Component

Retinoic acid receptor family

RAR family; not RXR and not a single specified RAR isoform. RAR alpha, beta and gamma; distinct from RXR family. RAR family when pharmacology does not resolve a single receptor isoform.

12 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. The 2006 study inferred that RAR signaling is required for fetal ovarian Stra8 induction after BMS-204493 suppressed its expression.

    Retinoic acid receptor family → Mouse Stra8 expression source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Pharmacologic model inference
    exposure
    E11.5 ovaries; 5 micromolar BMS-204493 for 2 days.
    limitations
    Disputed necessity inference; receptor repression differs from receptor deletion.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    An early drug experiment supported a requirement later challenged by genetics.
    primary_references
    [koubova2006] Retinoic acid regulates sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation in mice. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16461896/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510813103
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovary

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 187–198

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Pharmacologic model inference · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-rar-necessity-model The 2006 study inferred that RAR signaling is required for fetal ovarian Stra8 induction after BMS-204493 suppressed its expression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An early drug experiment supported a requirement later challenged by genetics. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovary experimental_model: Pharmacologic model inference limitations: Disputed necessity inference; receptor repression differs from receptor deletion. exposure: E11.5 ovaries; 5 micromolar BMS-204493 for 2 days. cross_nutrient: false [koubova2006] Retinoic acid regulates sex-specific timing of meiotic initiation in mice. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16461896/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510813103
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. RAR-null fetal ovaries grafted into adult females produced oocytes that contributed to offspring carrying the deleted alleles.

    Retinoic acid receptor family → Production of functional mouse oocytes source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Ovarian graft and breeding experiment
    exposure
    E17.5 mutant ovaries grafted into nude females; mating with wild-type males.
    limitations
    Recipient support bypassed mutant fetal lethality; not intact-knockout fertility.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The receptor-deficient ovarian grafts could produce functional eggs.
    primary_references
    [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovarian graft in adult recipient
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 317–328

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ovarian graft and breeding experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-rar-null-functional-oocytes RAR-null fetal ovaries grafted into adult females produced oocytes that contributed to offspring carrying the deleted alleles. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The receptor-deficient ovarian grafts could produce functional eggs. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovarian graft in adult recipient experimental_model: Ovarian graft and breeding experiment limitations: Recipient support bypassed mutant fetal lethality; not intact-knockout fertility. exposure: E17.5 mutant ovaries grafted into nude females; mating with wild-type males. cross_nutrient: false [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Fetal ovarian germ cells lacking all RARs expressed meiotic markers and reached zygotene, challenging an obligatory RAR trigger.

    Retinoic acid receptor family → Mouse fetal ovarian meiotic progression source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter
    exposure
    Tamoxifen induction at E9.5; meiosis assessed at E15.5.
    limitations
    Does not test dietary vitamin A deprivation or every possible RAR-independent action.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The tested fetal ovarian program progressed without the RA receptors.
    primary_references
    [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovary
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 304–315

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-rar-null-ovarian-meiosis Fetal ovarian germ cells lacking all RARs expressed meiotic markers and reached zygotene, challenging an obligatory RAR trigger. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested fetal ovarian program progressed without the RA receptors. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovary experimental_model: Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter limitations: Does not test dietary vitamin A deprivation or every possible RAR-independent action. exposure: Tamoxifen induction at E9.5; meiosis assessed at E15.5. cross_nutrient: false [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. 9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective.

    9-cis-retinoic acid → Retinoic acid receptor family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters.
    exposure
    Isomer competition
    limitations
    Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells
    plain_language
    An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways.
    primary_references
    [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nuclear extracts

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-9cis-rar-binding 9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways. organism: Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nuclear extracts experimental_model: Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. limitations: Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Isomer competition [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. All-trans RA bound the tested RAR alpha, beta and gamma preparations with high affinity.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Retinoic acid receptor family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters.
    exposure
    Radioligand competition
    limitations
    Binding affinity is not a dietary threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Recombinant receptors in African green monkey COS-1 cells
    plain_language
    The all-trans isomer directly engages RAR proteins.
    primary_references
    [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nuclear extracts

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-atra-rar-binding All-trans RA bound the tested RAR alpha, beta and gamma preparations with high affinity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The all-trans isomer directly engages RAR proteins. organism: Recombinant receptors in African green monkey COS-1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nuclear extracts experimental_model: Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. limitations: Binding affinity is not a dietary threshold. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Radioligand competition [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. An RXR-selective agonist alone failed to induce mucin transcripts but enhanced a suboptimal RAR agonist response.

    Retinoid X receptor family → Retinoic acid receptor family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cultures with receptor-selective agonists/antagonists.
    exposure
    Selective receptor agonists
    limitations
    No inference that 9-cis RA improves airway disease.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Both partners can cooperate, with RAR activation required in this assay.
    primary_references
    [va-koo-1999] Role of retinoid receptors in the regulation of mucin gene expression by retinoic acid in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10024510/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3380351
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Normal tracheobronchial epithelial cells

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1370–1381

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cultures with receptor-selective agonists/antagonists. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-rxr-airway-cooperation An RXR-selective agonist alone failed to induce mucin transcripts but enhanced a suboptimal RAR agonist response. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Both partners can cooperate, with RAR activation required in this assay. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Normal tracheobronchial epithelial cells experimental_model: Normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cultures with receptor-selective agonists/antagonists. limitations: No inference that 9-cis RA improves airway disease. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Selective receptor agonists [va-koo-1999] Role of retinoid receptors in the regulation of mucin gene expression by retinoic acid in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10024510/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3380351
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Targeted mutation of Stra8 RA-response elements reduced its expression in fetal mouse ovaries.

    Mouse Stra8 gene → Mouse Stra8 expression source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CRISPR/Cas9 cis-regulatory mutation
    exposure
    RARE1 and RARE3 mutated singly or together; endogenous Stra8 expression assessed in vivo.
    limitations
    Reduced optimal expression does not establish complete loss of expression or prove an obligatory RA trigger for all ovarian meiosis.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Later genetic promoter tests confirmed a contribution from RA-responsive DNA elements.
    primary_references
    [feng2021] Identification of regulatory elements required for Stra8 expression in fetal ovarian germ cells of the mouse. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33574039/ DOI: 10.1242/dev.194977
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovarian germ cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 395–406

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CRISPR/Cas9 cis-regulatory mutation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-stra8-rare-mutations Targeted mutation of Stra8 RA-response elements reduced its expression in fetal mouse ovaries. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Later genetic promoter tests confirmed a contribution from RA-responsive DNA elements. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovarian germ cells experimental_model: CRISPR/Cas9 cis-regulatory mutation limitations: Reduced optimal expression does not establish complete loss of expression or prove an obligatory RA trigger for all ovarian meiosis. exposure: RARE1 and RARE3 mutated singly or together; endogenous Stra8 expression assessed in vivo. cross_nutrient: false [feng2021] Identification of regulatory elements required for Stra8 expression in fetal ovarian germ cells of the mouse. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33574039/ DOI: 10.1242/dev.194977
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. ATRA increased GPX4/FSP1 protein and GCH1 transcripts; RAR blockade suppressed the transcript responses.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → GPX4 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Shared GPX4 connects retinoid signaling to the selenium collection; no proven supplementation synergy.
    experimental_model
    HT-1080 cells; pharmacological ATRA.
    limitations
    Direct promoter binding and dietary selenium replacement were not tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Retinoid signaling reached existing ferroptosis-defense machinery.
    primary_references
    [va-berndt2024] Suppression of ferroptosis by vitamin A or radical-trapping antioxidants is essential for neuronal development (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39218970/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51996-1
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Human cell line

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1811–1821

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HT-1080 cells; pharmacological ATRA. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-atra-ferroptosis-regulators ATRA increased GPX4/FSP1 protein and GCH1 transcripts; RAR blockade suppressed the transcript responses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Retinoid signaling reached existing ferroptosis-defense machinery. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human cell line experimental_model: HT-1080 cells; pharmacological ATRA. limitations: Direct promoter binding and dietary selenium replacement were not tested. cross_nutrient: Shared GPX4 connects retinoid signaling to the selenium collection; no proven supplementation synergy. [va-berndt2024] Suppression of ferroptosis by vitamin A or radical-trapping antioxidants is essential for neuronal development (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39218970/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51996-1
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Retinoic-acid receptor signaling increased intestinal ISX expression.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Intestine-specific homeobox protein / ISX source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_location
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse diet/retinoic-acid interventions and human cell lines.
    exposure
    Retinoic-acid treatment with receptor-dependent tests.
    limitations
    Pharmacological treatment supports feedback circuitry, not a universal dietary threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus and Homo sapiens cell lines
    outcome
    Retinoic-acid receptor signaling increased intestinal ISX expression.
    plain_language
    The active retinoid metabolite induces a brake on further precursor uptake.
    primary_references
    [va-lobo-2010] ISX is a retinoic acid-sensitive gatekeeper that controls intestinal beta,beta-carotene absorption and vitamin A production (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061533/ DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-150995
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Intestine and cultured cells

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 260–272

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse diet/retinoic-acid interventions and human cell lines. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-retinoic-acid-isx-feedback Retinoic-acid receptor signaling increased intestinal ISX expression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The active retinoid metabolite induces a brake on further precursor uptake. organism: Mus musculus and Homo sapiens cell lines tissue_or_cell_type: Intestine and cultured cells experimental_model: Mouse diet/retinoic-acid interventions and human cell lines. limitations: Pharmacological treatment supports feedback circuitry, not a universal dietary threshold. exposure: Retinoic-acid treatment with receptor-dependent tests. outcome: Retinoic-acid receptor signaling increased intestinal ISX expression. evidence_location: Abstract [va-lobo-2010] ISX is a retinoic acid-sensitive gatekeeper that controls intestinal beta,beta-carotene absorption and vitamin A production (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061533/ DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-150995
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Retinoic acid reduced mineralization in human and murine osteoblast models through RAR-linked effects.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Osteoblast mineralization source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Retinoid signaling -> calcium/phosphate mineralization.
    experimental_model
    Primary human osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells.
    limitations
    Pharmacology and culture exposure do not define a safe dietary threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Homo sapiens; Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Too much local retinoid signaling can impair mineral deposition in these models.
    primary_references
    [va-lind2013] Vitamin a is a negative regulator of osteoblast mineralization (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340023/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082388
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Osteoblasts

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1650–1660

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary human osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-retinoic-acid-mineralization Retinoic acid reduced mineralization in human and murine osteoblast models through RAR-linked effects. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Too much local retinoid signaling can impair mineral deposition in these models. organism: Homo sapiens; Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Osteoblasts experimental_model: Primary human osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells. limitations: Pharmacology and culture exposure do not define a safe dietary threshold. cross_nutrient: Retinoid signaling -> calcium/phosphate mineralization. [va-lind2013] Vitamin a is a negative regulator of osteoblast mineralization (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340023/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082388
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Ligand destabilized SMRT association with retinoid receptor complexes, including DNA-bound receptors.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Nuclear receptor corepressor 2 / SMRT source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters.
    exposure
    Ligand addition
    limitations
    Cofactor exchange varies by promoter and cell.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Biochemical receptor system
    plain_language
    Ligand binding can release a transcriptional brake.
    primary_references
    [va-chen-1995] A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7566127/ DOI: 10.1038/377454a0
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Receptor complexes

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1149–1160

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-ligand-smrt-release Ligand destabilized SMRT association with retinoid receptor complexes, including DNA-bound receptors. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Ligand binding can release a transcriptional brake. organism: Biochemical receptor system tissue_or_cell_type: Receptor complexes experimental_model: Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters. limitations: Cofactor exchange varies by promoter and cell. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Ligand addition [va-chen-1995] A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7566127/ DOI: 10.1038/377454a0
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. SMRT associated with retinoid receptors and mediated transcriptional silencing in engineered assays.

    Nuclear receptor corepressor 2 / SMRT → Retinoic-acid-responsive transcription source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters.
    exposure
    Unliganded receptor and SMRT
    limitations
    Not a claim that all unliganded RAR targets are repressed.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Biochemical and cellular reporter systems
    plain_language
    Corepressor proteins help keep selected receptor-controlled genes quiet.
    primary_references
    [va-chen-1995] A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7566127/ DOI: 10.1038/377454a0
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Receptor complexes

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1136–1147

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-smrt-repression SMRT associated with retinoid receptors and mediated transcriptional silencing in engineered assays. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Corepressor proteins help keep selected receptor-controlled genes quiet. organism: Biochemical and cellular reporter systems tissue_or_cell_type: Receptor complexes experimental_model: Biochemical interactions and engineered cellular transcription reporters. limitations: Not a claim that all unliganded RAR targets are repressed. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Unliganded receptor and SMRT [va-chen-1995] A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7566127/ DOI: 10.1038/377454a0
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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