Component

Iodized salt preparation

Fortified food mixture; iodine compound and concentration depend on the particular study. Not a single pure molecule.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. After iodization, standardized thyrotoxicosis incidence initially rose 39% in the previously moderately deficient cohort and 52% in the mildly deficient cohort, peaking in 2000–2001 and 2004–2005 respectively.

    Iodized salt preparation → Overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis incidence source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents
    exposure
    Mandatory salt iodization at 13 ppm from mid 2000; western cohort previously moderately deficient and eastern mildly deficient; eastern follow-up only through 2008, western through 2017.
    limitations
    Population trend rather than randomized individual causation; age composition, diagnostic testing and prior thyroid autonomy can influence rates. Early rise and later fall are successive phases, not competing claims.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Thyrotoxicosis increased during the early years after iodine supply changed.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-denmark2018] Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21-year Danish population-based study. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851122/ DOI: 10.1111/cen.13751
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Incident overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis identified from thyroid tests

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1510–1522

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-danish-early-rise After iodization, standardized thyrotoxicosis incidence initially rose 39% in the previously moderately deficient cohort and 52% in the mildly deficient cohort, peaking in 2000–2001 and 2004–2005 respectively. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Thyrotoxicosis increased during the early years after iodine supply changed. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Incident overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis identified from thyroid tests experimental_model: Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents limitations: Population trend rather than randomized individual causation; age composition, diagnostic testing and prior thyroid autonomy can influence rates. Early rise and later fall are successive phases, not competing claims. exposure: Mandatory salt iodization at 13 ppm from mid 2000; western cohort previously moderately deficient and eastern mildly deficient; eastern follow-up only through 2008, western through 2017. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-denmark2018] Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21-year Danish population-based study. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851122/ DOI: 10.1111/cen.13751
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Incidence returned to baseline or below by 2008; in the western, previously moderately deficient cohort it was 33% below baseline in 2016–2017.

    Iodized salt preparation → Overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis incidence source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents
    exposure
    Mandatory salt iodization at 13 ppm from mid 2000; western cohort previously moderately deficient and eastern mildly deficient; eastern follow-up only through 2008, western through 2017.
    limitations
    Population trend rather than randomized individual causation; age composition, diagnostic testing and prior thyroid autonomy can influence rates. Early rise and later fall are successive phases, not competing claims. Only the western cohort continued to 2017. The decline was strongest among older people; this is not a claim that every thyroid outcome improved.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The later population pattern differed from the early rise.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-denmark2018] Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21-year Danish population-based study. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851122/ DOI: 10.1111/cen.13751
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Incident overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis identified from thyroid tests

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1524–1536

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-danish-late-decline Incidence returned to baseline or below by 2008; in the western, previously moderately deficient cohort it was 33% below baseline in 2016–2017. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The later population pattern differed from the early rise. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Incident overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis identified from thyroid tests experimental_model: Twenty-one-year prospective population-register study in two open Danish cohorts, initially 533969 residents limitations: Population trend rather than randomized individual causation; age composition, diagnostic testing and prior thyroid autonomy can influence rates. Early rise and later fall are successive phases, not competing claims. Only the western cohort continued to 2017. The decline was strongest among older people; this is not a claim that every thyroid outcome improved. exposure: Mandatory salt iodization at 13 ppm from mid 2000; western cohort previously moderately deficient and eastern mildly deficient; eastern follow-up only through 2008, western through 2017. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-denmark2018] Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21-year Danish population-based study. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29851122/ DOI: 10.1111/cen.13751
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Median dried-blood-spot thyroglobulin fell from 49 to 13 and 8 micrograms/L at 5 and 10 months after iodized salt introduction; proportions above 40 micrograms/L fell from over two thirds to 7% and 3%.

    Iodized salt preparation → Dried-blood-spot thyroglobulin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Assay-standardization study in 700 iodine-sufficient euthyroid anti-Tg-antibody-negative children aged 5–14 and separate 10-month iodized-salt intervention
    exposure
    International reference sample and longitudinal measurements before, 5 months and 10 months after salt iodization in deficient children.
    limitations
    Assay-specific pediatric reference distribution; not a universal adult/pregnancy threshold. Anti-Tg-antibody-positive children were excluded from the reference sample; antibody interference and other thyroid diseases remain relevant.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    This thyroglobulin assay tracked the population’s response to iodine repletion.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-tg2006] Assessment of iodine status using dried blood spot thyroglobulin: development of reference material and establishment of an international reference range in iodine-sufficient children. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16968789/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1370
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Dried whole-blood thyroglobulin assay
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1580–1592

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Assay-standardization study in 700 iodine-sufficient euthyroid anti-Tg-antibody-negative children aged 5–14 and separate 10-month iodized-salt intervention · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-dbs-tg-response Median dried-blood-spot thyroglobulin fell from 49 to 13 and 8 micrograms/L at 5 and 10 months after iodized salt introduction; proportions above 40 micrograms/L fell from over two thirds to 7% and 3%. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This thyroglobulin assay tracked the population’s response to iodine repletion. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Dried whole-blood thyroglobulin assay experimental_model: Assay-standardization study in 700 iodine-sufficient euthyroid anti-Tg-antibody-negative children aged 5–14 and separate 10-month iodized-salt intervention limitations: Assay-specific pediatric reference distribution; not a universal adult/pregnancy threshold. Anti-Tg-antibody-positive children were excluded from the reference sample; antibody interference and other thyroid diseases remain relevant. exposure: International reference sample and longitudinal measurements before, 5 months and 10 months after salt iodization in deficient children. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-tg2006] Assessment of iodine status using dried blood spot thyroglobulin: development of reference material and establishment of an international reference range in iodine-sufficient children. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16968789/ DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1370
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Serum thyroxine was higher with dual-fortified salt than with iodized salt alone (P<0.05), with lower reported hypothyroidism and goiter prevalence (P<0.01).

    Iron → Serum total thyroxine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence
    exposure
    Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements.
    limitations
    Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials. The abstract does not provide the exact between-group thyroxine effect size. The two iron trials have distinct populations and endpoints; their hormone results are not declared a contradiction.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    This iron–iodine trial also found a hormone response.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1244–1256

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-dual-salt-thyroxine Serum thyroxine was higher with dual-fortified salt than with iodized salt alone (P<0.05), with lower reported hypothyroidism and goiter prevalence (P<0.01). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This iron–iodine trial also found a hormone response. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices experimental_model: Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence limitations: Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials. The abstract does not provide the exact between-group thyroxine effect size. The two iron trials have distinct populations and endpoints; their hormone results are not declared a contradiction. exposure: Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Mean thyroid-volume reduction at 40 weeks was 38% with dual iron–iodine salt versus 18% with iodine-only salt (P<0.01).

    Iron → Thyroid volume source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence
    exposure
    Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements.
    limitations
    Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Adding iron improved the response to the same amount of iodine in this trial.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1230–1242

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-dual-salt-volume Mean thyroid-volume reduction at 40 weeks was 38% with dual iron–iodine salt versus 18% with iodine-only salt (P<0.01). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding iron improved the response to the same amount of iodine in this trial. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices experimental_model: Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence limitations: Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials. exposure: Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. At 20 weeks, thyroid volume fell 22.8 ± 10.7% with iron treatment versus 12.7 ± 10.1% with placebo in children already using iodized salt (P<0.01).

    Iron → Thyroid volume source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire
    exposure
    All consumed iodized salt providing 10–30 mg iodine/kg salt at household level; iron group received 60 mg elemental Fe/day, four days/week for 16 weeks; outcomes followed to 20 weeks.
    limitations
    This tests iron treatment on a background of iodine supply. It does not directly measure TPO activity or prove that iron deficiency always prevents iodine response. Specific iron-supplement salt not verified from abstract.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Correcting iron deficiency improved the thyroid-size response while iodine was supplied.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-hess2002] Treatment of iron deficiency in goitrous children improves the efficacy of iodized salt in Côte d'Ivoire. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916762/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.743
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid ultrasound and blood thyroid indices
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1202–1214

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-iron-salt-volume At 20 weeks, thyroid volume fell 22.8 ± 10.7% with iron treatment versus 12.7 ± 10.1% with placebo in children already using iodized salt (P<0.01). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Correcting iron deficiency improved the thyroid-size response while iodine was supplied. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid ultrasound and blood thyroid indices experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire limitations: This tests iron treatment on a background of iodine supply. It does not directly measure TPO activity or prove that iron deficiency always prevents iodine response. Specific iron-supplement salt not verified from abstract. exposure: All consumed iodized salt providing 10–30 mg iodine/kg salt at household level; iron group received 60 mg elemental Fe/day, four days/week for 16 weeks; outcomes followed to 20 weeks. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-hess2002] Treatment of iron deficiency in goitrous children improves the efficacy of iodized salt in Côte d'Ivoire. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916762/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.743
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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