Component

Thyroid volume

Independent biological entity. Read linked claims for experimental scope and context.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Mean thyroid-volume reduction at 40 weeks was 38% with dual iron–iodine salt versus 18% with iodine-only salt (P<0.01).

    Iron → Thyroid volume source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence
    exposure
    Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements.
    limitations
    Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Adding iron improved the response to the same amount of iodine in this trial.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1230–1242

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-dual-salt-volume Mean thyroid-volume reduction at 40 weeks was 38% with dual iron–iodine salt versus 18% with iodine-only salt (P<0.01). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding iron improved the response to the same amount of iodine in this trial. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid volume, circulating thyroxine and iron indices experimental_model: Nine-month randomized double-blind controlled trial in 377 goitrous children aged 6–15 with high anemia prevalence limitations: Clinical intervention and thyroid endpoints do not identify the exact iron-dependent step. Iodized-salt-only participants also improved. Related publications from this cohort are not independent trials. exposure: Iodized salt 25 micrograms iodine/g versus dual-fortified salt with the same iodine plus 1 mg iron/g as microencapsulated ferrous sulfate; 40-week measurements. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-zimmer2002] Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12457449/ DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470747
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. At 20 weeks, thyroid volume fell 22.8 ± 10.7% with iron treatment versus 12.7 ± 10.1% with placebo in children already using iodized salt (P<0.01).

    Iron → Thyroid volume source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary indexed abstract.
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire
    exposure
    All consumed iodized salt providing 10–30 mg iodine/kg salt at household level; iron group received 60 mg elemental Fe/day, four days/week for 16 weeks; outcomes followed to 20 weeks.
    limitations
    This tests iron treatment on a background of iodine supply. It does not directly measure TPO activity or prove that iron deficiency always prevents iodine response. Specific iron-supplement salt not verified from abstract.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Correcting iron deficiency improved the thyroid-size response while iodine was supplied.
    primary_references
    [iod-clin-hess2002] Treatment of iron deficiency in goitrous children improves the efficacy of iodized salt in Côte d'Ivoire. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916762/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.743
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid ultrasound and blood thyroid indices
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1202–1214

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iod-clin-iron-salt-volume At 20 weeks, thyroid volume fell 22.8 ± 10.7% with iron treatment versus 12.7 ± 10.1% with placebo in children already using iodized salt (P<0.01). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Correcting iron deficiency improved the thyroid-size response while iodine was supplied. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid ultrasound and blood thyroid indices experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 166 goitrous iron-deficient children aged 5–14 in Côte d’Ivoire limitations: This tests iron treatment on a background of iodine supply. It does not directly measure TPO activity or prove that iron deficiency always prevents iodine response. Specific iron-supplement salt not verified from abstract. exposure: All consumed iodized salt providing 10–30 mg iodine/kg salt at household level; iron group received 60 mg elemental Fe/day, four days/week for 16 weeks; outcomes followed to 20 weeks. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary indexed abstract. [iod-clin-hess2002] Treatment of iron deficiency in goitrous children improves the efficacy of iodized salt in Côte d'Ivoire. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916762/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.743
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Thyroid volume and thyroglobulin decreased with vitamin A alone; total T4 showed no significant treatment-interaction effect.

    All-trans-retinyl palmitate → Thyroid volume source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Same trial.
    limitations
    Iodine treatment remained effective; nutrient roles are not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Reduced thyroid enlargement did not establish a universal rise in thyroid hormone.
    primary_references
    [va-zimmermann2007-iodine] Vitamin A supplementation in iodine-deficient African children decreases thyrotropin stimulation of the thyroid and reduces the goiter rate (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17921382/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1040
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1590–1599

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### va-iodine-context-thyroid-volume Thyroid volume and thyroglobulin decreased with vitamin A alone; total T4 showed no significant treatment-interaction effect. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reduced thyroid enlargement did not establish a universal rise in thyroid hormone. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid experimental_model: Same trial. limitations: Iodine treatment remained effective; nutrient roles are not interchangeable. [va-zimmermann2007-iodine] Vitamin A supplementation in iodine-deficient African children decreases thyrotropin stimulation of the thyroid and reduces the goiter rate (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17921382/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1040
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards