Component

Parathyroid hormone secretion

Independent biological entity. Read linked claims for experimental scope and context.

7 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. In bovine parathyroid slices, extracellular Mg and Ca inhibited PTH release additively, but Mg was less potent on a molar basis.

    Mg2+ → Parathyroid hormone secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> PTH -> calcium
    experimental_model
    Graded extracellular cations in cultured bovine parathyroid slices
    limitations
    Potency depends on concentrations and preparation; no general human replacement ratio follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Bos taurus
    plain_language
    Both ions can signal the gland to release less PTH; calcium and magnesium are not interchangeable inputs.
    primary_references
    [habener-1976-pth-synthesis-secretion] Relative effectiveness of magnesium and calcium on the secretion and biosynthesis of parathyroid hormone in vitro (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1248443/ DOI: 10.1210/endo-98-1-197
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Parathyroid gland

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 253–263

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Graded extracellular cations in cultured bovine parathyroid slices · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mg-ca-differential-pth-secretory-potency In bovine parathyroid slices, extracellular Mg and Ca inhibited PTH release additively, but Mg was less potent on a molar basis. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Both ions can signal the gland to release less PTH; calcium and magnesium are not interchangeable inputs. organism: Bos taurus tissue_or_cell_type: Parathyroid gland experimental_model: Graded extracellular cations in cultured bovine parathyroid slices limitations: Potency depends on concentrations and preparation; no general human replacement ratio follows. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [habener-1976-pth-synthesis-secretion] Relative effectiveness of magnesium and calcium on the secretion and biosynthesis of parathyroid hormone in vitro (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1248443/ DOI: 10.1210/endo-98-1-197
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. In intact rat glands, raising Mg from 0.5 to 2 mM suppressed PTH most clearly at moderately low Ca; suppression was small or absent at normal-high Ca and diminished again at very low Ca.

    Mg2+ → Parathyroid hormone secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> PTH -> calcium
    experimental_model
    Intact rat parathyroid glands in graded Ca/Mg media
    limitations
    An ex-vivo concentration response, not a human threshold; very high 5 mM Mg produced broader suppression.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    plain_language
    How much extra Mg reduces PTH depends on the calcium signal already reaching the gland.
    primary_references
    [rodriguez-ortiz-2014-pth-context] Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium concentration (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24103811/ DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft400
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Parathyroid gland

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 277–287

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Intact rat parathyroid glands in graded Ca/Mg media · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mg-pth-inhibition-depends-on-calcium In intact rat glands, raising Mg from 0.5 to 2 mM suppressed PTH most clearly at moderately low Ca; suppression was small or absent at normal-high Ca and diminished again at very low Ca. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: How much extra Mg reduces PTH depends on the calcium signal already reaching the gland. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Parathyroid gland experimental_model: Intact rat parathyroid glands in graded Ca/Mg media limitations: An ex-vivo concentration response, not a human threshold; very high 5 mM Mg produced broader suppression. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rodriguez-ortiz-2014-pth-context] Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium concentration (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24103811/ DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft400
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Pertussis-toxin pretreatment abolished the suppression of PTH release by low Mg in the parathyroid-cell assay.

    Pertussis toxin → Parathyroid hormone secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> CaSR/PTH -> calcium
    experimental_model
    Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue
    limitations
    Pharmacologic pathway probe, not evidence for toxin use in patients; no full in-vivo chain tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Blocking Gi/o signaling removed the low-Mg secretory brake, placing these signaling proteins in the experimental pathway.
    primary_references
    [quitterer-2001-magnesium-paradox] Paradoxical block of parathormone secretion is mediated by increased activity of G alpha subunits (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11102444/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007727200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Parathyroid cells in vitro
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 445–455

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pertussis-toxin-removes-low-mg-pth-block Pertussis-toxin pretreatment abolished the suppression of PTH release by low Mg in the parathyroid-cell assay. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Blocking Gi/o signaling removed the low-Mg secretory brake, placing these signaling proteins in the experimental pathway. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Parathyroid cells in vitro experimental_model: Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue limitations: Pharmacologic pathway probe, not evidence for toxin use in patients; no full in-vivo chain tested. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> CaSR/PTH -> calcium [quitterer-2001-magnesium-paradox] Paradoxical block of parathormone secretion is mediated by increased activity of G alpha subunits (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11102444/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007727200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Lowering extracellular Mg to 0.1 mM suppressed PTH release from dispersed human parathyroid cells in the tested media.

    Mg2+ → Parathyroid hormone secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> CaSR/PTH -> calcium
    experimental_model
    Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue
    limitations
    Experiment used hyperparathyroid tissue; culture concentrations are not clinical deficiency cutoffs.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    At very low Mg, the gland cells released less PTH even though simple loss of an inhibitory extracellular ion might predict more release.
    primary_references
    [quitterer-2001-magnesium-paradox] Paradoxical block of parathormone secretion is mediated by increased activity of G alpha subunits (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11102444/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007727200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Parathyroid cells in vitro
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 409–419

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### very-low-mg-suppresses-pth-in-human-cells Lowering extracellular Mg to 0.1 mM suppressed PTH release from dispersed human parathyroid cells in the tested media. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: At very low Mg, the gland cells released less PTH even though simple loss of an inhibitory extracellular ion might predict more release. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Parathyroid cells in vitro experimental_model: Dispersed human parathyroid cells from hyperparathyroid tissue limitations: Experiment used hyperparathyroid tissue; culture concentrations are not clinical deficiency cutoffs. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> CaSR/PTH -> calcium [quitterer-2001-magnesium-paradox] Paradoxical block of parathormone secretion is mediated by increased activity of G alpha subunits (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11102444/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007727200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. CaSR potentiation by NPS R-568 strengthens extracellular-calcium-mediated inhibition of PTH secretion in bovine parathyroid cells.

    Calcium-sensing receptor / CaSR → Parathyroid hormone secretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Bovine parathyroid cells and human CaSR-expressing HEK293 cells
    limitations
    Pharmacological cell experiment; potentiation required extracellular calcium.
    nutrient_topic
    Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
    organism
    Bos taurus
    plain_language
    Greater calcium-sensor activation reduces hormone release.
    primary_references
    [nemeth1998] Calcimimetics with potent and selective activity on the parathyroid calcium receptor (1998). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC19959/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.4040
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Parathyroid cells

    Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 25–34

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Bovine parathyroid cells and human CaSR-expressing HEK293 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### casr-calcium-pth-suppression CaSR potentiation by NPS R-568 strengthens extracellular-calcium-mediated inhibition of PTH secretion in bovine parathyroid cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Greater calcium-sensor activation reduces hormone release. organism: Bos taurus tissue_or_cell_type: Parathyroid cells experimental_model: Bovine parathyroid cells and human CaSR-expressing HEK293 cells limitations: Pharmacological cell experiment; potentiation required extracellular calcium. [nemeth1998] Calcimimetics with potent and selective activity on the parathyroid calcium receptor (1998). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC19959/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.4040
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Acute Mg administration increased circulating immunoreactive PTH within one minute in the three tested Mg-deficient patients.

    Magnesium → Serum PTH concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> PTH -> calcium
    experimental_model
    Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study
    limitations
    Three infusion experiments; timing supports but does not directly visualize secretory machinery.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The fast hormone rise supports release of stored PTH after Mg restoration, rather than requiring new hormone synthesis first.
    primary_references
    [rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 313–323

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mg-repletion-rapidly-releases-pth Acute Mg administration increased circulating immunoreactive PTH within one minute in the three tested Mg-deficient patients. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The fast hormone rise supports release of stored PTH after Mg restoration, rather than requiring new hormone synthesis first. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood; parathyroid-kidney axis experimental_model: Human hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia clinical study limitations: Three infusion experiments; timing supports but does not directly visualize secretory machinery. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium [rude-1976-human-pth-resistance] Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in human magnesium deficiency (1976). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/182417/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. A child with primary hypomagnesemia retained calcemic and renal phosphate/cAMP responses to parathyroid extract during Mg depletion despite impaired endogenous PTH secretion.

    Parathyroid hormone / PTH → Serum calcium concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    magnesium -> PTH -> calcium/phosphate
    experimental_model
    Single-child Mg withdrawal/repletion with hormone challenge
    limitations
    Single case; shows PTH resistance is not obligatory. Primary hypomagnesemia was not genetically assigned in this study.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    In this child the main failure was releasing the hormone; tissues could still respond when hormone was provided.
    primary_references
    [suh-1973-preserved-pth-response] Pathogenesis of Hypocalcemia in Primary Hypomagnesemia: Normal End-Organ Responsiveness to Parathyroid Hormone, Impaired Parathyroid Gland Function (1973). https://www.jci.org/articles/view/107159 DOI: 10.1172/JCI107159
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Blood and kidney
    trigger_kind
    nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 397–407

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-child Mg withdrawal/repletion with hormone challenge · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### primary-hypomagnesemia-can-preserve-pth-response A child with primary hypomagnesemia retained calcemic and renal phosphate/cAMP responses to parathyroid extract during Mg depletion despite impaired endogenous PTH secretion. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In this child the main failure was releasing the hormone; tissues could still respond when hormone was provided. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and kidney experimental_model: Single-child Mg withdrawal/repletion with hormone challenge limitations: Single case; shows PTH resistance is not obligatory. Primary hypomagnesemia was not genetically assigned in this study. cross_nutrient: magnesium -> PTH -> calcium/phosphate [suh-1973-preserved-pth-response] Pathogenesis of Hypocalcemia in Primary Hypomagnesemia: Normal End-Organ Responsiveness to Parathyroid Hormone, Impaired Parathyroid Gland Function (1973). https://www.jci.org/articles/view/107159 DOI: 10.1172/JCI107159
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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