Component
9-cis-retinoic acid
Retinoic acid geometric isomer that binds RARs and RXRs in biochemical assays; physiological availability is tissue dependent.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"}
- experimental_model
- Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements
- exposure
- All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure
- limitations
- Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference.
- nutrient_topic
- Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
- organism
- Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells
- plain_language
- A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model.
- primary_references
- [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
- tissue_or_cell_type
- ASMT/HIOMT expression
Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 318–329
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### melatonin-retinoid-9cis The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model. organism: Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells tissue_or_cell_type: ASMT/HIOMT expression experimental_model: Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements limitations: Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference. exposure: All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"} [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
Complete structured claim and evidence9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_locator
- Abstract
- experimental_model
- Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters.
- exposure
- Isomer competition
- limitations
- Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells
- plain_language
- An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways.
- primary_references
- [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Nuclear extracts
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-sig-9cis-rar-binding 9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways. organism: Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nuclear extracts experimental_model: Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. limitations: Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Isomer competition [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
Complete structured claim and evidence9-cis RA bound the tested RXR preparation with high affinity and activated RXR-dependent reporter responses.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_locator
- Abstract
- experimental_model
- Receptor binding and cell transfection assays.
- exposure
- 9-cis RA exposure
- limitations
- Its biochemical activity does not establish a universal physiological RXR ligand pool.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Recombinant/cultured-cell system
- plain_language
- The 9-cis isomer supplies a direct experimental RXR ligand.
- primary_references
- [va-heyman-1992] 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1310260/ DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90479-v
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Receptor-binding preparations
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1069–1080
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor binding and cell transfection assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-sig-9cis-rxr-binding 9-cis RA bound the tested RXR preparation with high affinity and activated RXR-dependent reporter responses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The 9-cis isomer supplies a direct experimental RXR ligand. organism: Recombinant/cultured-cell system tissue_or_cell_type: Receptor-binding preparations experimental_model: Receptor binding and cell transfection assays. limitations: Its biochemical activity does not establish a universal physiological RXR ligand pool. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: 9-cis RA exposure [va-heyman-1992] 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1310260/ DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90479-v
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.