Component

Systolic blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Eighty subjects with systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 millimetres of mercury or diastolic 85 to 99 took GABA-rich Chlorella supplying 20 milligrams as gamma-aminobutyric acid or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks with follow-up for an additional 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure in the subjects given GABA-rich Chlorella significantly decreased compared with placebo, diastolic blood pressure had the tendency to decrease, neither adverse events nor abnormal laboratory findings were reported, and reduction of systolic pressure in the subjects with borderline hypertension was higher than in those with high-normal blood pressure.

    A GABA-enriched food or supplement preparation → Systolic blood pressure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/19811362.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f372e3ce2c34cf5dcbac79af1c003b562d14665f547fab69748c5ee625c34886", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1307, "text_sha256": "f372e3ce2c34cf5dcbac79af1c003b562d14665f547fab69748c5ee625c34886"}
    experimental_model
    Placebo-controlled double-blind study over twelve weeks with four weeks of follow-up
    exposure
    GABA-rich Chlorella supplying 20 milligrams of GABA twice daily against placebo
    limitations
    Eighty subjects with high-normal or borderline blood pressure. The intervention is a whole algal preparation, so the effect is not attributable to GABA alone.
    nutrient_topic
    GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. · Gamma-aminobutyric acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Twelve weeks of a GABA-rich algal supplement lowered the upper blood pressure reading.
    primary_references
    [gb-p19811362] Anti-hypertensive effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich Chlorella on high-normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension in placebo-controlled double blind study. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811362/ DOI: 10.1080/10641960902977908
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic circulation

    GABA: a ligand with no sign of its own, the cofactor that limits its synthesis, the barrier that keeps it out of the brain, and the immune settings where the same molecule protects and harms (2026-09-22) · lines 378–389

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Placebo-controlled double-blind study over twelve weeks with four weeks of follow-up · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### gb-an-algal-preparation-lowered-pressure Eighty subjects with systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 millimetres of mercury or diastolic 85 to 99 took GABA-rich Chlorella supplying 20 milligrams as gamma-aminobutyric acid or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks with follow-up for an additional 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure in the subjects given GABA-rich Chlorella significantly decreased compared with placebo, diastolic blood pressure had the tendency to decrease, neither adverse events nor abnormal laboratory findings were reported, and reduction of systolic pressure in the subjects with borderline hypertension was higher than in those with high-normal blood pressure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. plain_language: Twelve weeks of a GABA-rich algal supplement lowered the upper blood pressure reading. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic circulation experimental_model: Placebo-controlled double-blind study over twelve weeks with four weeks of follow-up limitations: Eighty subjects with high-normal or borderline blood pressure. The intervention is a whole algal preparation, so the effect is not attributable to GABA alone. exposure: GABA-rich Chlorella supplying 20 milligrams of GABA twice daily against placebo evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/19811362.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f372e3ce2c34cf5dcbac79af1c003b562d14665f547fab69748c5ee625c34886", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1307, "text_sha256": "f372e3ce2c34cf5dcbac79af1c003b562d14665f547fab69748c5ee625c34886"} [gb-p19811362] Anti-hypertensive effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich Chlorella on high-normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension in placebo-controlled double blind study. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811362/ DOI: 10.1080/10641960902977908
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. In volunteers with mildly or moderately high blood pressure, both the fermented drinking water containing gamma-aminobutyric acid and the placebo drink of vinegar and dried bonito without GABA significantly decreased systolic blood pressure by 7.6 plus or minus 4.0 and 5.5 plus or minus 1.5 millimetres of mercury respectively and diastolic by 10.6 plus or minus 4.0 and 7.6 plus or minus 1.7 millimetres of mercury respectively compared to baseline at 12 weeks, there were no abnormal changes in haematological or blood chemistry variables, and these findings indicated that vinegar and dried bonito with or without GABA might have an effect on blood pressure.

    The fermented vinegar and dried bonito drink without added GABA → Systolic blood pressure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/19590713.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf28abaa2c4005e26679a43d2ee25123d4ca6fb7184943a6b8c7e0529e560e4a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1206, "text_sha256": "cf28abaa2c4005e26679a43d2ee25123d4ca6fb7184943a6b8c7e0529e560e4a"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled randomised study with the same fermented drink prepared with and without GABA
    exposure
    Fermented drinking water from sodium glutamate, vinegar and dried bonito, against the identical drink without GABA
    limitations
    The control is the same food matrix minus the GABA, which is the comparison the other blood-pressure studies lack.
    nutrient_topic
    GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. · Gamma-aminobutyric acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The drink without any GABA in it lowered blood pressure too, which is what the other trials had no way of detecting.
    primary_references
    [gb-p19590713] The Effects of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Vinegar, and Dried Bonito on Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Mildly or Moderately Hypertensive Volunteers. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19590713/ DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-04
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic circulation

    GABA: a ligand with no sign of its own, the cofactor that limits its synthesis, the barrier that keeps it out of the brain, and the immune settings where the same molecule protects and harms (2026-09-22) · lines 391–402

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled randomised study with the same fermented drink prepared with and without GABA · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### gb-the-control-worked-too In volunteers with mildly or moderately high blood pressure, both the fermented drinking water containing gamma-aminobutyric acid and the placebo drink of vinegar and dried bonito without GABA significantly decreased systolic blood pressure by 7.6 plus or minus 4.0 and 5.5 plus or minus 1.5 millimetres of mercury respectively and diastolic by 10.6 plus or minus 4.0 and 7.6 plus or minus 1.7 millimetres of mercury respectively compared to baseline at 12 weeks, there were no abnormal changes in haematological or blood chemistry variables, and these findings indicated that vinegar and dried bonito with or without GABA might have an effect on blood pressure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. plain_language: The drink without any GABA in it lowered blood pressure too, which is what the other trials had no way of detecting. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic circulation experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled randomised study with the same fermented drink prepared with and without GABA limitations: The control is the same food matrix minus the GABA, which is the comparison the other blood-pressure studies lack. exposure: Fermented drinking water from sodium glutamate, vinegar and dried bonito, against the identical drink without GABA evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/19590713.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf28abaa2c4005e26679a43d2ee25123d4ca6fb7184943a6b8c7e0529e560e4a", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1206, "text_sha256": "cf28abaa2c4005e26679a43d2ee25123d4ca6fb7184943a6b8c7e0529e560e4a"} [gb-p19590713] The Effects of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Vinegar, and Dried Bonito on Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Mildly or Moderately Hypertensive Volunteers. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19590713/ DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.09-04
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. In 39 mildly hypertensive adults divided into a test group of 22 who consumed rice with 11.2 milligrams GABA per 100 grams and a placebo group of 17 who consumed rice with 2.7 milligrams per 100 grams for 8 weeks, although the hospital blood pressure and evening blood pressure measurements of the participants showed no significant change, consumption of the GABA rice improved the morning blood pressure compared with the placebo rice after the first week and during the sixth and eighth weeks.

    A GABA-enriched food or supplement preparation → Self-measured morning blood pressure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/26870683.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9567c5c241e58810e0ccbf83890474aeffb6ea63198864ba199bee68708482e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1173, "text_sha256": "9567c5c241e58810e0ccbf83890474aeffb6ea63198864ba199bee68708482e4"}
    experimental_model
    Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study with home self-measured blood pressure over eight weeks
    exposure
    White rice enriched to 11.2 milligrams GABA per 100 grams against rice with 2.7 milligrams per 100 grams, 150 grams daily
    limitations
    Thirty-nine mildly hypertensive adults. Hospital and evening blood pressure did not change, so the positive result is confined to one of the three measurement settings.
    nutrient_topic
    GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. · Gamma-aminobutyric acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Enriched rice moved the morning readings and left the clinic and evening readings alone.
    primary_references
    [gb-p26870683] Effects of white rice containing enriched gamma-aminobutyric acid on blood pressure. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26870683/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.022
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic circulation

    GABA: a ligand with no sign of its own, the cofactor that limits its synthesis, the barrier that keeps it out of the brain, and the immune settings where the same molecule protects and harms (2026-09-22) · lines 365–376

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study with home self-measured blood pressure over eight weeks · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### gb-only-morning-pressure-moved In 39 mildly hypertensive adults divided into a test group of 22 who consumed rice with 11.2 milligrams GABA per 100 grams and a placebo group of 17 who consumed rice with 2.7 milligrams per 100 grams for 8 weeks, although the hospital blood pressure and evening blood pressure measurements of the participants showed no significant change, consumption of the GABA rice improved the morning blood pressure compared with the placebo rice after the first week and during the sixth and eighth weeks. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: GABA research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the sign of a GABA response depends on the chloride gradient of the cell it was measured in. plain_language: Enriched rice moved the morning readings and left the clinic and evening readings alone. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic circulation experimental_model: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study with home self-measured blood pressure over eight weeks limitations: Thirty-nine mildly hypertensive adults. Hospital and evening blood pressure did not change, so the positive result is confined to one of the three measurement settings. exposure: White rice enriched to 11.2 milligrams GABA per 100 grams against rice with 2.7 milligrams per 100 grams, 150 grams daily evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/gaba-research/26870683.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9567c5c241e58810e0ccbf83890474aeffb6ea63198864ba199bee68708482e4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1173, "text_sha256": "9567c5c241e58810e0ccbf83890474aeffb6ea63198864ba199bee68708482e4"} [gb-p26870683] Effects of white rice containing enriched gamma-aminobutyric acid on blood pressure. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26870683/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.022
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Carriers of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele consumed 17.2% fewer units per week, had lower systolic blood pressure, interleukin-6, waist circumference and body mass index, and had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90), with the protective association the same across all categories of alcohol consumption.

    The ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele (ADH1B*2, Arg48His) → Coronary heart disease source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/alcohol-research/25011450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d8f5f9f8c57fc5e32e827d8db1f212ebb427553d9b9f59db611a622bd99c4a10", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1978, "text_sha256": "d8f5f9f8c57fc5e32e827d8db1f212ebb427553d9b9f59db611a622bd99c4a10"}
    experimental_model
    Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 studies and 261,991 individuals
    exposure
    The ADH1B rs1229984 variant as an instrument for alcohol exposure
    limitations
    Genetic instrument design, which avoids the confounding and reverse causation of consumption questionnaires. It cannot speak to drinking patterns the variant does not affect.
    nutrient_topic
    Alcohol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and ethanol is recorded separately from the acetaldehyde it becomes. · Ethanol
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The gene variant that makes people drink less also gives them less heart disease, including among light drinkers.
    primary_references
    [alcohol-p25011450] Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25011450/ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4164
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cardiovascular system

    Alcohol: ethanol clearance, acetaldehyde, the channels it binds, organ injury and nutrient collisions (2026-09-21) · lines 566–577

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 studies and 261,991 individuals · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### alcohol-mendelian-cardiovascular Carriers of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele consumed 17.2% fewer units per week, had lower systolic blood pressure, interleukin-6, waist circumference and body mass index, and had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90), with the protective association the same across all categories of alcohol consumption. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alcohol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and ethanol is recorded separately from the acetaldehyde it becomes. plain_language: The gene variant that makes people drink less also gives them less heart disease, including among light drinkers. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Cardiovascular system experimental_model: Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 studies and 261,991 individuals limitations: Genetic instrument design, which avoids the confounding and reverse causation of consumption questionnaires. It cannot speak to drinking patterns the variant does not affect. exposure: The ADH1B rs1229984 variant as an instrument for alcohol exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/alcohol-research/25011450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d8f5f9f8c57fc5e32e827d8db1f212ebb427553d9b9f59db611a622bd99c4a10", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1978, "text_sha256": "d8f5f9f8c57fc5e32e827d8db1f212ebb427553d9b9f59db611a622bd99c4a10"} [alcohol-p25011450] Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25011450/ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4164
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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