Serum ferritin concentration

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

Iron (interacting_nutrient); Manganese (absorbed_nutrient)

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women

exposure

Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each.

limitations

Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause.

nutrient_topic

Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The amount of manganese absorbed depended partly on iron stores.

primary_references

[mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

tissue_or_cell_type

Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 978–990

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mn-clin-iron-stores-absorption Manganese absorption was greatest in the low-ferritin group on the low-manganese diet and lowest in the high-ferritin group. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The amount of manganese absorbed depended partly on iron stores. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood experimental_model: Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women limitations: Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause. exposure: Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each. cross_nutrient: Iron (interacting_nutrient); Manganese (absorbed_nutrient) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-clinical-sources/finley1999.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1731, "text_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "text_characters": 1731} [mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

Iron (associated_nutrient)

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women

exposure

Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each.

limitations

Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause.

nutrient_topic

Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

An enzyme readout also varied with iron stores.

primary_references

[mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

tissue_or_cell_type

Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1006–1018

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mn-clin-iron-stores-arginase The high-ferritin group had lower measured arginase activity in the controlled dietary comparison. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme readout also varied with iron stores. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood experimental_model: Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women limitations: Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause. exposure: Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each. cross_nutrient: Iron (associated_nutrient) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-clinical-sources/finley1999.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1731, "text_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "text_characters": 1731} [mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

Iron (interacting_nutrient); Manganese (retained_nutrient)

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-clinical-sources/finley1999.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1731, "text_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "text_characters": 1731}

experimental_model

Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women

exposure

Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each.

limitations

Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause.

nutrient_topic

Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Absorbing manganese and keeping it are separately regulated.

primary_references

[mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

tissue_or_cell_type

Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 992–1004

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### mn-clin-iron-stores-retention Tracer half-life was longest with high ferritin and low manganese intake, and shortest during the high-manganese diets. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Absorbing manganese and keeping it are separately regulated. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Gut, whole-body tracer retention and blood experimental_model: Crossover isotope study in 26 healthy young women limitations: Ferritin defines the comparison groups, not cellular manganese deficiency. Retention and absorption are separate measurements; the study does not identify a specific transporter as their cause. exposure: Eleven women with serum ferritin >50 micrograms/L and 15 with <15 micrograms/L; diets at 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/day for 60 days each. cross_nutrient: Iron (interacting_nutrient); Manganese (retained_nutrient) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-clinical-sources/finley1999.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1731, "text_sha256": "3ec791f205459093fec1dfac522bbb6241aa1199894886be9c64d4c2eb2b97d7", "text_characters": 1731} [mn-clin-finley1999] Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393136/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.37

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/28615259.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "482315ae02220062888b95687924e871f354ca9edb9fda6303c415799ce9cd4e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2373, "text_sha256": "482315ae02220062888b95687924e871f354ca9edb9fda6303c415799ce9cd4e"}

experimental_model

Cross-sectional analysis of population surveys

exposure

Inflammation-adjustment comparisons in BRINDA surveys

limitations

Population prevalence estimation; the correction methods are not an individual diagnostic formula.

nutrient_topic

Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iron

organism

27865 preschool children and 24844 women of reproductive age

plain_language

A seemingly reassuring ferritin result can be influenced by inflammation; this study analyzed populations rather than diagnosing individuals.

primary_references

[iron-p28615259] Adjusting ferritin concentrations for inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615259/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.141762

tissue_or_cell_type

Ferritin, CRP and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Iron: absorption, trafficking, iron-dependent enzymes and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1330–1341

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cross-sectional analysis of population surveys · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### iron-ferritin-inflammation Adjusting ferritin for inflammation increased estimated depleted-store prevalence by 7–25 median percentage points in children and 2–8 points in women, depending on the method. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A seemingly reassuring ferritin result can be influenced by inflammation; this study analyzed populations rather than diagnosing individuals. organism: 27865 preschool children and 24844 women of reproductive age tissue_or_cell_type: Ferritin, CRP and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein experimental_model: Cross-sectional analysis of population surveys limitations: Population prevalence estimation; the correction methods are not an individual diagnostic formula. exposure: Inflammation-adjustment comparisons in BRINDA surveys evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/28615259.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "482315ae02220062888b95687924e871f354ca9edb9fda6303c415799ce9cd4e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2373, "text_sha256": "482315ae02220062888b95687924e871f354ca9edb9fda6303c415799ce9cd4e"} [iron-p28615259] Adjusting ferritin concentrations for inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615259/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.141762

cross_nutrient

Iron (coadministered_nutrient); Hematocrit (measured_endpoint); Blood hemoglobin concentration (unchanged_endpoint)

evidence_location

Indexed primary abstract.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969}

experimental_model

Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women

exposure

50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.

limitations

Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency.

nutrient_topic

Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Iron-status markers responded differently depending on whether iron accompanied zinc.

primary_references

[zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood and erythrocytes

Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1196–1209

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### zn-clin-iron-markers Zinc-only treatment was followed by lower serum ferritin and hematocrit; with added iron, ferritin increased and hematocrit was unchanged. Hemoglobin did not change in either group. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iron-status markers responded differently depending on whether iron accompanied zinc. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and erythrocytes experimental_model: Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women limitations: Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency. exposure: 50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. cross_nutrient: Iron (coadministered_nutrient); Hematocrit (measured_endpoint); Blood hemoglobin concentration (unchanged_endpoint) evidence_location: Indexed primary abstract. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969} [zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

Vitamin C/iron clinical outcome recorded separately from the uptake reaction.

experimental_model

Single-center open-label randomized equivalence trial: 440 adults with iron-deficiency anemia, 426 women.

exposure

Ferrous succinate 100 mg/tablet with or without vitamin C 200 mg every eight hours, three months; taken half an hour after meals. Tablet mass is not relabeled as elemental iron.

limitations

Ferritin is a biomarker; no proof that iron absorption was identical at every meal.

nutrient_topic

Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

The added vitamin C did not significantly improve the measured iron-storage response.

primary_references

[c-li2020] The Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin C for Iron Supplementation in Adult Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33136134/ DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23644

tissue_or_cell_type

Human blood or whole-person endpoints

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1632–1643

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-center open-label randomized equivalence trial: 440 adults with iron-deficiency anemia, 426 women. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### c-iron-treatment-ferritin-null Eight-week ferritin increases were 35.75 versus 34.48 ng/mL; between-group difference 1.27 (95% CI -0.70 to 3.24; P=0.21). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The added vitamin C did not significantly improve the measured iron-storage response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human blood or whole-person endpoints experimental_model: Single-center open-label randomized equivalence trial: 440 adults with iron-deficiency anemia, 426 women. limitations: Ferritin is a biomarker; no proof that iron absorption was identical at every meal. exposure: Ferrous succinate 100 mg/tablet with or without vitamin C 200 mg every eight hours, three months; taken half an hour after meals. Tablet mass is not relabeled as elemental iron. cross_nutrient: Vitamin C/iron clinical outcome recorded separately from the uptake reaction. [c-li2020] The Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin C for Iron Supplementation in Adult Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33136134/ DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23644

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

experimental_model

Ferritin/transferrin-receptor-based estimates.

limitations

Redistribution is an interpretation; liver iron was not directly biopsied.

nutrient_topic

Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

A better blood count did not require a measured increase in total-body iron.

primary_references

[va-zimmermann2006-iron] Vitamin A supplementation in children with poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16960172/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.580

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood; inferred storage

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1472–1481

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ferritin/transferrin-receptor-based estimates. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### va-repletion-iron-store-redistribution Ferritin fell while calculated total-body iron remained unchanged in the same trial, consistent with redistribution of existing iron. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A better blood count did not require a measured increase in total-body iron. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; inferred storage experimental_model: Ferritin/transferrin-receptor-based estimates. limitations: Redistribution is an interpretation; liver iron was not directly biopsied. [va-zimmermann2006-iron] Vitamin A supplementation in children with poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16960172/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.580

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/16439678.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ec63a88b5bebf3aecdfdea088979b051141b6ce89ceec92b66d219b99b6512c2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1003, "text_sha256": "ec63a88b5bebf3aecdfdea088979b051141b6ce89ceec92b66d219b99b6512c2"}

experimental_model

Human case with compound-heterozygous DMT1 variants

exposure

SLC11A2 V114 deletion and G212V variants

limitations

Rare genetic syndrome; ferritin is not a universal quantitative proxy for liver iron in this setting.

nutrient_topic

Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iron

organism

Human patient, compared with two prior cases

plain_language

A storage marker could understate tissue loading in this specific genetic disorder.

primary_references

[iron-p16439678] Two new human DMT1 gene mutations in a patient with microcytic anemia, low ferritinemia, and liver iron overload. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16439678/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4269

tissue_or_cell_type

Red-cell indices, liver and blood markers

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Iron: absorption, trafficking, iron-dependent enzymes and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1044–1055

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human case with compound-heterozygous DMT1 variants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### iron-human-dmt1-ferritin The reported DMT1-deficiency syndrome included liver iron overload despite normal to moderately elevated serum ferritin. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Iron research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A storage marker could understate tissue loading in this specific genetic disorder. organism: Human patient, compared with two prior cases tissue_or_cell_type: Red-cell indices, liver and blood markers experimental_model: Human case with compound-heterozygous DMT1 variants limitations: Rare genetic syndrome; ferritin is not a universal quantitative proxy for liver iron in this setting. exposure: SLC11A2 V114 deletion and G212V variants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iron-research/16439678.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ec63a88b5bebf3aecdfdea088979b051141b6ce89ceec92b66d219b99b6512c2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1003, "text_sha256": "ec63a88b5bebf3aecdfdea088979b051141b6ce89ceec92b66d219b99b6512c2"} [iron-p16439678] Two new human DMT1 gene mutations in a patient with microcytic anemia, low ferritinemia, and liver iron overload. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16439678/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4269

experimental_model

113 girls, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

exposure

500 mg calcium/day with evening meal for one year; reported marker comparisons were nonsignificant.

limitations

Does not establish absence of effect in iron-deficient people; hemoglobin, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor are distinct endpoints.

nutrient_topic

Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

No significant worsening of iron markers was found after a year of supplementation in these girls.

primary_references

[cal-clin-molgaard2005] Long-term calcium supplementation does not affect the iron status of 12-14-y-old girls (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002806/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.98

tissue_or_cell_type

Human clinical or absorption endpoint

Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 1434–1444

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 113 girls, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### cal-iron-status-longterm One year of calcium supplementation did not significantly alter measured iron-status markers in adolescent girls. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: No significant worsening of iron markers was found after a year of supplementation in these girls. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human clinical or absorption endpoint experimental_model: 113 girls, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. limitations: Does not establish absence of effect in iron-deficient people; hemoglobin, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor are distinct endpoints. exposure: 500 mg calcium/day with evening meal for one year; reported marker comparisons were nonsignificant. [cal-clin-molgaard2005] Long-term calcium supplementation does not affect the iron status of 12-14-y-old girls (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002806/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.98

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/9322572.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "767fd4144862b2bbc3bf416541442924fc69da030435898b1e6843dba8e35dc8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1869, "text_sha256": "767fd4144862b2bbc3bf416541442924fc69da030435898b1e6843dba8e35dc8"}

experimental_model

Randomized double-blind supplementation with resistance training; 18 men

exposure

924 µg chromium/day as picolinate versus placebo for 12 weeks; nine men/group

limitations

Small selected population and short follow-up. A negative result does not exclude every interaction in iron-deficient people or other exposures.

nutrient_topic

Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Chromium

organism

Human men aged 56–69

plain_language

The proposed iron-depleting effect was not observed in these older men.

primary_references

[chromium-p9322572] Chromium picolinate supplementation and resistive training by older men: effects on iron-status and hematologic indexes. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9322572/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/66.4.944

tissue_or_cell_type

Iron-status and hematologic indices

Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17) · lines 536–547

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind supplementation with resistance training; 18 men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### chromium-human-iron-status-null Chromium picolinate did not change the measured hematologic indices, serum iron or ferritin relative to placebo during the training study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The proposed iron-depleting effect was not observed in these older men. organism: Human men aged 56–69 tissue_or_cell_type: Iron-status and hematologic indices experimental_model: Randomized double-blind supplementation with resistance training; 18 men limitations: Small selected population and short follow-up. A negative result does not exclude every interaction in iron-deficient people or other exposures. exposure: 924 µg chromium/day as picolinate versus placebo for 12 weeks; nine men/group evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/9322572.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "767fd4144862b2bbc3bf416541442924fc69da030435898b1e6843dba8e35dc8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1869, "text_sha256": "767fd4144862b2bbc3bf416541442924fc69da030435898b1e6843dba8e35dc8"} [chromium-p9322572] Chromium picolinate supplementation and resistive training by older men: effects on iron-status and hematologic indexes. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9322572/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/66.4.944

availability_state

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

cross_nutrient

B12-associated ineffective blood-cell production can complicate iron-status interpretation.

experimental_model

Before/after series of 75 patients diagnosed with cobalamin deficiency.

exposure

Blood counts and iron-status measurements before and after cobalamin therapy; regimen is not extracted from the abstract.

limitations

Before/after observations cannot isolate iron utilization from all other changes.

nutrient_topic

Vitamin B12 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B12 (cobalamins)

organism

Homo sapiens

plain_language

Restoring B12 changed how the blood iron results looked.

primary_references

[b12-solmaz2015] Cobalamin deficiency can mask depleted body iron reserves (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25825568/ DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0417-x

tissue_or_cell_type

Human blood or whole-person endpoints

trigger_kind

nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

Vitamin B12: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1585–1596

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Before/after series of 75 patients diagnosed with cobalamin deficiency. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### b12-repletion-iron-readouts After cobalamin therapy, mean serum iron fell from 126.4 to 59.1 micrograms/dL, ferritin from 192.5 to 44.9 ng/mL and transferrin saturation from 47.2% to 17.5%. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin B12 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Restoring B12 changed how the blood iron results looked. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human blood or whole-person endpoints experimental_model: Before/after series of 75 patients diagnosed with cobalamin deficiency. limitations: Before/after observations cannot isolate iron utilization from all other changes. exposure: Blood counts and iron-status measurements before and after cobalamin therapy; regimen is not extracted from the abstract. cross_nutrient: B12-associated ineffective blood-cell production can complicate iron-status interpretation. [b12-solmaz2015] Cobalamin deficiency can mask depleted body iron reserves (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25825568/ DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0417-x