All-trans-lycopene / all-E-lycopene

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The animal experiment detected a downstream metabolite as well as intact lycopene.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 364–375

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-ferret-lung-metabolite Lycopene-fed ferrets accumulated cis isomers and detectable apo-10-prime-lycopenol in lung tissue. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The animal experiment detected a downstream metabolite as well as intact lycopene. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"}

experimental_model

Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling

exposure

10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis

limitations

Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human, eight healthy adults

plain_language

Different forms remain in circulation for different lengths of time.

primary_references

[lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 234–245

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-isomer-half-life All-trans tracer half-life was 5.3 ± 0.3 days versus 8.8 ± 0.6 days for cis isomers. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different forms remain in circulation for different lengths of time. organism: Human, eight healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools experimental_model: Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling limitations: Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons. exposure: 10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"} [lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The straight form did not behave like the cis forms in this enzyme assay.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 312–323

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-bco2-trans-null All-trans lycopene was not cleaved by ferret BCO2 under the reported conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The straight form did not behave like the cis forms in this enzyme assay. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18287353.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1542, "text_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1"}

experimental_model

Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake

exposure

Gac aril or oil cooked with rice; isomer-specific measurements

limitations

Food matrix and cell model; not a human fractional-absorption comparison.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Cell-free digestion and human Caco-2 cells

plain_language

Better delivery to cultured intestinal cells is not automatically better whole-body absorption.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18287353] In vitro micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of cis isomers of lycopene exceed those of all-trans lycopene. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287353/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.482

tissue_or_cell_type

Cooked gac meals; mixed micelles and enterocyte model

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 156–167

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-cis-caco Caco-2 uptake of cis lycopene exceeded all-trans uptake after simulated gac-meal digestion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Better delivery to cultured intestinal cells is not automatically better whole-body absorption. organism: Cell-free digestion and human Caco-2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cooked gac meals; mixed micelles and enterocyte model experimental_model: Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake limitations: Food matrix and cell model; not a human fractional-absorption comparison. exposure: Gac aril or oil cooked with rice; isomer-specific measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18287353.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1542, "text_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1"} [lycopene-p18287353] In vitro micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of cis isomers of lycopene exceed those of all-trans lycopene. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287353/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.482

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18287353.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1542, "text_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1"}

experimental_model

Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake

exposure

Gac aril or oil cooked with rice; isomer-specific measurements

limitations

Food matrix and cell model; not a human fractional-absorption comparison.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Cell-free digestion and human Caco-2 cells

plain_language

The bent forms reached the digestible micelle fraction more readily in this meal model.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18287353] In vitro micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of cis isomers of lycopene exceed those of all-trans lycopene. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287353/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.482

tissue_or_cell_type

Cooked gac meals; mixed micelles and enterocyte model

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 143–154

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-cis-micelles Cis lycopene isomers entered mixed micelles more efficiently than all-trans lycopene during simulated digestion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The bent forms reached the digestible micelle fraction more readily in this meal model. organism: Cell-free digestion and human Caco-2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cooked gac meals; mixed micelles and enterocyte model experimental_model: Simulated digestion followed by Caco-2 uptake limitations: Food matrix and cell model; not a human fractional-absorption comparison. exposure: Gac aril or oil cooked with rice; isomer-specific measurements evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18287353.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1542, "text_sha256": "55379407d287c9a3c0057c1b7be3834f11e0349aed2821085aa0ef0e1a587ac1"} [lycopene-p18287353] In vitro micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of cis isomers of lycopene exceed those of all-trans lycopene. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287353/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.482

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"}

experimental_model

Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling

exposure

10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis

limitations

Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human, eight healthy adults

plain_language

Cis forms were not universally better absorbed under these conditions.

primary_references

[lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 208–219

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-isomer-absorption-null Modeled bioavailability did not differ between cis lycopene, 24.5% ± 6%, and all-trans lycopene, 23.2% ± 8%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Cis forms were not universally better absorbed under these conditions. organism: Human, eight healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools experimental_model: Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling limitations: Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons. exposure: 10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"} [lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18641187.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d"}

experimental_model

Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice

exposure

All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month

limitations

Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Mouse

plain_language

Changing the uptake machinery changed blood exposure in mice.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal epithelium and plasma

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 130–141

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-mouse-srbi Intestinal SR-BI-overexpressing mice had approximately tenfold higher plasma lycopene than wild-type controls. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing the uptake machinery changed blood exposure in mice. organism: Mouse tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelium and plasma experimental_model: Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice limitations: Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial. exposure: All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18641187.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d"} [lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice

exposure

All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month

limitations

Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human Caco-2 cells

plain_language

A transporter used by other lipids was not necessary in this particular assay.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal epithelium and plasma

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 117–128

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-npc1l1-null NPC1L1 antibody and ezetimibe did not significantly reduce all-E or 5Z lycopene uptake in Caco-2 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A transporter used by other lipids was not necessary in this particular assay. organism: Human Caco-2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelium and plasma experimental_model: Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice limitations: Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial. exposure: All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18641187.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d"} [lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling

exposure

10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis

limitations

Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human, eight healthy adults

plain_language

The body can change lycopene shape after absorption.

primary_references

[lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 221–232

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-postabsorptive-isomerization Modeled endogenous trans-to-cis conversion, 0.97 ± 0.25 micromol/day in the fast-turnover pool, explained cis enrichment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The body can change lycopene shape after absorption. organism: Human, eight healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools experimental_model: Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling limitations: Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons. exposure: 10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"} [lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice

exposure

All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month

limitations

Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human Caco-2 cells

plain_language

One intestinal lipid transporter helps lycopene enter these cells.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

tissue_or_cell_type

Intestinal epithelium and plasma

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 104–115

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-srbi-uptake SR-BI antibody or BLT1 inhibited all-E and 5Z lycopene uptake by up to 60% in Caco-2 monolayers. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One intestinal lipid transporter helps lycopene enter these cells. organism: Human Caco-2 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelium and plasma experimental_model: Transporter inhibition in Caco-2 cells; intestinal SR-BI transgenic mice limitations: Partial uptake inhibition is not proof of a sole transporter. Ezetimibe result is a cell assay, not a clinical drug-interaction trial. exposure: All-E and 5Z lycopene; mice received 0.25 g/kg diet for one month evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18641187.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1557, "text_sha256": "7c71fd4fd3be9d14176bceb3c2104143269a788587feec232350a6f1c5913e3d"} [lycopene-p18641187] Lycopene absorption in human intestinal cells and in mice involves scavenger receptor class B type I but not Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641187/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1432

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling

exposure

10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis

limitations

Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human, eight healthy adults

plain_language

Only part of an oral dose reached the body in this study.

primary_references

[lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 195–206

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-tracer-absorption Mean fractional lycopene absorption was 23% ± 6% in the human carbon-13 tracer experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Only part of an oral dose reached the body in this study. organism: Human, eight healthy adults tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma over 28 days and modeled tissue pools experimental_model: Stable-isotope tracer and seven-compartment kinetic modeling limitations: Small study; model-dependent pool estimates; formulation differs from food-matrix comparisons. exposure: 10.2 mg carbon-13 lycopene, 82% all-trans and 18% cis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/26561629.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2207, "text_sha256": "fdc01c055cd2de5fc7523b3a3f4486ea939d5d197aaf214000328194f9586682"} [lycopene-p26561629] Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26561629/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143