Nutrient chapter

Hericenones and erinacines

A navigation family joining structurally distinct hericenones and erinacines from Hericium erinaceus. Family membership does not transfer one member's effect to another.

14 recorded mechanisms · 1 availability situations · 1 preserved sources. Draft and verified records are labeled separately.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

The mechanisms

What the sources say this nutrient does, one relationship at a time. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

  1. Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract increased NGF mRNA and secretion through JNK/c-Jun/c-Fos signaling in human 1321N1 cells.

    Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract used in the 2008 NGF study → NGF expression and secretion in human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Concentration series of ethanol extract
    duration
    Acute cell assay; 7 days in mice
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; 5% dry-mushroom-feed mouse arm
    limitations
    The active extract constituents were not identified, and transformed cells do not establish clinical neurotrophic effects.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; 5% dry-mushroom-feed mouse arm
    plain_language
    Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract increased NGF mRNA and secretion through JNK/c-Jun/c-Fos signaling in human 1321N1 cells.
    primary_references
    Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18758067/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1727
    route
    In vitro; oral food powder in mice
    tissue
    NGF expression, secretion and JNK signaling

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 11–20

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; 5% dry-mushroom-feed mouse arm · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-extract-ngf Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract increased NGF mRNA and secretion through JNK/c-Jun/c-Fos signaling in human 1321N1 cells. Model/species: Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; 5% dry-mushroom-feed mouse arm Tissue/system: NGF expression, secretion and JNK signaling Exposure: Concentration series of ethanol extract Route: In vitro; oral food powder in mice Duration: Acute cell assay; 7 days in mice Limits: The active extract constituents were not identified, and transformed cells do not establish clinical neurotrophic effects. Primary reference: Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18758067/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1727 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Purified hericenones C, D and E failed to promote NGF gene expression in the 1321N1 assay that responded to the whole extract.

    Hericenone C → NGF expression and secretion in human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Purified hericenones C, D and E
    duration
    Acute
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells
    limitations
    This source-specific null prevents assigning the extract's NGF induction to those three molecules; other assays may differ.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells
    plain_language
    Purified hericenones C, D and E failed to promote NGF gene expression in the 1321N1 assay that responded to the whole extract.
    primary_references
    Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18758067/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1727
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    NGF gene expression

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 22–31

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-hericenone-cde-null Purified hericenones C, D and E failed to promote NGF gene expression in the 1321N1 assay that responded to the whole extract. Model/species: Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells Tissue/system: NGF gene expression Exposure: Purified hericenones C, D and E Route: In vitro Duration: Acute Limits: This source-specific null prevents assigning the extract's NGF induction to those three molecules; other assays may differ. Primary reference: Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18758067/ DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1727 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. One microgram/mL aqueous Hericium extract combined with 10 ng/mL NGF produced the largest neurite-outgrowth response, while the extract did not protect against the oxidative-stress challenge.

    Hericium erinaceus aqueous extract used in the 2013 neurite study → NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in NG108-15 cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Aqueous extract 1 microgram/mL with NGF 10 ng/mL
    duration
    Cell differentiation interval
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells
    limitations
    A whole aqueous extract plus exogenous NGF is not evidence for a specific hericenone or erinacine, and the oxidative-stress result was null.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells
    plain_language
    One microgram/mL aqueous Hericium extract combined with 10 ng/mL NGF produced the largest neurite-outgrowth response, while the extract did not protect against the oxidative-stress challenge.
    primary_references
    Neurotrophic properties of the Lion's mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266378/ DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i6.30
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    Neurite outgrowth and oxidative-stress survival

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 33–42

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-extract-ngf-synergy One microgram/mL aqueous Hericium extract combined with 10 ng/mL NGF produced the largest neurite-outgrowth response, while the extract did not protect against the oxidative-stress challenge. Model/species: NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells Tissue/system: Neurite outgrowth and oxidative-stress survival Exposure: Aqueous extract 1 microgram/mL with NGF 10 ng/mL Route: In vitro Duration: Cell differentiation interval Limits: A whole aqueous extract plus exogenous NGF is not evidence for a specific hericenone or erinacine, and the oxidative-stress result was null. Primary reference: Neurotrophic properties of the Lion's mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266378/ DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i6.30 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. K252a partially blocked hericenone-E-associated neuritogenesis, while hericenone E increased NGF secretion and ERK/Akt phosphorylation.

    K252a Trk-family inhibitor → Hericenone E potentiation of NGF-induced PC12 neuritogenesis source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    dose
    Hericenone E with low NGF and K252a
    duration
    Differentiation assay
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells
    limitations
    Partial blockade suggests Trk involvement but not sole dependence; PC12 exposure does not establish human brain target engagement.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells
    plain_language
    K252a partially blocked hericenone-E-associated neuritogenesis, while hericenone E increased NGF secretion and ERK/Akt phosphorylation.
    primary_references
    Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. cultivated under tropical conditions: isolation of hericenones and demonstration of NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25288148/ DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00452c
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    NGF secretion, neurite outgrowth, ERK and Akt
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 44–53

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-hericenone-e-ngf K252a partially blocked hericenone-E-associated neuritogenesis, while hericenone E increased NGF secretion and ERK/Akt phosphorylation. Model/species: Rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells Tissue/system: NGF secretion, neurite outgrowth, ERK and Akt Exposure: Hericenone E with low NGF and K252a Route: In vitro Duration: Differentiation assay Limits: Partial blockade suggests Trk involvement but not sole dependence; PC12 exposure does not establish human brain target engagement. Primary reference: Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. cultivated under tropical conditions: isolation of hericenones and demonstration of NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25288148/ DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00452c Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Hericenone B inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in washed rabbit and human platelets but did not inhibit aggregation induced by U46619, ADP, thrombin, adrenaline, arachidonic acid or convulxin.

    Hericenone B → Collagen-induced human platelet aggregation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Purified hericenone B with multiple agonists
    duration
    Acute
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Washed rabbit and human platelets
    limitations
    The proposed integrin-alpha2/beta1-to-arachidonate step was not a human oral antithrombotic trial.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Washed rabbit and human platelets
    plain_language
    Hericenone B inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in washed rabbit and human platelets but did not inhibit aggregation induced by U46619, ADP, thrombin, adrenaline, arachidonic acid or convulxin.
    primary_references
    Inhibitory effect of hericenone B from Hericium erinaceus on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20637576/ DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.004
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    Agonist-specific platelet aggregation

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 55–64

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Washed rabbit and human platelets · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-hericenone-b-platelets Hericenone B inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in washed rabbit and human platelets but did not inhibit aggregation induced by U46619, ADP, thrombin, adrenaline, arachidonic acid or convulxin. Model/species: Washed rabbit and human platelets Tissue/system: Agonist-specific platelet aggregation Exposure: Purified hericenone B with multiple agonists Route: In vitro Duration: Acute Limits: The proposed integrin-alpha2/beta1-to-arachidonate step was not a human oral antithrombotic trial. Primary reference: Inhibitory effect of hericenone B from Hericium erinaceus on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20637576/ DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.004 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Lipase treatment removed the fatty-acid side chain of hericenone C to form deacylhericenone.

    Lipase enzyme preparation → Hericenone C source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Hericenone C with lipase
    duration
    Incubation interval specified in the primary article
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Cell-free digestion followed by structural analysis
    limitations
    The preparation models possible metabolism but does not establish the responsible human digestive enzyme or in-vivo conversion fraction.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Cell-free digestion followed by structural analysis
    plain_language
    Lipase treatment removed the fatty-acid side chain of hericenone C to form deacylhericenone.
    primary_references
    Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299024/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114549
    route
    In vitro enzymatic treatment
    tissue
    Hericenone C deacylation

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 66–75

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free digestion followed by structural analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-lipase-deacylation Lipase treatment removed the fatty-acid side chain of hericenone C to form deacylhericenone. Model/species: Cell-free digestion followed by structural analysis Tissue/system: Hericenone C deacylation Exposure: Hericenone C with lipase Route: In vitro enzymatic treatment Duration: Incubation interval specified in the primary article Limits: The preparation models possible metabolism but does not establish the responsible human digestive enzyme or in-vivo conversion fraction. Primary reference: Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299024/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114549 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Deacylhericenone produced greater BDNF mRNA expression and hydrogen-peroxide protection than parent hericenone C in 1321N1 cells.

    Deacylhericenone → BDNF expression and oxidative-stress protection in human 1321N1 cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Deacylhericenone versus hericenone C
    duration
    Acute
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells
    limitations
    The comparison does not establish human absorption, brain exposure, or clinical neuroprotection.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells
    plain_language
    Deacylhericenone produced greater BDNF mRNA expression and hydrogen-peroxide protection than parent hericenone C in 1321N1 cells.
    primary_references
    Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299024/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114549
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    BDNF mRNA and cell protection

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 77–86

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-deacylhericenone-activity Deacylhericenone produced greater BDNF mRNA expression and hydrogen-peroxide protection than parent hericenone C in 1321N1 cells. Model/species: Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells Tissue/system: BDNF mRNA and cell protection Exposure: Deacylhericenone versus hericenone C Route: In vitro Duration: Acute Limits: The comparison does not establish human absorption, brain exposure, or clinical neuroprotection. Primary reference: Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299024/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114549 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Erinacine C induced PC12 differentiation through TrkA and associated PLC-gamma, PI3K and ERK pathways.

    Erinacine C → TrkA-dependent PC12 differentiation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Erinacine C with genetic and pharmacological inhibitors
    duration
    Differentiation assay
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    PC12 cells and astrocytic reporter cells
    limitations
    The study supports pathway involvement but not direct binding, human exposure, or a clinical neuroregenerative effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    PC12 cells and astrocytic reporter cells
    plain_language
    Erinacine C induced PC12 differentiation through TrkA and associated PLC-gamma, PI3K and ERK pathways.
    primary_references
    Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066380/ DOI: 10.3390/biom10101440
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    Neurotrophin-dependent differentiation

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 88–97

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · PC12 cells and astrocytic reporter cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-c-trka Erinacine C induced PC12 differentiation through TrkA and associated PLC-gamma, PI3K and ERK pathways. Model/species: PC12 cells and astrocytic reporter cells Tissue/system: Neurotrophin-dependent differentiation Exposure: Erinacine C with genetic and pharmacological inhibitors Route: In vitro Duration: Differentiation assay Limits: The study supports pathway involvement but not direct binding, human exposure, or a clinical neuroregenerative effect. Primary reference: Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066380/ DOI: 10.3390/biom10101440 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  9. Erinacine C activated ETS-consensus transcription in parallel with, and independently of, neurotrophin induction in astrocytic reporter cells.

    Erinacine C → ETS-consensus transcription in astrocytic cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Erinacine C concentration series
    duration
    Acute reporter assay
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Astrocytic cells with transcriptional reporters
    limitations
    Consensus reporter activity does not identify a single ETS-family protein or a human neural outcome.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Astrocytic cells with transcriptional reporters
    plain_language
    Erinacine C activated ETS-consensus transcription in parallel with, and independently of, neurotrophin induction in astrocytic reporter cells.
    primary_references
    Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066380/ DOI: 10.3390/biom10101440
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    ETS consensus-site activity

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 99–108

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Astrocytic cells with transcriptional reporters · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-c-ets Erinacine C activated ETS-consensus transcription in parallel with, and independently of, neurotrophin induction in astrocytic reporter cells. Model/species: Astrocytic cells with transcriptional reporters Tissue/system: ETS consensus-site activity Exposure: Erinacine C concentration series Route: In vitro Duration: Acute reporter assay Limits: Consensus reporter activity does not identify a single ETS-family protein or a human neural outcome. Primary reference: Erinacine C Activates Transcription from a Consensus ETS DNA Binding Site in Astrocytic Cells in Addition to NGF Induction. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066380/ DOI: 10.3390/biom10101440 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  10. In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine A gave 24.39% estimated absolute bioavailability; erinacine A was detected in brain at 1 hour and peaked at 8 hours.

    Erinacine-A-containing Hericium mycelial extract → Erinacine A source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Oral extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine A; IV isolated erinacine A 5 mg/kg
    duration
    Up to the distribution/elimination interval
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Sprague-Dawley rats
    limitations
    Rat brain detection does not establish human blood-brain-barrier penetration; oral dosing used an extract.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Sprague-Dawley rats
    plain_language
    In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine A gave 24.39% estimated absolute bioavailability; erinacine A was detected in brain at 1 hour and peaked at 8 hours.
    primary_references
    Preclinical Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Protein Binding Studies of Erinacine A, a Bioactive Compound from Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Using Validated LC-MS/MS Method. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34361662/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154510
    route
    Oral and intravenous
    tissue
    LC-MS/MS bioavailability and tissue distribution

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 110–119

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sprague-Dawley rats · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-a-rat-pk In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine A gave 24.39% estimated absolute bioavailability; erinacine A was detected in brain at 1 hour and peaked at 8 hours. Model/species: Sprague-Dawley rats Tissue/system: LC-MS/MS bioavailability and tissue distribution Exposure: Oral extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine A; IV isolated erinacine A 5 mg/kg Route: Oral and intravenous Duration: Up to the distribution/elimination interval Limits: Rat brain detection does not establish human blood-brain-barrier penetration; oral dosing used an extract. Primary reference: Preclinical Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Protein Binding Studies of Erinacine A, a Bioactive Compound from Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Using Validated LC-MS/MS Method. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34361662/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154510 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  11. In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine S gave 15.13% estimated absolute bioavailability and distributed erinacine S to brain and multiple peripheral organs.

    Erinacine-S-containing Hericium mycelial extract → Erinacine S source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Oral extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine S; IV 5 mg/kg
    duration
    24-hour excretion and tissue sampling
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Sprague-Dawley rats
    limitations
    This is rat exposure from an extract; it does not establish a human neurological dose.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Sprague-Dawley rats
    plain_language
    In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine S gave 15.13% estimated absolute bioavailability and distributed erinacine S to brain and multiple peripheral organs.
    primary_references
    Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31022946/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081624
    route
    Oral and intravenous
    tissue
    LC-MS/MS bioavailability, distribution and excretion

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 121–130

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sprague-Dawley rats · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-s-rat-pk In rats, oral mycelial extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine S gave 15.13% estimated absolute bioavailability and distributed erinacine S to brain and multiple peripheral organs. Model/species: Sprague-Dawley rats Tissue/system: LC-MS/MS bioavailability, distribution and excretion Exposure: Oral extract equivalent to 50 mg/kg erinacine S; IV 5 mg/kg Route: Oral and intravenous Duration: 24-hour excretion and tissue sampling Limits: This is rat exposure from an extract; it does not establish a human neurological dose. Primary reference: Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31022946/ DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081624 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  12. Erinacine S increased neuronal neurosteroids and promoted neurite outgrowth and post-injury axon regeneration in primary rat neural models.

    Erinacine S → Neuronal neurosteroid accumulation and axon regeneration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Erinacine S with neurosteroidogenesis inhibitors
    duration
    Post-injury regeneration assays
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Primary rat peripheral and central nervous-system neurons
    limitations
    Cell-autonomous rat-neuron effects do not establish recovery after human neurological injury.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Primary rat peripheral and central nervous-system neurons
    plain_language
    Erinacine S increased neuronal neurosteroids and promoted neurite outgrowth and post-injury axon regeneration in primary rat neural models.
    primary_references
    Erinacine S from Hericium erinaceus mycelium promotes neuronal regeneration by inducing neurosteroids accumulation. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37224554/ DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3446
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    Neurosteroids, neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 132–141

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary rat peripheral and central nervous-system neurons · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-s-neurosteroids Erinacine S increased neuronal neurosteroids and promoted neurite outgrowth and post-injury axon regeneration in primary rat neural models. Model/species: Primary rat peripheral and central nervous-system neurons Tissue/system: Neurosteroids, neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration Exposure: Erinacine S with neurosteroidogenesis inhibitors Route: In vitro Duration: Post-injury regeneration assays Limits: Cell-autonomous rat-neuron effects do not establish recovery after human neurological injury. Primary reference: Erinacine S from Hericium erinaceus mycelium promotes neuronal regeneration by inducing neurosteroids accumulation. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37224554/ DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3446 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  13. Erinacine A preserved GLT-1 and related glutamate-clearance machinery after experimental ischemia; the GLT-1 inhibitor WAY-213613 reversed protection in mixed cultures.

    Erinacine A → Mouse astrocytic GLT-1/GLAST/Kir4.1 glutamate-clearance machinery source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Erinacine A; WAY-213613 inhibitor control
    duration
    Seven-day pre-treatment plus three-day post-treatment in vivo
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Mouse glia-neuron cultures and transient hypoxia-ischemia model
    limitations
    The mixed pre/post route and mouse injury model do not establish human stroke treatment.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Mouse glia-neuron cultures and transient hypoxia-ischemia model
    plain_language
    Erinacine A preserved GLT-1 and related glutamate-clearance machinery after experimental ischemia; the GLT-1 inhibitor WAY-213613 reversed protection in mixed cultures.
    primary_references
    Erinacine A attenuates glutamate transporter 1 downregulation and protects against ischemic brain injury. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35882273/ DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120833
    route
    In vitro and oral/intranasal mouse treatment
    tissue
    Glutamate transport, excitotoxicity and tissue injury

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 143–152

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse glia-neuron cultures and transient hypoxia-ischemia model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-erinacine-a-glt1 Erinacine A preserved GLT-1 and related glutamate-clearance machinery after experimental ischemia; the GLT-1 inhibitor WAY-213613 reversed protection in mixed cultures. Model/species: Mouse glia-neuron cultures and transient hypoxia-ischemia model Tissue/system: Glutamate transport, excitotoxicity and tissue injury Exposure: Erinacine A; WAY-213613 inhibitor control Route: In vitro and oral/intranasal mouse treatment Duration: Seven-day pre-treatment plus three-day post-treatment in vivo Limits: The mixed pre/post route and mouse injury model do not establish human stroke treatment. Primary reference: Erinacine A attenuates glutamate transporter 1 downregulation and protects against ischemic brain injury. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35882273/ DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120833 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  14. In a pilot 49-week double-blind trial, an erinacine-A-enriched mycelium product produced better selected cognitive and instrumental-activity outcomes than placebo; four participants stopped for gastrointestinal or skin symptoms.

    Erinacine-A-containing Hericium mycelial extract → Cognitive and functional scores in mild Alzheimer's disease source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Three 350 mg mycelium capsules/day containing 5 mg/g erinacine A
    duration
    49 weeks
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
    experimental_model
    Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
    limitations
    Small pilot product trial with industry affiliations; findings cannot be assigned to isolated erinacine A, hericenones, or all lion's-mane products.
    nutrient_topic
    Hericenones & Erinacines chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Hericenones and erinacines
    organism
    Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
    plain_language
    In a pilot 49-week double-blind trial, an erinacine-A-enriched mycelium product produced better selected cognitive and instrumental-activity outcomes than placebo; four participants stopped for gastrointestinal or skin symptoms.
    primary_references
    Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32581767/ DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00155
    route
    Oral multi-constituent product
    tissue
    CASI, MMSE, IADL, imaging and biomarkers

    Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 154–163

    Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## hericenones-erinacines-human-enriched-mycelium In a pilot 49-week double-blind trial, an erinacine-A-enriched mycelium product produced better selected cognitive and instrumental-activity outcomes than placebo; four participants stopped for gastrointestinal or skin symptoms. Model/species: Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease Tissue/system: CASI, MMSE, IADL, imaging and biomarkers Exposure: Three 350 mg mycelium capsules/day containing 5 mg/g erinacine A Route: Oral multi-constituent product Duration: 49 weeks Limits: Small pilot product trial with industry affiliations; findings cannot be assigned to isolated erinacine A, hericenones, or all lion's-mane products. Primary reference: Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32581767/ DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00155 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Availability and dependencies

Each situation shows the normal role first, then what the sources report under a specific condition. A shortfall in the diet, a fault in the machinery, and a low blood reading are kept separate because they are not the same thing.

Trk-family inhibition partly suppresses hericenone E neuritogenesis

Condition: machinery_impairment · The Trk-family inhibitor K252a is added.

Normal role: Hericenone E potentiates low-dose NGF-associated neurite outgrowth.

Recorded consequence: The neuritogenic response is partially blocked.

Scope: In-vitro pharmacological perturbation.

The sources

Every document behind this chapter is preserved word for word. Open one to read it in full with its recorded conflicts marked in place.

  • Hericenones & Erinacines: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20)Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · unverified_draftRead preserved source

Recorded disagreements

Where two sources say different things, both are kept and the difference is explained. You can discuss a disagreement or propose a mechanism that might account for it.

    Open questions in this collection

    Questions the curators could not answer from the sources in front of them, kept here with the reason each one is still open. These are gaps in this collection, not findings or proof that no one has studied them.

      Chapters are assembled from supplied drafts and curated literature summaries. Statements remain unverified against the primary studies, and the ledger is not medical advice.

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      Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards