Component
Potassium iodide
Potassium salt used to administer iodide; study doses are iodine mass, not whole-salt mass, where stated.
35 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
The same human KI exposure increased iodide in upper-airway secretions.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Culture antiviral activity and human secretion measurements do not establish prevention or treatment of human infection.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Iodide reached airway secretions, beyond the thyroid.
- primary_references
- Enhancement of respiratory mucosal antiviral defenses by the oxidation of iodide. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21441383/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0329oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 64–70
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-air-secretions Iodide reached airway secretions, beyond the thyroid. The same human KI exposure increased iodide in upper-airway secretions. Model: Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms. Limitations: Culture antiviral activity and human secretion measurements do not establish prevention or treatment of human infection. Evidence location: Primary abstract Enhancement of respiratory mucosal antiviral defenses by the oxidation of iodide. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21441383/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0329oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceA single 130 mg oral KI exposure increased serum iodide in human volunteers.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Culture antiviral activity and human secretion measurements do not establish prevention or treatment of human infection.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Oral KI raised circulating iodide.
- primary_references
- Enhancement of respiratory mucosal antiviral defenses by the oxidation of iodide. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21441383/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0329oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 56–62
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-air-serum Oral KI raised circulating iodide. A single 130 mg oral KI exposure increased serum iodide in human volunteers. Model: Primary airway epithelial cultures and human oral-KI exposure; separate experimental arms. Limitations: Culture antiviral activity and human secretion measurements do not establish prevention or treatment of human infection. Evidence location: Primary abstract Enhancement of respiratory mucosal antiviral defenses by the oxidation of iodide. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21441383/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0329oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI at +24 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 2.8% in the timing comparison.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection.
- primary_references
- Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 376–382
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-block-24h The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection. KI at +24 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 2.8% in the timing comparison. Model: 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. Limitations: Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions. Evidence location: Primary abstract Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI at +2 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 59.7% in the timing comparison.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection.
- primary_references
- Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 360–366
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-block-2h The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection. KI at +2 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 59.7% in the timing comparison. Model: 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. Limitations: Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions. Evidence location: Primary abstract Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI at +8 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 25.4% in the timing comparison.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection.
- primary_references
- Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 368–374
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-block-8h The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection. KI at +8 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 25.4% in the timing comparison. Model: 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. Limitations: Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions. Evidence location: Primary abstract Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI at −24 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 88.7% in the timing comparison.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection.
- primary_references
- Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 352–358
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-block-before The timing of iodide delivery changed thyroid protection. KI at −24 hours produced mean thyroid radiation-dose reduction of 88.7% in the timing comparison. Model: 27 healthy adults, 48 paired kinetic assessments; 100 mg KI at specified times relative to radioiodine. Limitations: Tracer/dosimetry study, not cancer outcomes; timings are experimental, not personal instructions. Evidence location: Primary abstract Facing the nuclear threat: thyroid blocking revisited. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21865356/ · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1539
Complete structured claim and evidenceAfter KI 15 mg/kg/day for three days, peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis decreased in 15 healthy subjects.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Human exposure; modified Boyden-chamber assay.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Small mechanistic study; disease benefit was proposed rather than demonstrated.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- KI changed how neutrophils moved toward a signal.
- primary_references
- Potassium iodide inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1972841/
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 280–286
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human exposure; modified Boyden-chamber assay. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-chemotaxis KI changed how neutrophils moved toward a signal. After KI 15 mg/kg/day for three days, peripheral neutrophil chemotaxis decreased in 15 healthy subjects. Model: Human exposure; modified Boyden-chamber assay. Limitations: Small mechanistic study; disease benefit was proposed rather than demonstrated. Evidence location: Primary abstract Potassium iodide inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis. · 1990 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1972841/
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe label proposes increased respiratory secretions as the basis of KI expectorant action.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Manufacturer hypothesis; DailyMed listing is not evidence of FDA approval or modern trial validation.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- An expectorant mechanism is proposed, but its molecular target is unresolved.
- primary_references
- SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 464–470
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-expectorant An expectorant mechanism is proposed, but its molecular target is unresolved. The label proposes increased respiratory secretions as the basis of KI expectorant action. Model: 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. Limitations: Manufacturer hypothesis; DailyMed listing is not evidence of FDA approval or modern trial validation. Evidence location: Primary abstract SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe SSKI label warns of hyperkalemia with potassium-containing drugs, potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Label warning, not a quantified primary interaction trial; applicability depends on exposure and patient context.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The potassium component matters when potassium excretion is impaired.
- primary_references
- SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 448–454
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-hyperkalemia The potassium component matters when potassium excretion is impaired. The SSKI label warns of hyperkalemia with potassium-containing drugs, potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors. Model: 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. Limitations: Label warning, not a quantified primary interaction trial; applicability depends on exposure and patient context. Evidence location: Primary abstract SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Complete structured claim and evidenceA formula unit of potassium iodide supplies one iodide ion on dissolution.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Chemical identity, not an efficacy experiment.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- KI supplies iodide, which follows the existing iodine pathways.
- primary_references
- NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 32–38
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-iodide KI supplies iodide, which follows the existing iodine pathways. A formula unit of potassium iodide supplies one iodide ion on dissolution. Model: Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. Limitations: Chemical identity, not an efficacy experiment. Evidence location: Primary abstract NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
Complete structured claim and evidencePulmonary IL-8 and RSV antigen expression were lower in KI-treated newborn lambs.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Inflammatory and viral markers fell in the animal study.
- primary_references
- Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 112–118
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-lamb-il8 Inflammatory and viral markers fell in the animal study. Pulmonary IL-8 and RSV antigen expression were lower in KI-treated newborn lambs. Model: Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. Limitations: Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism. Evidence location: Primary abstract Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI raised lamb airway-surface-liquid iodide about tenfold, to approximately thirtyfold the serum concentration.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Airway secretions concentrated iodide after oral KI.
- primary_references
- Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 96–102
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-lamb-iodide Airway secretions concentrated iodide after oral KI. KI raised lamb airway-surface-liquid iodide about tenfold, to approximately thirtyfold the serum concentration. Model: Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. Limitations: Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism. Evidence location: Primary abstract Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI-treated newborn lambs had less gross lung injury and expiratory effort than untreated RSV-infected controls.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The treated lambs had less severe respiratory disease.
- primary_references
- Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 104–110
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-lamb-lesions The treated lambs had less severe respiratory disease. KI-treated newborn lambs had less gross lung injury and expiratory effort than untreated RSV-infected controls. Model: Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. Limitations: Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism. Evidence location: Primary abstract Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceIn three-week-old lambs KI was associated with lower bronchoalveolar-lavage RSV titres and antigen expression.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The older-lamb experiment also showed lower viral measures.
- primary_references
- Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 128–134
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-lamb-older The older-lamb experiment also showed lower viral measures. In three-week-old lambs KI was associated with lower bronchoalveolar-lavage RSV titres and antigen expression. Model: Newborn and three-week-old lamb RSV experiments; oral KI given by intragastric gavage. Limitations: Animal disease model; no human antiviral efficacy established. LPO inhibition supports pathway involvement, not an exclusively LPO mechanism. Evidence location: Primary abstract Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24053146/ · DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529oc
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe label warns that lithium or antithyroid drugs can add to hypothyroid and goitrogenic effects.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Label warning, not a quantified primary interaction trial; applicability depends on exposure and patient context.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Different drugs can converge on reduced thyroid function.
- primary_references
- SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 456–462
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-lithium Different drugs can converge on reduced thyroid function. The label warns that lithium or antithyroid drugs can add to hypothyroid and goitrogenic effects. Model: 2025 SSKI manufacturer label; 1 g KI/mL formulation. Limitations: Label warning, not a quantified primary interaction trial; applicability depends on exposure and patient context. Evidence location: Primary abstract SSKI product label, July 2025 · manufacturer label; DailyMed lists UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER; not a trial or FDA approval · https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ca1d3449-ea29-49a4-8863-365ec95f1553
Complete structured claim and evidenceCalculated from formula masses, KI is about 76.45% iodine and 23.55% potassium by mass; 130 mg KI contains about 99.4 mg iodine and 30.6 mg potassium.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Stoichiometric calculation using K 39.0983 and I 126.9045 g/mol; not a dose recommendation.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Milligrams of KI are not milligrams of iodine.
- primary_references
- NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 48–54
AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-mass Milligrams of KI are not milligrams of iodine. Calculated from formula masses, KI is about 76.45% iodine and 23.55% potassium by mass; 130 mg KI contains about 99.4 mg iodine and 30.6 mg potassium. Model: Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. Limitations: Stoichiometric calculation using K 39.0983 and I 126.9045 g/mol; not a dose recommendation. Evidence location: Primary abstract NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
Complete structured claim and evidenceWith MMI 15 mg, two-week FT4 normalization was 54% with KI versus 27% without it.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The lower-methimazole comparison also showed faster control.
- primary_references
- Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-mmi15 The lower-methimazole comparison also showed faster control. With MMI 15 mg, two-week FT4 normalization was 54% with KI versus 27% without it. Model: 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. Limitations: Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission. Evidence location: Primary abstract Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceAt two weeks, FT4 normalized in 59% with MMI 30 mg plus KI versus 29% with MMI alone.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- KI accelerated early control alongside methimazole.
- primary_references
- Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-mmi30 KI accelerated early control alongside methimazole. At two weeks, FT4 normalized in 59% with MMI 30 mg plus KI versus 29% with MMI alone. Model: 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. Limitations: Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission. Evidence location: Primary abstract Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceIlluminated Rose bengal plus KI generated free iodine detected with starch.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Illumination converted iodide into reactive iodine.
- primary_references
- Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pdt-iodine Illumination converted iodide into reactive iodine. Illuminated Rose bengal plus KI generated free iodine detected with starch. Model: Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. Limitations: Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established. Evidence location: Full-text mechanistic results, Figure 4A Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI increased light/Rose-bengal killing by up to six logs in the tested bacterial and Candida systems.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- KI amplified an externally activated antimicrobial reaction.
- primary_references
- Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pdt-killing KI amplified an externally activated antimicrobial reaction. KI increased light/Rose-bengal killing by up to six logs in the tested bacterial and Candida systems. Model: Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. Limitations: Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established. Evidence location: Primary abstract Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI potentiated Rose-bengal photodynamic treatment in Pseudomonas-infected mouse skin abrasions.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The combination was also tested in a local animal infection.
- primary_references
- Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pdt-mouse The combination was also tested in a local animal infection. KI potentiated Rose-bengal photodynamic treatment in Pseudomonas-infected mouse skin abrasions. Model: Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. Limitations: Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established. Evidence location: Primary abstract Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe illuminated mixture generated peroxide measured by Amplex Red.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- This reaction produced peroxide rather than universally removing it.
- primary_references
- Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pdt-peroxide This reaction produced peroxide rather than universally removing it. The illuminated mixture generated peroxide measured by Amplex Red. Model: Rose bengal plus 540-nm light; up to 100 mM KI; microbial assays and a mouse skin-abrasion model. Limitations: Local photochemical system, not an effect of oral KI alone. Peroxyiodide intermediates were proposed, not directly established. Evidence location: Full-text Figure 4B Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438946/ · DOI 10.1128/aac.00467-17
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI suppressed measured PMN hydroxyl-radical generation.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- A second oxidant readout also fell.
- primary_references
- Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pmn-hydroxyl A second oxidant readout also fell. KI suppressed measured PMN hydroxyl-radical generation. Model: In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. Limitations: Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action. Evidence location: Primary abstract Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI suppressed the measured PMN-derived hydrogen-peroxide signal.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- KI lowered a peroxide assay readout in immune cells.
- primary_references
- Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pmn-peroxide KI lowered a peroxide assay readout in immune cells. KI suppressed the measured PMN-derived hydrogen-peroxide signal. Model: In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. Limitations: Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action. Evidence location: Primary abstract Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceKI did not suppress superoxide generation in the same study.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The effect did not extend to every oxidant.
- primary_references
- Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-pmn-superoxide-null The effect did not extend to every oxidant. KI did not suppress superoxide generation in the same study. Model: In-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocytes; tested drug concentrations reported as 10 micromolar–millimolar. Limitations: Assay effects do not identify a unique molecular target or establish universal antioxidant action. Evidence location: Primary abstract Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates. · 1982 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7104217/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00340.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceA formula unit of potassium iodide supplies one potassium ion on dissolution.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Equimolar ions have different masses and physiological handling.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The potassium and iodide become separate ions.
- primary_references
- NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-potassium The potassium and iodide become separate ions. A formula unit of potassium iodide supplies one potassium ion on dissolution. Model: Chemical formula KI; molar mass 166.0028 g/mol. Limitations: Equimolar ions have different masses and physiological handling. Evidence location: Primary abstract NIST Chemistry WebBook: potassium iodide · chemical reference · https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7681110
Complete structured claim and evidenceFDA guidance limits KI protection to thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine; it does not protect other organs or against other radioactive materials.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Regulatory guidance on radiation emergencies.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Use during an emergency follows public-health direction; not a general supplementation indication.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Thyroid blocking is a specific effect, not general radiation protection.
- primary_references
- FDA: Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide · regulatory guidance · https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/frequently-asked-questions-potassium-iodide-ki
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Regulatory guidance on radiation emergencies. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-radiation-scope Thyroid blocking is a specific effect, not general radiation protection. FDA guidance limits KI protection to thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine; it does not protect other organs or against other radioactive materials. Model: Regulatory guidance on radiation emergencies. Limitations: Use during an emergency follows public-health direction; not a general supplementation indication. Evidence location: Primary abstract FDA: Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide · regulatory guidance · https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/frequently-asked-questions-potassium-iodide-ki
Complete structured claim and evidenceRemission differences between the four regimens were not statistically significant at four to five years.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Early hormone improvement did not establish a remission advantage.
- primary_references
- Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-remission-null Early hormone improvement did not establish a remission advantage. Remission differences between the four regimens were not statistically significant at four to five years. Model: 134 untreated Graves patients randomized to MMI 15 or 30 mg, with or without KI; KI withdrawn after FT4 normalization. Limitations: Combination treatment, not KI monotherapy; KI dose not extracted from abstract. Faster biochemical control does not prove lasting remission. Evidence location: Primary abstract Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease. · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912243/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03745.x
Complete structured claim and evidenceMild adverse effects occurred in 61% versus 42% (P=0.17); three patients stopped treatment because of adverse effects.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Same 57-patient schedule comparison; no relapse during 45-day follow-up.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Not a long-term safety estimate or evidence about invasive sporotrichosis.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The clinical benefit records retain the tolerability findings.
- primary_references
- Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. · 1996 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866807/ · DOI 10.1097/00006454-199604000-00014
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same 57-patient schedule comparison; no relapse during 45-day follow-up. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-sporo-adverse The clinical benefit records retain the tolerability findings. Mild adverse effects occurred in 61% versus 42% (P=0.17); three patients stopped treatment because of adverse effects. Model: Same 57-patient schedule comparison; no relapse during 45-day follow-up. Limitations: Not a long-term safety estimate or evidence about invasive sporotrichosis. Evidence location: Primary abstract Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. · 1996 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866807/ · DOI 10.1097/00006454-199604000-00014
Complete structured claim and evidenceIn 57 randomized patients, cure was 89.6% with once-daily versus 89.2% with three-times-daily SSKI.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Culture-confirmed cutaneous sporotrichosis; open-label schedule comparison.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Both groups received SSKI; no untreated comparator and no mechanism isolated.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- Clinical use against a skin fungal infection extends beyond the thyroid.
- primary_references
- Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. · 1996 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866807/ · DOI 10.1097/00006454-199604000-00014
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Culture-confirmed cutaneous sporotrichosis; open-label schedule comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-sporo-cure Clinical use against a skin fungal infection extends beyond the thyroid. In 57 randomized patients, cure was 89.6% with once-daily versus 89.2% with three-times-daily SSKI. Model: Culture-confirmed cutaneous sporotrichosis; open-label schedule comparison. Limitations: Both groups received SSKI; no untreated comparator and no mechanism isolated. Evidence location: Primary abstract Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with one daily dose of potassium iodide. · 1996 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866807/ · DOI 10.1097/00006454-199604000-00014
Complete structured claim and evidencePreoperative SSKI reduced mean estimated blood loss from 162 to 62 mL; adjusted comparison P=0.036.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Randomized SSKI versus no-SSKI Graves thyroidectomy trial.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- Study-specific effect; operative-time reduction was not significant.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- One randomized surgical trial found less bleeding.
- primary_references
- Randomized trial of a short course of preoperative potassium iodide in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27769543/ · DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.07.015
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized SSKI versus no-SSKI Graves thyroidectomy trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-surgery-blood One randomized surgical trial found less bleeding. Preoperative SSKI reduced mean estimated blood loss from 162 to 62 mL; adjusted comparison P=0.036. Model: Randomized SSKI versus no-SSKI Graves thyroidectomy trial. Limitations: Study-specific effect; operative-time reduction was not significant. Evidence location: Primary abstract Randomized trial of a short course of preoperative potassium iodide in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27769543/ · DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.07.015
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe adjusted 9.2% operating-time reduction with SSKI was not significant (P=0.464).
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Randomized Graves thyroidectomy trial.
- exposure_category
- Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
- limitations
- No proof that gland vascularity mediated the blood-loss result.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
- plain_language
- The same trial did not establish shorter surgery.
- primary_references
- Randomized trial of a short course of preoperative potassium iodide in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27769543/ · DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.07.015
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AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized Graves thyroidectomy trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## ki-surgery-time The same trial did not establish shorter surgery. The adjusted 9.2% operating-time reduction with SSKI was not significant (P=0.464). Model: Randomized Graves thyroidectomy trial. Limitations: No proof that gland vascularity mediated the blood-loss result. Evidence location: Primary abstract Randomized trial of a short course of preoperative potassium iodide in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. · 2017 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27769543/ · DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.07.015
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe BRIEF-P global executive score averaged 90.6 versus 91.5; reported difference −0.9 (95% CI −6.8 to 5.0), P=0.74.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863.
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6
- exposure
- 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156.
- limitations
- Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published.
- nutrient_topic
- Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Executive-function scores did not significantly differ between the trial groups.
- primary_references
- [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1398–1410
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### iod-clin-pregnancy-executive The BRIEF-P global executive score averaged 90.6 versus 91.5; reported difference −0.9 (95% CI −6.8 to 5.0), P=0.74. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Executive-function scores did not significantly differ between the trial groups. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 limitations: Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published. exposure: 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863. [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
Complete structured claim and evidencePerformance IQ averaged 97.5 versus 99.1; reported iodine-minus-placebo difference −1.6 (95% CI −4.5 to 1.3), P=0.44.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863.
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6
- exposure
- 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156.
- limitations
- Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published.
- nutrient_topic
- Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- The performance-IQ endpoint also showed no significant improvement.
- primary_references
- [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1384–1396
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### iod-clin-pregnancy-performance Performance IQ averaged 97.5 versus 99.1; reported iodine-minus-placebo difference −1.6 (95% CI −4.5 to 1.3), P=0.44. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The performance-IQ endpoint also showed no significant improvement. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 limitations: Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published. exposure: 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863. [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
Complete structured claim and evidenceVerbal IQ at 5–6 years averaged 89.5 versus 90.2 with maternal iodine versus placebo; reported difference −0.7 (95% CI −2.9 to 1.5), P=0.77.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- false
- evidence_location
- Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863.
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6
- exposure
- 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156.
- limitations
- Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published.
- nutrient_topic
- Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Starting iodine during this mildly deficient pregnancy trial did not significantly improve verbal IQ.
- primary_references
- [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1370–1382
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### iod-clin-pregnancy-verbal Verbal IQ at 5–6 years averaged 89.5 versus 90.2 with maternal iodine versus placebo; reported difference −0.7 (95% CI −2.9 to 1.5), P=0.77. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Starting iodine during this mildly deficient pregnancy trial did not significantly improve verbal IQ. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled maternal trial in Bangkok and Bangalore; 832 women randomized, 313 children assessed for IQ and 315 for executive function at age 5–6 limitations: Mild group-level deficiency with site differences: Thailand deficient and India at low adequacy. Substantial attrition was balanced between groups; measured baseline characteristics were similar in those followed and lost. This does not test preconception treatment or severe deficiency. Reported differences, CIs and mixed-model P values are retained as published. exposure: 200 micrograms iodine/day as potassium iodide until delivery; mean enrollment 10.7 weeks gestation; baseline median urinary iodine 131 micrograms/L; IQ iodine 159/placebo 154, executive function 159/156. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods; Table2 and Fig2; Discussion, pp.853–863. [iod-clin-gow2017] Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030199/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30332-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.