Component

Pantethine

Disulfide-linked pantetheine dimer; distinct from pantetheine, pantothenate and CoA.

8 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. The same trial reported a 4 mg/dL (5%) apolipoprotein B reduction from baseline at week 16 and a significant comparison with placebo.

    Pantethine → Circulating apolipoprotein B concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk
    exposure
    TLC diet begun four weeks before randomization and continued; 60 per group; pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16.
    limitations
    Lipid markers rather than cardiovascular events; pantethine is a derivative, not dietary B5 repletion. Absolute changes were small. Industry-associated authors; full methods were not retrieved.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A related lipoprotein marker also decreased modestly.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-rumberger2011] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925346/ DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulating lipids and lipoproteins

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1397–1409

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-apob-2011 The same trial reported a 4 mg/dL (5%) apolipoprotein B reduction from baseline at week 16 and a significant comparison with placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A related lipoprotein marker also decreased modestly. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating lipids and lipoproteins experimental_model: Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk limitations: Lipid markers rather than cardiovascular events; pantethine is a derivative, not dietary B5 repletion. Absolute changes were small. Industry-associated authors; full methods were not retrieved. exposure: TLC diet begun four weeks before randomization and continued; 60 per group; pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [b5-clin-rumberger2011] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925346/ DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. After oral D-pantethine in the four cystinotic children, pantothenic acid and cysteamine appeared as products, while intact pantethine was not detected in plasma.

    Pantethine → Pantothenate (vitamin B5) source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis
    exposure
    Historical oral D-pantethine exposures 70–1000 mg/kg/day.
    limitations
    Very high drug-like exposures in a rare disease; not nutritional dosing, ordinary healthy-person pharmacokinetics or proof of the mechanism behind lipid-trial effects. Rat intestinal-enzyme kinetic data in the same paper are not assigned to humans. The primary authors described rapid hydrolysis. This human observation does not by itself specify the reductive/disulfide steps or a human vanin isoform.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The administered derivative was rapidly converted; the blood exposure was not simply unchanged pantethine.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-wittwer1985] Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis. (1985). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4056044/ DOI: 10.1172/jci112152
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma after oral D-pantethine

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1467–1479

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-human-products After oral D-pantethine in the four cystinotic children, pantothenic acid and cysteamine appeared as products, while intact pantethine was not detected in plasma. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The administered derivative was rapidly converted; the blood exposure was not simply unchanged pantethine. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma after oral D-pantethine experimental_model: Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis limitations: Very high drug-like exposures in a rare disease; not nutritional dosing, ordinary healthy-person pharmacokinetics or proof of the mechanism behind lipid-trial effects. Rat intestinal-enzyme kinetic data in the same paper are not assigned to humans. The primary authors described rapid hydrolysis. This human observation does not by itself specify the reductive/disulfide steps or a human vanin isoform. exposure: Historical oral D-pantethine exposures 70–1000 mg/kg/day. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [b5-clin-wittwer1985] Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis. (1985). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4056044/ DOI: 10.1172/jci112152
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. At 16 weeks, the pantethine trial reported a 4 mg/dL (4%) LDL-C reduction from baseline, with a significant comparison against placebo while both groups followed the TLC diet.

    Pantethine → LDL cholesterol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk
    exposure
    TLC diet begun four weeks before randomization and continued; 60 per group; pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16.
    limitations
    Lipid markers rather than cardiovascular events; pantethine is a derivative, not dietary B5 repletion. Absolute changes were small. Industry-associated authors; full methods were not retrieved. The 4 mg/dL figure is the reported change from baseline, not a separately verified adjusted between-group estimate.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Pantethine produced a modest LDL reduction in this trial.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-rumberger2011] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925346/ DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulating lipids and lipoproteins

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1383–1395

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-ldl-2011 At 16 weeks, the pantethine trial reported a 4 mg/dL (4%) LDL-C reduction from baseline, with a significant comparison against placebo while both groups followed the TLC diet. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Pantethine produced a modest LDL reduction in this trial. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating lipids and lipoproteins experimental_model: Randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled 16-week trial in 120 adults at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk limitations: Lipid markers rather than cardiovascular events; pantethine is a derivative, not dietary B5 repletion. Absolute changes were small. Industry-associated authors; full methods were not retrieved. The 4 mg/dL figure is the reported change from baseline, not a separately verified adjusted between-group estimate. exposure: TLC diet begun four weeks before randomization and continued; 60 per group; pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [b5-clin-rumberger2011] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21925346/ DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The 32-person trial reported LDL-C about 11% below baseline with pantethine at week 16 versus a 3% increase with placebo; the week-16 comparison was significant (P=0.006).

    Pantethine → LDL cholesterol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract; full article retrieval was unavailable.
    experimental_model
    Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria
    exposure
    Pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16.
    limitations
    Small short trial with industry-associated authors and surrogate outcomes; not evidence that pantothenic acid has the same effects or that events or mortality improve. Different effect size from the 2011 trial is not automatically a mechanistic conflict.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The smaller trial also found lower LDL, under its own study conditions.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-evans2014] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24600231/ DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s57116
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulating lipids

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1411–1423

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-ldl-2014 The 32-person trial reported LDL-C about 11% below baseline with pantethine at week 16 versus a 3% increase with placebo; the week-16 comparison was significant (P=0.006). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The smaller trial also found lower LDL, under its own study conditions. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating lipids experimental_model: Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria limitations: Small short trial with industry-associated authors and surrogate outcomes; not evidence that pantothenic acid has the same effects or that events or mortality improve. Different effect size from the 2011 trial is not automatically a mechanistic conflict. exposure: Pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract; full article retrieval was unavailable. [b5-clin-evans2014] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24600231/ DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s57116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Radiolabeled cystine tracing in cystinotic fibroblasts supported formation of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide during pantethine treatment.

    Pantethine → Cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract, including metabolite-tracing conclusion.
    experimental_model
    Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts
    exposure
    Pantethine or cystamine treatment; specific concentration not retrieved from the primary abstract.
    limitations
    Disease-derived cultured cells; no molecular exporter is assigned without evidence. Formation and efflux of a mixed disulfide do not prove that pantothenate alone treats cystinosis.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The derivative changed accumulated cystine into a different disulfide product in these patient cells.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-butler1984] Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6746900/ DOI: 10.1172/jci111436
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cystinotic fibroblast lysosomes and extracellular medium

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1495–1507

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-mixed-disulfide Radiolabeled cystine tracing in cystinotic fibroblasts supported formation of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide during pantethine treatment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The derivative changed accumulated cystine into a different disulfide product in these patient cells. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cystinotic fibroblast lysosomes and extracellular medium experimental_model: Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts limitations: Disease-derived cultured cells; no molecular exporter is assigned without evidence. Formation and efflux of a mixed disulfide do not prove that pantothenate alone treats cystinosis. exposure: Pantethine or cystamine treatment; specific concentration not retrieved from the primary abstract. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract, including metabolite-tracing conclusion. [b5-clin-butler1984] Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6746900/ DOI: 10.1172/jci111436
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Non-HDL cholesterol differences in the 32-person trial were trends at weeks 8 and 12 and reached significance at week 16 (P=0.042).

    Pantethine → Non-HDL cholesterol concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract; full article retrieval was unavailable.
    experimental_model
    Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria
    exposure
    Pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16.
    limitations
    Small short trial with industry-associated authors and surrogate outcomes; not evidence that pantothenic acid has the same effects or that events or mortality improve.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The broader non-HDL marker reached statistical significance only at the later measurement.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-evans2014] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24600231/ DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s57116
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulating lipids

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1425–1437

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-nonhdl-2014 Non-HDL cholesterol differences in the 32-person trial were trends at weeks 8 and 12 and reached significance at week 16 (P=0.042). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The broader non-HDL marker reached statistical significance only at the later measurement. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulating lipids experimental_model: Randomized triple-blind placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 adults eligible for statin therapy under the study criteria limitations: Small short trial with industry-associated authors and surrogate outcomes; not evidence that pantothenic acid has the same effects or that events or mortality improve. exposure: Pantethine 600 mg/day for weeks 1–8 and 900 mg/day for weeks 9–16. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract; full article retrieval was unavailable. [b5-clin-evans2014] Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24600231/ DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s57116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Pantothenate after oral pantethine peaked at about 2.5 hours and fitted a two-compartment model with an estimated elimination half-life of 28 hours in the reported cystinosis study.

    Pantethine → Blood pantothenate concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis
    exposure
    Historical oral D-pantethine exposures 70–1000 mg/kg/day.
    limitations
    Very high drug-like exposures in a rare disease; not nutritional dosing, ordinary healthy-person pharmacokinetics or proof of the mechanism behind lipid-trial effects. Rat intestinal-enzyme kinetic data in the same paper are not assigned to humans. Model-specific estimate at high exposures in four children; not a normal dietary half-life.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Vitamin exposure persisted after the parent derivative was administered.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-wittwer1985] Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis. (1985). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4056044/ DOI: 10.1172/jci112152
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma after oral D-pantethine

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1481–1493

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-pantethine-pantothenate-kinetics Pantothenate after oral pantethine peaked at about 2.5 hours and fitted a two-compartment model with an estimated elimination half-life of 28 hours in the reported cystinosis study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Vitamin exposure persisted after the parent derivative was administered. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma after oral D-pantethine experimental_model: Pharmacokinetic/metabolic study in four children with nephropathic cystinosis limitations: Very high drug-like exposures in a rare disease; not nutritional dosing, ordinary healthy-person pharmacokinetics or proof of the mechanism behind lipid-trial effects. Rat intestinal-enzyme kinetic data in the same paper are not assigned to humans. Model-specific estimate at high exposures in four children; not a normal dietary half-life. exposure: Historical oral D-pantethine exposures 70–1000 mg/kg/day. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [b5-clin-wittwer1985] Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis. (1985). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4056044/ DOI: 10.1172/jci112152
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide left treated cystinotic fibroblasts, contributing to depletion of accumulated cellular cystine.

    Cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide → Cysteamine-cysteine mixed-disulfide efflux source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract, including metabolite-tracing conclusion.
    experimental_model
    Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts
    exposure
    Pantethine or cystamine treatment; specific concentration not retrieved from the primary abstract.
    limitations
    Disease-derived cultured cells; no molecular exporter is assigned without evidence. Formation and efflux of a mixed disulfide do not prove that pantothenate alone treats cystinosis.
    nutrient_topic
    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pantothenate (vitamin B5)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Export of the new disulfide helped remove the stored cystine.
    primary_references
    [b5-clin-butler1984] Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6746900/ DOI: 10.1172/jci111436
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cystinotic fibroblast lysosomes and extracellular medium

    Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5): coenzyme A, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1509–1521

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b5-clin-mixed-disulfide-efflux The cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide left treated cystinotic fibroblasts, contributing to depletion of accumulated cellular cystine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Export of the new disulfide helped remove the stored cystine. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cystinotic fibroblast lysosomes and extracellular medium experimental_model: Radiolabeled cystine metabolite-tracing experiment in cultured patient fibroblasts limitations: Disease-derived cultured cells; no molecular exporter is assigned without evidence. Formation and efflux of a mixed disulfide do not prove that pantothenate alone treats cystinosis. exposure: Pantethine or cystamine treatment; specific concentration not retrieved from the primary abstract. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract, including metabolite-tracing conclusion. [b5-clin-butler1984] Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6746900/ DOI: 10.1172/jci111436
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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