Component

Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX

Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

11 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. SUOX deficiency was accompanied by increased H2S steady-state levels without upregulation of the known H2S-producing pathways.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → Hydrogen sulfide / H2S source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"}
    experimental_model
    CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays
    exposure
    Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments
    limitations
    Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The sulfur disturbance extends beyond sulfite, but its precise route remains unresolved.
    primary_references
    [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HEK293T cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 703–714

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-h2s SUOX deficiency was accompanied by increased H2S steady-state levels without upregulation of the known H2S-producing pathways. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The sulfur disturbance extends beyond sulfite, but its precise route remains unresolved. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293T cells experimental_model: CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays limitations: Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux. exposure: Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"} [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Human SUOX reduced nitrite to NO at the molybdenum center, with steady-state turnover supported in a sulfite/cytochrome-c system.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → Nitrite / NO2(-) source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31167903.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9fb7f72eba7a1a254ae8e20991ee5d9ecbffc01de2a1dfc5879cf34bdbf98b45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 962, "text_sha256": "9fb7f72eba7a1a254ae8e20991ee5d9ecbffc01de2a1dfc5879cf34bdbf98b45"}
    experimental_model
    Human SUOX kinetics, spectroscopy and electron-transfer variants
    exposure
    Nitrite with sulfite and cytochrome c
    limitations
    Biochemical capacity; contribution to human physiology requires separate evidence.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens protein
    plain_language
    SUOX can perform additional redox chemistry under the tested conditions.
    primary_references
    [mo-p31167903] Mechanism of nitrite-dependent NO synthesis by human sulfite oxidase. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31167903/ DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190143
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified human sulfite oxidase

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1093–1104

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human SUOX kinetics, spectroscopy and electron-transfer variants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-nitrite Human SUOX reduced nitrite to NO at the molybdenum center, with steady-state turnover supported in a sulfite/cytochrome-c system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: SUOX can perform additional redox chemistry under the tested conditions. organism: Homo sapiens protein tissue_or_cell_type: Purified human sulfite oxidase experimental_model: Human SUOX kinetics, spectroscopy and electron-transfer variants limitations: Biochemical capacity; contribution to human physiology requires separate evidence. exposure: Nitrite with sulfite and cytochrome c evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31167903.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9fb7f72eba7a1a254ae8e20991ee5d9ecbffc01de2a1dfc5879cf34bdbf98b45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 962, "text_sha256": "9fb7f72eba7a1a254ae8e20991ee5d9ecbffc01de2a1dfc5879cf34bdbf98b45"} [mo-p31167903] Mechanism of nitrite-dependent NO synthesis by human sulfite oxidase. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31167903/ DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190143
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Electrochemical human SUOX nitrite reduction had a reported Km of 3.5 mM at pH 7; a heme-free variant behaved similarly in that system.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → NO source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/41337830.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4cac9c7485dc06caae98c3fd1d54e64b47290a13869b96bfbee654dafdc2b20c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 826, "text_sha256": "4cac9c7485dc06caae98c3fd1d54e64b47290a13869b96bfbee654dafdc2b20c"}
    experimental_model
    Electrochemically driven human SUOX nitrite-reductase assays
    exposure
    Benzyl-viologen mediator; pH-dependent assays
    limitations
    Artificial electron mediator and millimolar substrate affinity; physiological NO flux is not established.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens protein
    plain_language
    The laboratory reaction does not require every component used in the normal cellular pathway.
    primary_references
    [mo-p41337830] An electrochemical perspective on human sulfite oxidase as a potential nitrite reductase. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41337830/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2025.113159
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified enzyme on electrochemical system

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1106–1117

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Electrochemically driven human SUOX nitrite-reductase assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-nitrite-electrochemical Electrochemical human SUOX nitrite reduction had a reported Km of 3.5 mM at pH 7; a heme-free variant behaved similarly in that system. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The laboratory reaction does not require every component used in the normal cellular pathway. organism: Homo sapiens protein tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme on electrochemical system experimental_model: Electrochemically driven human SUOX nitrite-reductase assays limitations: Artificial electron mediator and millimolar substrate affinity; physiological NO flux is not established. exposure: Benzyl-viologen mediator; pH-dependent assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/41337830.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "4cac9c7485dc06caae98c3fd1d54e64b47290a13869b96bfbee654dafdc2b20c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 826, "text_sha256": "4cac9c7485dc06caae98c3fd1d54e64b47290a13869b96bfbee654dafdc2b20c"} [mo-p41337830] An electrochemical perspective on human sulfite oxidase as a potential nitrite reductase. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41337830/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2025.113159
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. SUOX-deficient cells accumulated persulfidated glutathione and cysteine.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → Glutathione persulfide / GSSH source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"}
    experimental_model
    CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays
    exposure
    Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments
    limitations
    Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Glutathione and cysteine sulfur chemistry also changed.
    primary_references
    [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HEK293T cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 716–727

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-persulfides SUOX-deficient cells accumulated persulfidated glutathione and cysteine. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione and cysteine sulfur chemistry also changed. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293T cells experimental_model: CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays limitations: Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux. exposure: Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"} [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Human sulfite oxidase converts sulfite to sulfate in the terminal oxidative step of cysteine catabolism.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → Sulfite / SO3(2-) source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31127934.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1649, "text_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de"}
    experimental_model
    Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays
    exposure
    G362S versus WT protein; Moco reconstitution and molybdate supplementation in culture
    limitations
    One genotype; in-vitro molybdate rescue is not demonstrated clinical treatment for all SUOX defects.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    SUOX clears sulfite by changing it into sulfate.
    primary_references
    [mo-p31127934] Impaired mitochondrial maturation of sulfite oxidase in a patient with severe sulfite oxidase deficiency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127934/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz109
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial intermembrane space; patient fibroblasts

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 586–597

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-reaction Human sulfite oxidase converts sulfite to sulfate in the terminal oxidative step of cysteine catabolism. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: SUOX clears sulfite by changing it into sulfate. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial intermembrane space; patient fibroblasts experimental_model: Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays limitations: One genotype; in-vitro molybdate rescue is not demonstrated clinical treatment for all SUOX defects. exposure: G362S versus WT protein; Moco reconstitution and molybdate supplementation in culture evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31127934.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1649, "text_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de"} [mo-p31127934] Impaired mitochondrial maturation of sulfite oxidase in a patient with severe sulfite oxidase deficiency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127934/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz109
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. The sulfite-accumulating cells had increased SQOR protein levels.

    Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX → Human sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase / SQOR source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"}
    experimental_model
    CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays
    exposure
    Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments
    limitations
    Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A separate sulfur-oxidation enzyme responded to the disturbance.
    primary_references
    [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HEK293T cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 729–740

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-sqor The sulfite-accumulating cells had increased SQOR protein levels. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A separate sulfur-oxidation enzyme responded to the disturbance. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293T cells experimental_model: CRISPR SUOX/GOT1/GOT2 perturbations and sulfur-metabolite assays limitations: Cell-specific contributions; a higher concentration is not a direct measurement of pathway flux. exposure: Cysteine-sulfinate and H2S pathway experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/33271457.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1479, "text_sha256": "619710a31160db0927e01193e458277773ebe5e5423629e7dab58888ab6bc617"} [mo-p33271457] The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H<sub>2</sub>S metabolism. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271457/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. SUOX sulfite oxidation depends on Moco at the catalytic site and a separate heme cofactor.

    Molybdenum cofactor / Moco → Human sulfite oxidase / SUOX source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31127934.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1649, "text_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de"}
    experimental_model
    Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays
    exposure
    G362S versus WT protein; Moco reconstitution and molybdate supplementation in culture
    limitations
    One genotype; in-vitro molybdate rescue is not demonstrated clinical treatment for all SUOX defects.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Molybdenum and iron-containing heme perform different jobs within this enzyme.
    primary_references
    [mo-p31127934] Impaired mitochondrial maturation of sulfite oxidase in a patient with severe sulfite oxidase deficiency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127934/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz109
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial intermembrane space; patient fibroblasts

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 599–610

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-cofactors SUOX sulfite oxidation depends on Moco at the catalytic site and a separate heme cofactor. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Molybdenum and iron-containing heme perform different jobs within this enzyme. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial intermembrane space; patient fibroblasts experimental_model: Human SUOX Gly362Ser patient fibroblasts and recombinant enzyme maturation assays limitations: One genotype; in-vitro molybdate rescue is not demonstrated clinical treatment for all SUOX defects. exposure: G362S versus WT protein; Moco reconstitution and molybdate supplementation in culture evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/31127934.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1649, "text_sha256": "d0efd64e9cde371d0223d63607f5f6b76aada3a628c526f915d9b306c9bef7de"} [mo-p31127934] Impaired mitochondrial maturation of sulfite oxidase in a patient with severe sulfite oxidase deficiency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31127934/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz109
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. SUOX dimerization did not occur in the absence of Moco and followed cofactor insertion.

    Molybdenum cofactor / Moco → Sulfite oxidase homodimerization source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"}
    experimental_model
    Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments
    exposure
    Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco
    limitations
    Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Mammalian/human cell models
    plain_language
    The enzyme also needs cofactor loading before assembling its mature pair.
    primary_references
    [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 664–675

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-dimer-order SUOX dimerization did not occur in the absence of Moco and followed cofactor insertion. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The enzyme also needs cofactor loading before assembling its mature pair. organism: Mammalian/human cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol experimental_model: Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments limitations: Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs. exposure: Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"} [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Heme binding occurred only after Moco integration in the studied SUOX maturation pathway.

    Molybdenum cofactor / Moco → Sulfite oxidase heme loading source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"}
    experimental_model
    Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments
    exposure
    Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco
    limitations
    Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Mammalian/human cell models
    plain_language
    Iron-containing heme is loaded after the molybdenum cofactor.
    primary_references
    [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 651–662

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-heme-order Heme binding occurred only after Moco integration in the studied SUOX maturation pathway. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iron-containing heme is loaded after the molybdenum cofactor. organism: Mammalian/human cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol experimental_model: Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments limitations: Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs. exposure: Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"} [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Moco binding was required for mitochondrial trapping and retention of processed sulfite oxidase.

    Molybdenum cofactor / Moco → Mitochondrial retention of sulfite oxidase source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"}
    experimental_model
    Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments
    exposure
    Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco
    limitations
    Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Mammalian/human cell models
    plain_language
    The cofactor helps keep SUOX in the compartment where it works.
    primary_references
    [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 638–649

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-suox-moco-trap Moco binding was required for mitochondrial trapping and retention of processed sulfite oxidase. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cofactor helps keep SUOX in the compartment where it works. organism: Mammalian/human cell models tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytosol experimental_model: Mammalian sulfite-oxidase targeting, cofactor depletion and maturation experiments limitations: Sequential maturation in the studied models; not a universal ranking of nutrient needs. exposure: Targeting-sequence constructs and absence of Moco evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/22854042.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1268, "text_sha256": "01970920183b87fde6830ca30d612aff75fc4b1a30672a3b9cc2f0c408294884"} [mo-p22854042] Cofactor-dependent maturation of mammalian sulfite oxidase links two mitochondrial import pathways. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22854042/ DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110114
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The prolonged-TPN case developed amino-acid intolerance with high plasma methionine, high urinary sulfite/thiosulfate and low urinary sulfate.

    Molybdenum → Amino-acid intolerance during parenteral nutrition source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/6795919.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d2838a46a598539818059c1a1f8295e283334afced15326a6b5ba1a6104cbfd7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1820, "text_sha256": "d2838a46a598539818059c1a1f8295e283334afced15326a6b5ba1a6104cbfd7"}
    experimental_model
    Single case during prolonged total parenteral nutrition
    exposure
    Prolonged parenteral nutrition followed by ammonium molybdate
    limitations
    Rare single case. The paper reports 300 micrograms/day ammonium molybdate, not 300 micrograms elemental molybdenum. Historical observation, not a general regimen.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The sulfur-handling pathway stalled when molybdenum supply was inadequate.
    primary_references
    [mo-p6795919] Amino acid intolerance during prolonged total parenteral nutrition reversed by molybdate therapy. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6795919/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/34.11.2551
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Systemic symptoms; plasma and urine
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1119–1130

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single case during prolonged total parenteral nutrition · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-tpn-sulfur The prolonged-TPN case developed amino-acid intolerance with high plasma methionine, high urinary sulfite/thiosulfate and low urinary sulfate. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The sulfur-handling pathway stalled when molybdenum supply was inadequate. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Systemic symptoms; plasma and urine experimental_model: Single case during prolonged total parenteral nutrition limitations: Rare single case. The paper reports 300 micrograms/day ammonium molybdate, not 300 micrograms elemental molybdenum. Historical observation, not a general regimen. exposure: Prolonged parenteral nutrition followed by ammonium molybdate evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/6795919.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d2838a46a598539818059c1a1f8295e283334afced15326a6b5ba1a6104cbfd7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1820, "text_sha256": "d2838a46a598539818059c1a1f8295e283334afced15326a6b5ba1a6104cbfd7"} [mo-p6795919] Amino acid intolerance during prolonged total parenteral nutrition reversed by molybdate therapy. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6795919/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/34.11.2551
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards