Component

Retinoic acid receptor beta

Retinoic acid receptor beta; specific protein identity, with organism and perturbation supplied in each claim.

7 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. RAR beta occupied the mouse Saa3 promoter; mutation of RARE -224 abolished reporter activity.

    Retinoic acid receptor beta → Mouse Saa3 gene source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Figure 2; Methods
    experimental_model
    Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion.
    exposure
    100 nM retinol plus 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h
    limitations
    Direct binding to Saa1/Saa2 was predicted, not demonstrated here.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Epithelial retinoid sensing directly controls this mouse immune gene.
    primary_references
    [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    tissue_or_cell_type
    MODE-K intestinal epithelial cells

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1318–1329

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-rarb-saa3-promoter RAR beta occupied the mouse Saa3 promoter; mutation of RARE -224 abolished reporter activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Epithelial retinoid sensing directly controls this mouse immune gene. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: MODE-K intestinal epithelial cells experimental_model: Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. limitations: Direct binding to Saa1/Saa2 was predicted, not demonstrated here. evidence_locator: Figure 2; Methods exposure: 100 nM retinol plus 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Epithelial Rarb deletion reduced intestinal Th17 IL-17A production without reducing overall Th17 frequency.

    Retinoic acid receptor beta → Interleukin 17A source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_locator
    Figure 4A-D
    experimental_model
    Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion.
    exposure
    Epithelial Rarb deletion
    limitations
    Does not establish a complete retinol-transfer chain.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    A receptor in epithelial cells helps neighboring immune cells function.
    primary_references
    [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Intestinal lamina propria
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1331–1342

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-rarb-th17-effector Epithelial Rarb deletion reduced intestinal Th17 IL-17A production without reducing overall Th17 frequency. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A receptor in epithelial cells helps neighboring immune cells function. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal lamina propria experimental_model: Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. limitations: Does not establish a complete retinol-transfer chain. evidence_locator: Figure 4A-D exposure: Epithelial Rarb deletion [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. RAR-null fetal ovaries grafted into adult females produced oocytes that contributed to offspring carrying the deleted alleles.

    Retinoic acid receptor family → Production of functional mouse oocytes source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Ovarian graft and breeding experiment
    exposure
    E17.5 mutant ovaries grafted into nude females; mating with wild-type males.
    limitations
    Recipient support bypassed mutant fetal lethality; not intact-knockout fertility.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The receptor-deficient ovarian grafts could produce functional eggs.
    primary_references
    [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovarian graft in adult recipient
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 317–328

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ovarian graft and breeding experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-rar-null-functional-oocytes RAR-null fetal ovaries grafted into adult females produced oocytes that contributed to offspring carrying the deleted alleles. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The receptor-deficient ovarian grafts could produce functional eggs. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovarian graft in adult recipient experimental_model: Ovarian graft and breeding experiment limitations: Recipient support bypassed mutant fetal lethality; not intact-knockout fertility. exposure: E17.5 mutant ovaries grafted into nude females; mating with wild-type males. cross_nutrient: false [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Fetal ovarian germ cells lacking all RARs expressed meiotic markers and reached zygotene, challenging an obligatory RAR trigger.

    Retinoic acid receptor family → Mouse fetal ovarian meiotic progression source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter
    exposure
    Tamoxifen induction at E9.5; meiosis assessed at E15.5.
    limitations
    Does not test dietary vitamin A deprivation or every possible RAR-independent action.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The tested fetal ovarian program progressed without the RA receptors.
    primary_references
    [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    tissue_or_cell_type
    fetal ovary
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 304–315

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-repro-rar-null-ovarian-meiosis Fetal ovarian germ cells lacking all RARs expressed meiotic markers and reached zygotene, challenging an obligatory RAR trigger. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested fetal ovarian program progressed without the RA receptors. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: fetal ovary experimental_model: Timed receptor deletion with excision reporter limitations: Does not test dietary vitamin A deprivation or every possible RAR-independent action. exposure: Tamoxifen induction at E9.5; meiosis assessed at E15.5. cross_nutrient: false [vernet2020] Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917583/ DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. 9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective.

    9-cis-retinoic acid → Retinoic acid receptor family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters.
    exposure
    Isomer competition
    limitations
    Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells
    plain_language
    An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways.
    primary_references
    [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nuclear extracts

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1043–1054

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-9cis-rar-binding 9-cis RA also bound RAR alpha, beta and gamma; it was not RXR-selective. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An RXR-binding retinoid can also activate RAR pathways. organism: Recombinant receptors in COS-1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nuclear extracts experimental_model: Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. limitations: Does not establish endogenous tissue concentrations. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Isomer competition [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. All-trans RA bound the tested RAR alpha, beta and gamma preparations with high affinity.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Retinoic acid receptor family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    experimental_model
    Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters.
    exposure
    Radioligand competition
    limitations
    Binding affinity is not a dietary threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Recombinant receptors in African green monkey COS-1 cells
    plain_language
    The all-trans isomer directly engages RAR proteins.
    primary_references
    [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nuclear extracts

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1030–1041

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-atra-rar-binding All-trans RA bound the tested RAR alpha, beta and gamma preparations with high affinity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The all-trans isomer directly engages RAR proteins. organism: Recombinant receptors in African green monkey COS-1 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nuclear extracts experimental_model: Transfected COS-1 nucleosol; ligand competition and chimeric receptor reporters. limitations: Binding affinity is not a dietary threshold. evidence_locator: Abstract exposure: Radioligand competition [va-allenby-1993] Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8380496/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.1.30
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Recombinant SAA1 restored impaired Th17 cytokine output in cultured lamina propria cells from epithelial Rarb mutants.

    Serum amyloid A1 → Interleukin 17A source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_locator
    Figure 4E
    experimental_model
    Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion.
    exposure
    rSAA1 during 4-hour stimulation
    limitations
    Rescue does not establish delivery of retinol to Th17 cells.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Adding an epithelial-associated mediator rescued the measured immune output.
    primary_references
    [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Ex vivo intestinal lamina propria cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1344–1355

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-sig-saa1-rescue-th17 Recombinant SAA1 restored impaired Th17 cytokine output in cultured lamina propria cells from epithelial Rarb mutants. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding an epithelial-associated mediator rescued the measured immune output. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Ex vivo intestinal lamina propria cells experimental_model: Mouse MODE-K cells and intestinal epithelial Rarb deletion. limitations: Rescue does not establish delivery of retinol to Th17 cells. evidence_locator: Figure 4E exposure: rSAA1 during 4-hour stimulation [va-gattu-2019] Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6561173/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812069116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards