Component

10-Gingerol

Experimental species, exposure and limitations are retained on each claim.

8 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. 10-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation.

    10-Gingerol → Human 5-HT3 receptor preparation in HEK293 membranes source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Gingerols with tritiated GR65630; exact concentration range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Equilibrium assay; duration not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations
    limitations
    Failure to displace this radioligand supports a distinct mechanism but does not locate an allosteric site.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations
    plain_language
    10-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    In vitro competition binding
    tissue
    Receptor preparation

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 129–138

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-5ht3-binding-null 10-Gingerol did not displace GR65630 from the human 5-HT3 receptor preparation. Model/species: Human 5-HT3 receptors in HEK293 membrane preparations Tissue: Receptor preparation Exposure: Gingerols with tritiated GR65630; exact concentration range not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro competition binding Duration: Equilibrium assay; duration not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Failure to displace this radioligand supports a distinct mechanism but does not locate an allosteric site. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. 10-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells.

    10-Gingerol → Mouse 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Concentration-dependent gingerol application; exact range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells
    limitations
    Cation flux is a functional assay, not a demonstrated orthosteric binding site or clinical antiemetic response.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells
    plain_language
    10-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    In vitro addition
    tissue
    Native 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 118–127

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-5ht3-flux 10-Gingerol inhibited 5-HT3-mediated cation influx in N1E-115 cells. Model/species: Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells Tissue: Native 5-HT3 receptor-channel complex Exposure: Concentration-dependent gingerol application; exact range not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Cation flux is a functional assay, not a demonstrated orthosteric binding site or clinical antiemetic response. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. 10-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum.

    10-Gingerol → 5-HT3-agonist-induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Gingerols with selective 5-HT3 agonist SR57227A; exact range not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Isolated guinea-pig ileum
    limitations
    Muscarinic and substance-P-dependent downstream effects may contribute; no human antiemetic efficacy is measured.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Isolated guinea-pig ileum
    plain_language
    10-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum.
    primary_references
    Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
    route
    Ex vivo addition
    tissue
    Intestinal smooth muscle preparation

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 140–149

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated guinea-pig ileum · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-ileum 10-Gingerol reduced contractions elicited by the selective 5-HT3 agonist in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Model/species: Isolated guinea-pig ileum Tissue: Intestinal smooth muscle preparation Exposure: Gingerols with selective 5-HT3 agonist SR57227A; exact range not in accessed abstract Route: Ex vivo addition Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: Muscarinic and substance-P-dependent downstream effects may contribute; no human antiemetic efficacy is measured. Primary reference: Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT3 receptors: binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364290/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Adding 10-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils.

    10-Gingerol → NET formation by human neutrophils source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual gingerols 10 micromolar with RNP/anti-RNP immune complexes 10 micrograms/mL
    duration
    3 h
    evidence_access
    Primary open full text, results, figure legends and methods, plus PubMed metadata.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors
    limitations
    Selected disease-relevant stimulus in isolated cells; not established treatment of lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors
    plain_language
    Adding 10-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils.
    primary_references
    Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373329/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385
    route
    Ex vivo co-incubation
    tissue
    Human neutrophils

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 437–446

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-netosis Adding 10-gingerol suppressed RNP-immune-complex-induced NET formation by human neutrophils. Model/species: Neutrophils isolated from healthy human donors Tissue: Human neutrophils Exposure: Individual gingerols 10 micromolar with RNP/anti-RNP immune complexes 10 micrograms/mL Route: Ex vivo co-incubation Duration: 3 h Limits: Selected disease-relevant stimulus in isolated cells; not established treatment of lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome. Primary reference: Antineutrophil properties of natural gingerols in models of lupus. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373329/ DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138385 Access: Primary open full text, results, figure legends and methods, plus PubMed metadata.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.

    10-Gingerol → 10-Gingerol 5-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    limitations
    UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    plain_language
    Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.
    primary_references
    Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351
    route
    In vitro incubation
    tissue
    Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 338–347

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-ugt1a9 Human UGT1A9 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 5-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison. Model/species: Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes Tissue: Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations Exposure: Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro incubation Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people. Primary reference: Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.

    10-Gingerol → 10-Gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract
    duration
    Not specified in accessed abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    limitations
    UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes
    plain_language
    Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison.
    primary_references
    Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351
    route
    In vitro incubation
    tissue
    Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 327–336

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-ugt2b7 Human UGT2B7 was a principal contributor to 10-gingerol 4-prime-O-glucuronide formation in the enzyme comparison. Model/species: Human liver microsomes and expressed human UGT enzymes Tissue: Hepatic and recombinant enzyme preparations Exposure: Individual 6-, 8- or 10-gingerol with UDP-glucuronic acid; exact concentration series not in accessed abstract Route: In vitro incubation Duration: Not specified in accessed abstract Limits: UGT2B7 favors but is not exclusive to 4-prime conjugation; UGT1A9 mainly forms 5-O conjugates. Shared UGT substrates do not prove competition in people. Primary reference: Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25496264/ DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Free 10-gingerol peaked at 9.5 +/- 2.2 ng/mL approximately one hour after ginger extract ingestion.

    Ginger extract in the 2011 human pharmacokinetic study → Unconjugated 10-gingerol in human plasma source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Ginger extract 2 g; LC-MS/MS lower quantification limit 2-5 ng/mL
    duration
    Sampling 0.25-24 h for parent analytes
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers
    limitations
    Food/product and analytical sensitivity differ from the 2008 study. Non-detection is not proof of zero absorption.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers
    plain_language
    Free 10-gingerol peaked at 9.5 +/- 2.2 ng/mL approximately one hour after ginger extract ingestion.
    primary_references
    Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21638149/ DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9286-5
    route
    Oral mixed ginger extract
    tissue
    Plasma

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 404–413

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-human-free Free 10-gingerol peaked at 9.5 +/- 2.2 ng/mL approximately one hour after ginger extract ingestion. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers Tissue: Plasma Exposure: Ginger extract 2 g; LC-MS/MS lower quantification limit 2-5 ng/mL Route: Oral mixed ginger extract Duration: Sampling 0.25-24 h for parent analytes Limits: Food/product and analytical sensitivity differ from the 2008 study. Non-detection is not proof of zero absorption. Primary reference: Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21638149/ DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9286-5 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. After oral ginger, plasma 10-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 10-gingerol was not detected in this study.

    Ginger preparation in the 2008 human pharmacokinetic study → 10-Gingerol plasma glucuronides, attachment position unresolved source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Single ginger-product dose 100 mg to 2 g
    duration
    Blood sampling 15 min to 72 h
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    27 healthy human volunteers
    limitations
    Conjugates assessed after hydrolysis; measured total/conjugated exposure is not free parent concentration or tissue target engagement.
    nutrient_topic
    Gingerols collection; each molecular form and experimental preparation remains explicit. · Gingerols
    organism
    27 healthy human volunteers
    plain_language
    After oral ginger, plasma 10-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 10-gingerol was not detected in this study.
    primary_references
    Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708382/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2934
    route
    Oral mixed ginger product
    tissue
    Plasma

    Gingerols: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 371–380

    Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## gingerols-10-human-glucuronides After oral ginger, plasma 10-gingerol glucuronides were detected through enzymatic hydrolysis; unconjugated 10-gingerol was not detected in this study. Model/species: 27 healthy human volunteers Tissue: Plasma Exposure: Single ginger-product dose 100 mg to 2 g Route: Oral mixed ginger product Duration: Blood sampling 15 min to 72 h Limits: Conjugates assessed after hydrolysis; measured total/conjugated exposure is not free parent concentration or tissue target engagement. Primary reference: Pharmacokinetics of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol and conjugate metabolites in healthy human subjects. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18708382/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2934 Access: Primary PubMed abstract.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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