different molecule and test timing from the stevioside meal trial; not an automatic contradiction.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    Measurable circulating metabolites did not guarantee a glucose-lowering response.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rebaudioside A in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057030/ · DOI 10.1007/s13318-022-00792-7

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 370–376

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized open-label crossover; OGTT 19 hours after dosing. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-reba-ogtt-null Measurable circulating metabolites did not guarantee a glucose-lowering response. In 30 adults with type 2 diabetes, 3 g oral rebaudioside A did not reduce two-hour OGTT glucose AUC versus placebo at the planned metabolite-peak time; insulin and C-peptide excursions were also comparable. Model: Randomized open-label crossover; OGTT 19 hours after dosing. Limitations: Different molecule and test timing from the stevioside meal trial; not an automatic contradiction. Evidence access: Primary abstract Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rebaudioside A in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057030/ · DOI 10.1007/s13318-022-00792-7
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. UGT1A3 contributed alongside UGT2B7 to steviol glucuronidation at high substrate concentration.

    Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 / UGT1A3 → Steviol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human enzyme screening and microsomal kinetics.
    limitations
    High versus low assay concentration must not be converted into an unmeasured dietary threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    The participating enzyme mix changes with substrate concentration.
    primary_references
    Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 58–64

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human enzyme screening and microsomal kinetics. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-ugt1a3 The participating enzyme mix changes with substrate concentration. UGT1A3 contributed alongside UGT2B7 to steviol glucuronidation at high substrate concentration. Model: Recombinant human enzyme screening and microsomal kinetics. Limitations: High versus low assay concentration must not be converted into an unmeasured dietary threshold. Evidence access: Primary abstract Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Recombinant enzyme and microsomal assays identified UGT2B7 as the main contributor to steviol glucuronidation at low substrate concentration.

    Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 / UGT2B7 → Steviol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human and rat microsomes with recombinant human UGT assays.
    limitations
    Organ-specific clearance differed; in vitro enzyme contribution is not a measured whole-body clearance fraction.
    nutrient_topic
    Stevia collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Stevia
    plain_language
    A liver clearance enzyme changes the circulating chemical form.
    primary_references
    Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028

    Stevia: glycoside metabolism, taste, ion channels and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 50–56

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat microsomes with recombinant human UGT assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## stevia-ugt2b7 A liver clearance enzyme changes the circulating chemical form. Recombinant enzyme and microsomal assays identified UGT2B7 as the main contributor to steviol glucuronidation at low substrate concentration. Model: Human and rat microsomes with recombinant human UGT assays. Limitations: Organ-specific clearance differed; in vitro enzyme contribution is not a measured whole-body clearance fraction. Evidence access: Primary abstract Steviol glucuronidation and its potential interaction with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 substrates. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296138/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.028
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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