Component

8-Gingerol

Experimental species, exposure and limitations are retained on each claim.

12 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. 8-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation.

    8-Gingerol → Human 5-HT3 receptor preparation in HEK293 membranes source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Gingerols with tritiated GR65630; exact concentration range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Equilibrium assay; duration not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations
    limitations
    Failure to displace this radioligand supports a distinct mechanism but does not locate an allosteric site.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations
    plain_language
    8-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    In vitro competition binding
    tissue
    Receptor preparation

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 96–105

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-5ht3-binding-null 8-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation. Model/species: Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations Tissue: Receptor preparation Exposure: Gingerols with tritiated GR65630; exact concentration range not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro competition binding Duration: Equilibrium assay; duration not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Failure to displace this radioligand supports a distinct mechanism but does not locate an allosteric site. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. 8-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells.

    8-Gingerol → Mouse 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Concentration-dependent gingerol application; exact range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells
    limitations
    Cation flux is a functional assay, not a demonstrated orthosteric binding site or clinical antiemetic response.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells
    plain_language
    8-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    In vitro addition
    tissue
    Native 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 85–94

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-5ht3-flux 8-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells. Model/species: Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells Tissue: Native 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex Exposure: Concentration-dependent gingerol application; exact range not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Cation flux is a functional assay, not a demonstrated orthosteric binding site or clinical antiemetic response. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. 8-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum.

    8-Gingerol → 5-HT3-agonist-induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Gingerols with selective 5-HT3 agonist SR57227A; exact range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Isolated guinea-pig ileum
    limitations
    Muscarinic and substance-P-dependent downstream effects may contribute; no human antiemetic efficacy is measured.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Isolated guinea-pig ileum
    plain_language
    8-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    Ex vivo addition
    tissue
    Intestinal smooth muscle preparation

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 107–116

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated guinea-pig ileum · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-ileum 8-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Model/species: Isolated guinea-pig ileum Tissue: Intestinal smooth muscle preparation Exposure: Gingerols with selective 5-HT3 agonist SR57227A; exact range not in accessed abstract Route: Ex vivo addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Muscarinic and substance-P-dependent downstream effects may contribute; no human antiemetic efficacy is measured. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Co-applying 8-gingerol enhanced isoproterenol-induced relaxation of isolated human airway smooth muscle.

    8-Gingerol → Isoproterenol-induced relaxation of human airway smooth muscle source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    6- or 8-gingerol 100 micromolar with isoproterenol concentration-response
    duration
    Acute relaxation assay; exact duration not in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human airway smooth muscle tissue in organ baths
    limitations
    High experimental parent-compound exposure; not clinical inhaler potentiation or a recommended co-treatment.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human airway smooth muscle tissue in organ baths
    plain_language
    Co-applying 8-gingerol enhanced isoproterenol-induced relaxation of isolated human airway smooth muscle.
    primary_references
    Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC
    route
    Ex vivo tissue bath
    tissue
    Airway smooth muscle

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 206–215

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human airway smooth muscle tissue in organ baths · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-isoproterenol Co-applying 8-gingerol enhanced isoproterenol-induced relaxation of isolated human airway smooth muscle. Model/species: Human airway smooth muscle tissue in organ baths Tissue: Airway smooth muscle Exposure: 6- or 8-gingerol 100 micromolar with isoproterenol concentration-response Route: Ex vivo tissue bath Duration: Acute relaxation assay; exact duration not in accessed abstract Limits: High experimental parent-compound exposure; not clinical inhaler potentiation or a recommended co-treatment. Primary reference: Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Adding 8-gingerol reduced myosin light-chain phosphorylation in human airway smooth muscle cells.

    8-Gingerol → Myosin light-chain phosphorylation in human airway smooth muscle cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    8-Gingerol; study tissue exposure 100 micromolar, cell-assay details not resolved in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Primary human airway smooth muscle cells
    limitations
    Reduced phosphorylation does not establish direct binding to myosin or a clinical bronchodilator response.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Primary human airway smooth muscle cells
    plain_language
    Adding 8-gingerol reduced myosin light-chain phosphorylation in human airway smooth muscle cells.
    primary_references
    Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC
    route
    In vitro addition
    tissue
    Cultured airway smooth muscle

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 250–259

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human airway smooth muscle cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-mlc Adding 8-gingerol reduced myosin light-chain phosphorylation in human airway smooth muscle cells. Model/species: Primary human airway smooth muscle cells Tissue: Cultured airway smooth muscle Exposure: 8-Gingerol; study tissue exposure 100 micromolar, cell-assay details not resolved in accessed abstract Route: In vitro addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Reduced phosphorylation does not establish direct binding to myosin or a clinical bronchodilator response. Primary reference: Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Adding 8-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils.

    8-Gingerol → NET formation by human neutrophils source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual gingerols 10 micromolar with RNP/anti-RNP immune complexes 10 micrograms/mL
    duration
    3 h
    evidence_access
    Primary open full text, results, figure legends and methods, plus PubMed metadata.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors
    limitations
    Selected disease-relevant stimulus in isolated cells; not established treatment of lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors
    plain_language
    Adding 8-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils.
    primary_references
    Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373329/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385
    route
    Ex vivo co-incubation
    tissue
    Human neutrophils

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 426–435

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-netosis Adding 8-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils. Model/species: Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors Tissue: Human neutrophils Exposure: Individual gingerols 10 micromolar with RNP/anti-RNP immune complexes 10 micrograms/mL Route: Ex vivo co-incubation Duration: 3 h Limits: Selected disease-relevant stimulus in isolated cells; not established treatment of lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome. Primary reference: Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373329/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385 Access: Primary open full text, results, figure legends and methods, plus PubMed metadata.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. 8-Gingerol inhibited the purified PDE4D preparation in the airway-mechanism study.

    8-Gingerol → Purified PDE4D preparation in the Townsend airway study source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Ginger constituent enzyme assay; study used 100 micromolar in tissue experiments, enzyme-assay exposure details not resolved here
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations
    limitations
    Preparation species and PLC beta isoform are unresolved; do not label these as a proven specific human tissue target.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations
    plain_language
    8-Gingerol inhibited the purified PDE4D preparation in the airway-mechanism study.
    primary_references
    Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC
    route
    In vitro addition
    tissue
    Cell-free enzyme assays

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 217–226

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-pde4d 8-Gingerol inhibited the purified PDE4D preparation in the airway-mechanism study. Model/species: Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations Tissue: Cell-free enzyme assays Exposure: Ginger constituent enzyme assay; study used 100 micromolar in tissue experiments, enzyme-assay exposure details not resolved here Route: In vitro addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Preparation species and PLC beta isoform are unresolved; do not label these as a proven specific human tissue target. Primary reference: Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. 8-Gingerol inhibited the purified phospholipase C beta preparation.

    8-Gingerol → Purified phospholipase C beta preparation in the Townsend study source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Ginger constituent enzyme assay; study used 100 micromolar in tissue experiments, enzyme-assay exposure details not resolved here
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations
    limitations
    Preparation species and PLC beta isoform are unresolved; do not label these as a proven specific human tissue target.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations
    plain_language
    8-Gingerol inhibited the purified phospholipase C beta preparation.
    primary_references
    Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC
    route
    In vitro addition
    tissue
    Cell-free enzyme assays

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 228–237

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-plcb 8-Gingerol inhibited the purified phospholipase C beta preparation. Model/species: Purified PDE4D and PLC beta enzyme preparations Tissue: Cell-free enzyme assays Exposure: Ginger constituent enzyme assay; study used 100 micromolar in tissue experiments, enzyme-assay exposure details not resolved here Route: In vitro addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Preparation species and PLC beta isoform are unresolved; do not label these as a proven specific human tissue target. Primary reference: Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962082/ DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133OC Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.

    8-Gingerol → 8-Gingerol 5-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    limitations
    UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    plain_language
    Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.
    primary_references
    Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351
    route
    In vitro incubation
    tissue
    Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 316–325

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-ugt1a9 Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison. Model/species: Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes Tissue: Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations Exposure: Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro incubation Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people. Primary reference: Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.

    8-Gingerol → 8-Gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    limitations
    UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    plain_language
    Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.
    primary_references
    Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351
    route
    In vitro incubation
    tissue
    Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 305–314

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-ugt2b7 Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 8-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison. Model/species: Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes Tissue: Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations Exposure: Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro incubation Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people. Primary reference: Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The sensitive 2011 assay did not detect free 8-gingerol in plasma after the 2 g ginger dose.

    Ginger extract in the 2011 human pharmacokinetic study → Unconjugated 8-gingerol in human plasma source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Ginger extract 2 g; LC-MS/MS lower quantification limit 2-5 ng/mL
    duration
    Sampling 0.25-24 h for parent analytes
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers
    limitations
    Food/product and analytical sensitivity differ from the 2008 study. Non-detection is not proof of zero absorption.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers
    plain_language
    The sensitive 2011 assay did not detect free 8-gingerol in plasma after the 2 g ginger dose.
    primary_references
    Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21638149/ DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9286-5
    route
    Oral mixed ginger extract
    tissue
    Plasma

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 393–402

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-human-free-null The sensitive 2011 assay did not detect free 8-gingerol in plasma after the 2 g ginger dose. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers Tissue: Plasma Exposure: Ginger extract 2 g; LC-MS/MS lower quantification limit 2-5 ng/mL Route: Oral mixed ginger extract Duration: Sampling 0.25-24 h for parent analytes Limits: Food/product and analytical sensitivity differ from the 2008 study. Non-detection is not proof of zero absorption. Primary reference: Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21638149/ DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9286-5 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. After oral ginger, plasma 8-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 8-gingerol was not detected in this study.

    Ginger preparation in the 2008 human pharmacokinetic study → 8-Gingerol plasma glucuronides, attachment position unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Single ginger-product dose 100 mg to 2 g
    duration
    Blood sampling 15 min to 72 h
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    27 healthy human volunteers
    limitations
    Conjugates assessed after hydrolysis; measured total/conjugated exposure is not free parent concentration or tissue target engagement.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    27 healthy human volunteers
    plain_language
    After oral ginger, plasma 8-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 8-gingerol was not detected in this study.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708382/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2934
    route
    Oral mixed ginger product
    tissue
    Plasma

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 360–369

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-8-human-glucuronides After oral ginger, plasma 8-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 8-gingerol was not detected in this study. Model/species: 27 healthy human volunteers Tissue: Plasma Exposure: Single ginger-product dose 100 mg to 2 g Route: Oral mixed ginger product Duration: Blood sampling 15 min to 72 h Limits: Conjugates assessed after hydrolysis; measured total/conjugated exposure is not free parent concentration or tissue target engagement. Primary reference: Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708382/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2934 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards