Oat mixed-linkage beta-(1->3)/(1->4)-glucan

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Murine tumour models with selective bacterial expansion and metabolomics, plus a human cohort and a human intervention study

exposure

Oat beta-glucan with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in mice, and oat beta-glucan supplementation in people

limitations

The causal efficacy claim is demonstrated in mice. The human components are a correlation in a colorectal cancer cohort and an intervention study reporting safety and metabolite change, so no anticancer benefit in people is established here.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Mouse

plain_language

The cereal glucan never touches the tumour; it feeds a gut bacterium whose products wake the cells that do.

primary_references

[bg-p42214334] Oat-β-glucan potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy through Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42214334/ DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.05.002

tissue_or_cell_type

Gut microbiota and tumour microenvironment

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 658–669

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Murine tumour models with selective bacterial expansion and metabolomics, plus a human cohort and a human intervention study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-a-cereal-glucan-reaches-immunity Oat-beta-glucan enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in murine models by selectively expanding Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, combining anti-PD-1 with either oat-beta-glucan or F. prausnitzii boosts intratumoral dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxic activation compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, metabolomics identifies F. prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid as key mediators with butyrate activating dendritic cells via the HDAC8, H3K27ac and NF-kappa-B p65 pathway, in a colorectal cancer cohort undergoing anti-PD-1 treatment higher baseline F. prausnitzii abundance and elevated plasma butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid correlate with improved responses, and a human intervention study confirms oat-beta-glucan safety, its ability to increase butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid, and its capacity to modulate F. prausnitzii. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The cereal glucan never touches the tumour; it feeds a gut bacterium whose products wake the cells that do. organism: Mouse tissue_or_cell_type: Gut microbiota and tumour microenvironment experimental_model: Murine tumour models with selective bacterial expansion and metabolomics, plus a human cohort and a human intervention study limitations: The causal efficacy claim is demonstrated in mice. The human components are a correlation in a colorectal cancer cohort and an intervention study reporting safety and metabolite change, so no anticancer benefit in people is established here. exposure: Oat beta-glucan with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in mice, and oat beta-glucan supplementation in people evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/42214334.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1e145fb1c4163d9e0cd10a4055b68fa47de521dcf19d25253d42fc9c971d56ba", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1310, "text_sha256": "1e145fb1c4163d9e0cd10a4055b68fa47de521dcf19d25253d42fc9c971d56ba"} [bg-p42214334] Oat-β-glucan potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy through Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42214334/ DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.05.002

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/41726114.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "22ad4a8c479116e3d7130ddcda6f561239dc9b2048d52e29279e48bac6799a3e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1617, "text_sha256": "22ad4a8c479116e3d7130ddcda6f561239dc9b2048d52e29279e48bac6799a3e"}

experimental_model

European Food Safety Authority assessment of 16 human intervention studies for a new health claim

exposure

Oat beta-glucans consumed as part of foods or meals rich in available carbohydrates

limitations

A regulatory opinion that weighs an evidence base and sets conditions of use. Authorisation is a separate legal step, and the claim applies only under the stated conditions.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

A regulator accepted the effect on the glucose peak, and attached an exact amount and an exact kind of meal to it.

primary_references

[bg-p41726114] Oat beta-glucans and reduction of postprandial glucose peak: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41726114/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2026.9942

tissue_or_cell_type

Postprandial circulation

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 606–617

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · European Food Safety Authority assessment of 16 human intervention studies for a new health claim · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-a-claim-with-conditions Most of the 16 human intervention studies considered pertinent for the scientific substantiation of the claim showed that oat beta-glucans reduce postprandial blood glucose peaks when consumed as part of foods or meals rich in available carbohydrates, the Panel also took into account that oat beta-glucans did not increase postprandial glycaemic or insulinaemic responses and that the mechanism by which consumption could exert the claimed effect is well established, and the Panel concludes that a cause-and-effect relationship has been established, with foods or meals required to contain at least 30 grams of available carbohydrates per portion and at least 3 grams of beta-glucans from oats for each 30 grams of available carbohydrates in order to bear the claim. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: A regulator accepted the effect on the glucose peak, and attached an exact amount and an exact kind of meal to it. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Postprandial circulation experimental_model: European Food Safety Authority assessment of 16 human intervention studies for a new health claim limitations: A regulatory opinion that weighs an evidence base and sets conditions of use. Authorisation is a separate legal step, and the claim applies only under the stated conditions. exposure: Oat beta-glucans consumed as part of foods or meals rich in available carbohydrates evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/41726114.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "22ad4a8c479116e3d7130ddcda6f561239dc9b2048d52e29279e48bac6799a3e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1617, "text_sha256": "22ad4a8c479116e3d7130ddcda6f561239dc9b2048d52e29279e48bac6799a3e"} [bg-p41726114] Oat beta-glucans and reduction of postprandial glucose peak: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41726114/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2026.9942

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/33608654.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1872, "text_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7"}

experimental_model

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants

exposure

Oat beta-glucan concentrate or oat bran added to carbohydrate-containing test meals against carbohydrate-matched controls

limitations

Acute meal responses with high certainty of evidence by GRADE. The magnitude depends on dose, molecular weight and which control meal is used, so a pooled percentage is not a prediction for any particular food.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

Adding it to a meal takes about a quarter off the glucose rise, but only if the polymer is long enough.

primary_references

[bg-p33608654] The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608654/ DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9

tissue_or_cell_type

Postprandial glucose and insulin

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 567–578

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-acute-glycaemic-response-falls Oat beta-glucan reduced glucose incremental area under the curve and incremental peak rise by 23% and 28% and insulin by 22% and 24% respectively, dose, molecular weight and comparator were significant effect modifiers of glucose incremental area under the curve and peak, significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for all outcomes, oat beta-glucan molecular weight above 300 kg/mol significantly reduced glucose measures whereas molecular weight below 300 kg/mol did not, outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes, and all outcomes had high certainty of evidence. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Adding it to a meal takes about a quarter off the glucose rise, but only if the polymer is long enough. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Postprandial glucose and insulin experimental_model: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants limitations: Acute meal responses with high certainty of evidence by GRADE. The magnitude depends on dose, molecular weight and which control meal is used, so a pooled percentage is not a prediction for any particular food. exposure: Oat beta-glucan concentrate or oat bran added to carbohydrate-containing test meals against carbohydrate-matched controls evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/33608654.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1872, "text_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7"} [bg-p33608654] The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608654/ DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/27724985.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a764416442dac76f7e70e8b6a509b5913693d6a8f7b95cd03beb4567f5b5c9f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1647, "text_sha256": "a764416442dac76f7e70e8b6a509b5913693d6a8f7b95cd03beb4567f5b5c9f3"}

experimental_model

Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 58 randomised controlled trials in 3974 participants

exposure

Diets enriched with oat beta-glucan at a median 3.5 grams per day for at least three weeks

limitations

Considerable unexplained heterogeneity, with I-squared of 79 percent for LDL and 99 percent for non-HDL cholesterol. These are pooled estimates, not the expected effect of any particular product.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

The particle count falls too, not just the cholesterol carried in it.

primary_references

[bg-p27724985] The effect of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27724985/ DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600341x

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipoproteins

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 502–513

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 58 randomised controlled trials in 3974 participants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-apob-and-non-hdl-move-too A median dose of 3.5 grams per day of oat beta-glucan significantly lowered LDL-cholesterol by -0.19 with 95% CI -0.23 to -0.14 mmol/l, non-HDL-cholesterol by -0.20 with 95% CI -0.26 to -0.15 mmol/l and apoB by -0.03 with 95% CI -0.05 to -0.02 g/l compared with control interventions, and there was evidence for considerable unexplained heterogeneity in the analysis of LDL-cholesterol with I-squared of 79% and non-HDL-cholesterol with I-squared of 99%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The particle count falls too, not just the cholesterol carried in it. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipoproteins experimental_model: Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 58 randomised controlled trials in 3974 participants limitations: Considerable unexplained heterogeneity, with I-squared of 79 percent for LDL and 99 percent for non-HDL cholesterol. These are pooled estimates, not the expected effect of any particular product. exposure: Diets enriched with oat beta-glucan at a median 3.5 grams per day for at least three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/27724985.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a764416442dac76f7e70e8b6a509b5913693d6a8f7b95cd03beb4567f5b5c9f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1647, "text_sha256": "a764416442dac76f7e70e8b6a509b5913693d6a8f7b95cd03beb4567f5b5c9f3"} [bg-p27724985] The effect of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27724985/ DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600341x

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/35578615.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "df79afd1ef3d79ffee2a9da5f5f7e487f296cca7e9ccfcda177266b08efed747", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2197, "text_sha256": "df79afd1ef3d79ffee2a9da5f5f7e487f296cca7e9ccfcda177266b08efed747"}

experimental_model

Fixed-sequence crossover intervention with three granolas over three days each

exposure

Granola containing low, medium or high cereal beta-glucan, given in that order

limitations

Fourteen completers, a fixed sequence rather than randomised order, and granolas that differed in other constituents including inulin. Short-chain fatty acids were measured in blood while faecal samples were used for the microbiota.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

Three days of a cereal glucan raised two of the three main fermentation acids in the blood.

primary_references

[bg-p35578615] A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35578615/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362

tissue_or_cell_type

Blood and faecal microbiota

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 645–656

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Fixed-sequence crossover intervention with three granolas over three days each · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-circulating-scfa-rise-with-granola A three-day intervention with granola containing cereal beta-glucan improved the glycemic response and changed the gut microbiota, with circulating acetate and butyrate increasing while propionate did not, in a study in which participants consumed granolas of differing beta-glucan content in fixed sequence and in which the granolas also differed in other constituents. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Three days of a cereal glucan raised two of the three main fermentation acids in the blood. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and faecal microbiota experimental_model: Fixed-sequence crossover intervention with three granolas over three days each limitations: Fourteen completers, a fixed sequence rather than randomised order, and granolas that differed in other constituents including inulin. Short-chain fatty acids were measured in blood while faecal samples were used for the microbiota. exposure: Granola containing low, medium or high cereal beta-glucan, given in that order evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/35578615.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "df79afd1ef3d79ffee2a9da5f5f7e487f296cca7e9ccfcda177266b08efed747", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2197, "text_sha256": "df79afd1ef3d79ffee2a9da5f5f7e487f296cca7e9ccfcda177266b08efed747"} [bg-p35578615] A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35578615/ DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/25411276.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "33075c61a20f22975ba8719b6ef8834ce254f1d4e3ede6ca5d89cd4d81a82b28", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2072, "text_sha256": "33075c61a20f22975ba8719b6ef8834ce254f1d4e3ede6ca5d89cd4d81a82b28"}

experimental_model

Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression of 28 randomised controlled trials at or above 3 grams per day

exposure

Oat beta-glucan at 3.0 to 12.4 grams per day against an appropriate control for 2 to 12 weeks

limitations

A meta-analysis with some indication of heterogeneity. The diabetes subgroup rests on few studies, and in-house study reports from a commercial source were among those searched.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

Three grams a day takes about a quarter of a millimole off the harmful cholesterol and leaves the other lipids alone.

primary_references

[bg-p25411276] Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25411276/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.086108

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum lipids

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 489–500

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression of 28 randomised controlled trials at or above 3 grams per day · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-oat-glucan-lowers-ldl Oat beta-glucan in doses at or above 3 grams per day reduced low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol relative to control by 0.25 mmol/L with 95% CI 0.20 to 0.30 and 0.30 mmol/L with 95% CI 0.24 to 0.35 respectively, there was no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides and no evidence that dose across a range of 3.0 to 12.4 grams per day or duration of treatment from 2 to 12 weeks influenced the results, and LDL cholesterol lowering was significantly greater with higher baseline LDL cholesterol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Three grams a day takes about a quarter of a millimole off the harmful cholesterol and leaves the other lipids alone. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Serum lipids experimental_model: Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression of 28 randomised controlled trials at or above 3 grams per day limitations: A meta-analysis with some indication of heterogeneity. The diabetes subgroup rests on few studies, and in-house study reports from a commercial source were among those searched. exposure: Oat beta-glucan at 3.0 to 12.4 grams per day against an appropriate control for 2 to 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/25411276.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "33075c61a20f22975ba8719b6ef8834ce254f1d4e3ede6ca5d89cd4d81a82b28", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2072, "text_sha256": "33075c61a20f22975ba8719b6ef8834ce254f1d4e3ede6ca5d89cd4d81a82b28"} [bg-p25411276] Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25411276/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.086108

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Randomised double-blind crossover trial in 33 normal-weight subjects with an unrestricted test meal

exposure

A breakfast containing 4 grams of high molecular weight oat beta-glucan against a control breakfast

limitations

An acute crossover in normal-weight subjects. Fullness and satiety rose without any change in what was actually eaten afterwards.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

People felt fuller and ate the same amount, and the gut hormone usually credited for fullness went down, not up.

primary_references

[bg-p29920323] Effects of oat β-glucan consumption at breakfast on ad libitum eating, appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29920323/ DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.019

tissue_or_cell_type

Postprandial circulation and appetite

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 593–604

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised double-blind crossover trial in 33 normal-weight subjects with an unrestricted test meal · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-satiety-rises-but-glp1-falls Oat beta-glucan increased feelings of fullness and satiety but did not affect energy and amount eaten at the ad libitum test meal, and there was a treatment by time interaction for plasma GLP-1, plasma insulin and blood glucose, with GLP-1 significantly reduced at 90 minutes, blood glucose at 30 minutes and plasma insulin at 30 and 60 minutes following the oat beta-glucan breakfast compared with the control breakfast, so four grams of high molecular weight oat beta-glucan lowers appetite but not ad libitum eating and beneficially modulates postprandial glycaemia, it does however not increase plasma GLP-1 secretion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: People felt fuller and ate the same amount, and the gut hormone usually credited for fullness went down, not up. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Postprandial circulation and appetite experimental_model: Randomised double-blind crossover trial in 33 normal-weight subjects with an unrestricted test meal limitations: An acute crossover in normal-weight subjects. Fullness and satiety rose without any change in what was actually eaten afterwards. exposure: A breakfast containing 4 grams of high molecular weight oat beta-glucan against a control breakfast evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/29920323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8038ec81d42b26e4b4892cd24cd0ce26597ba28ef57296a90062428f6ecbceb4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1413, "text_sha256": "8038ec81d42b26e4b4892cd24cd0ce26597ba28ef57296a90062428f6ecbceb4"} [bg-p29920323] Effects of oat β-glucan consumption at breakfast on ad libitum eating, appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29920323/ DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.019

evidence_span

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experimental_model

European Food Safety Authority assessment of three meta-analyses and 19 randomised controlled trials

exposure

Oat beta-glucan at doses of at least 3 grams per day

limitations

A regulatory opinion on a disease-risk-reduction claim. It concerns lowering of LDL cholesterol; the cardiovascular part of the wording is an inference from the lipid change and not a measured event rate in these trials.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

The cholesterol claim cleared the same regulator, at three grams a day.

primary_references

[bg-p42004118] Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to oat beta glucan and lowering blood cholesterol and reduced risk of (coronary) heart disease pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42004118/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1885

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum LDL cholesterol

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 632–643

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · European Food Safety Authority assessment of three meta-analyses and 19 randomised controlled trials · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-the-cholesterol-claim-was-accepted The applicant identified a total of 22 references which included three meta-analyses and 19 randomised controlled trials as being pertinent to the health claim, in weighing the evidence the Panel took into account that most of the trials investigating the effects of oat beta-glucan at doses of at least 3 grams per day have shown a statistically significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol concentrations and that there was strong evidence supporting the biological plausibility of the effect, and the Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of oat beta-glucan and lowering of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations, considering that in order to bear the claim foods should provide at least 3 grams of oat beta-glucan per day. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The cholesterol claim cleared the same regulator, at three grams a day. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Serum LDL cholesterol experimental_model: European Food Safety Authority assessment of three meta-analyses and 19 randomised controlled trials limitations: A regulatory opinion on a disease-risk-reduction claim. It concerns lowering of LDL cholesterol; the cardiovascular part of the wording is an inference from the lipid change and not a measured event rate in these trials. exposure: Oat beta-glucan at doses of at least 3 grams per day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/42004118.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dcfcf120be06e5235e076afd33caa325371eea0a3c56b74b023ea34589e19717", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1690, "text_sha256": "dcfcf120be06e5235e076afd33caa325371eea0a3c56b74b023ea34589e19717"} [bg-p42004118] Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to oat beta glucan and lowering blood cholesterol and reduced risk of (coronary) heart disease pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42004118/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1885

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/22118569.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e1f7121d5a128b1e43ab60ba66394c7ca094617309c976e0b4c8c92ac46b4f23", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1812, "text_sha256": "e1f7121d5a128b1e43ab60ba66394c7ca094617309c976e0b4c8c92ac46b4f23"}

experimental_model

Post-hoc analysis of the same four-week multicentre trial by participant ethnicity

exposure

The same oat beta-glucan molecular weight and dose arms, analysed in Caucasian and non-Caucasian subgroups

limitations

A post-hoc subgroup analysis of a trial designed to answer a different question, and the authors state it was underpowered to detect a difference between the groups.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

The effect showed up in both groups, and the trial was too small to say whether it is bigger in one.

primary_references

[bg-p22118569] Bioactive oat β-glucan reduces LDL cholesterol in Caucasians and non-Caucasians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22118569/ DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-130

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum LDL cholesterol

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 528–539

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Post-hoc analysis of the same four-week multicentre trial by participant ethnicity · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-the-effect-is-not-ethnicity-specific LDL cholesterol after 4 weeks was influenced by baseline LDL cholesterol and treatment but not ethnicity with p = 0.74, in all subjects compared to control the three bioactive arms reduced LDL cholesterol significantly by 4.8 to 6.5% while the 4 gram low molecular weight arm had no effect, and the bioactive oat beta-glucan treatments reduced LDL cholesterol by a combined mean of 0.18 mmol/L or 4.8% in Caucasians, a value not significantly different from the 0.37 mmol/L or 10.3% reduction in non-Caucasians, with insufficient power to determine if the magnitude differed by ethnicity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The effect showed up in both groups, and the trial was too small to say whether it is bigger in one. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Serum LDL cholesterol experimental_model: Post-hoc analysis of the same four-week multicentre trial by participant ethnicity limitations: A post-hoc subgroup analysis of a trial designed to answer a different question, and the authors state it was underpowered to detect a difference between the groups. exposure: The same oat beta-glucan molecular weight and dose arms, analysed in Caucasian and non-Caucasian subgroups evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/22118569.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e1f7121d5a128b1e43ab60ba66394c7ca094617309c976e0b4c8c92ac46b4f23", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1812, "text_sha256": "e1f7121d5a128b1e43ab60ba66394c7ca094617309c976e0b4c8c92ac46b4f23"} [bg-p22118569] Bioactive oat β-glucan reduces LDL cholesterol in Caucasians and non-Caucasians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22118569/ DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-130

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/40980638.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ed76af02ac95b48fc5e1dd7e51a6ba51f54b5ba01a7daa7a01ce57bdd9d68bad", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1864, "text_sha256": "ed76af02ac95b48fc5e1dd7e51a6ba51f54b5ba01a7daa7a01ce57bdd9d68bad"}

experimental_model

European Food Safety Authority assessment of a proposal to halve the dose condition on an existing claim

exposure

Beta-glucans from oat or barley at doses between 2 and less than 4 grams per 30 grams of available carbohydrates

limitations

An assessment of a proposed change to a condition of use, based on 21 studies with 59 trial comparisons plus four published dose-response analyses. A negative conclusion about a proposed lower dose is not a finding that lower doses never act.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

Asked to halve the amount required, the regulator looked at the trials and said the evidence did not hold at that dose.

primary_references

[bg-p40980638] Beta-glucans from oats or barley and reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses: Modification of an authorised health claim pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 following a request in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40980638/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9630

tissue_or_cell_type

Postprandial circulation

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 619–630

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · European Food Safety Authority assessment of a proposal to halve the dose condition on an existing claim · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-the-lower-dose-was-refused The applicant proposed a reduction of the lowest effective dose from 4 grams to 2 grams of beta-glucans per 30 grams of available carbohydrates and submitted 21 pertinent published human intervention studies with 59 trial comparisons plus four published systematic reviews and dose-response meta-regression analyses, and in weighing the evidence the Panel considered that the human intervention studies did not consistently show a significant effect of beta-glucans from oats or barley on postprandial glucose incremental area under the curve at doses between 2 and less than 4 grams per 30 grams of available carbohydrates, concluding that a consistent effect has not been demonstrated under the conditions of use proposed. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Asked to halve the amount required, the regulator looked at the trials and said the evidence did not hold at that dose. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Postprandial circulation experimental_model: European Food Safety Authority assessment of a proposal to halve the dose condition on an existing claim limitations: An assessment of a proposed change to a condition of use, based on 21 studies with 59 trial comparisons plus four published dose-response analyses. A negative conclusion about a proposed lower dose is not a finding that lower doses never act. exposure: Beta-glucans from oat or barley at doses between 2 and less than 4 grams per 30 grams of available carbohydrates evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/40980638.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ed76af02ac95b48fc5e1dd7e51a6ba51f54b5ba01a7daa7a01ce57bdd9d68bad", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1864, "text_sha256": "ed76af02ac95b48fc5e1dd7e51a6ba51f54b5ba01a7daa7a01ce57bdd9d68bad"} [bg-p40980638] Beta-glucans from oats or barley and reduction of postprandial glycaemic responses: Modification of an authorised health claim pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 following a request in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40980638/ DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9630

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/17251929.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96f0086004af03cea2b782fa14daef71ac29df5df3f790a2291fe375151c87b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1618, "text_sha256": "96f0086004af03cea2b782fa14daef71ac29df5df3f790a2291fe375151c87b5"}

experimental_model

Crossover ileostomy study in nine volunteers with direct measurement of ileal output

exposure

Seventy-five grams of extruded oat bran cereal daily providing 11.6 grams of native or enzymatically hydrolysed beta-glucans over two 3-day periods

limitations

Nine ileostomy volunteers, which is what makes direct measurement of what leaves the small intestine possible. The comparator is the same material depolymerised, so the difference is attributable to the polymer rather than to the food.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

The intact polymer swept bile acids out of the small intestine within a day, and the liver started making replacements.

primary_references

[bg-p17251929] Oat bran rapidly increases bile acid excretion and bile acid synthesis: an ileostomy study. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17251929/ DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602607

tissue_or_cell_type

Terminal ileum and serum

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 541–552

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Crossover ileostomy study in nine volunteers with direct measurement of ileal output · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-viscosity-drives-out-bile-acids Native oat bran increased median excretion of bile acids by 144%, cholesterol excretion remained unchanged while cholesterol absorption decreased by 19% and the sum of bile acid and cholesterol excretion increased by 40% compared with hydrolysed oat bran, 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one reflecting bile acid synthesis increased by 57% within 24 hours of consumption while serum lathosterol concentration reflecting cholesterol synthesis increased by 12%, and these effects could possibly be explained by entrapment of whole micelles in the gut owing to higher viscosity. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The intact polymer swept bile acids out of the small intestine within a day, and the liver started making replacements. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Terminal ileum and serum experimental_model: Crossover ileostomy study in nine volunteers with direct measurement of ileal output limitations: Nine ileostomy volunteers, which is what makes direct measurement of what leaves the small intestine possible. The comparator is the same material depolymerised, so the difference is attributable to the polymer rather than to the food. exposure: Seventy-five grams of extruded oat bran cereal daily providing 11.6 grams of native or enzymatically hydrolysed beta-glucans over two 3-day periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/17251929.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "96f0086004af03cea2b782fa14daef71ac29df5df3f790a2291fe375151c87b5", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1618, "text_sha256": "96f0086004af03cea2b782fa14daef71ac29df5df3f790a2291fe375151c87b5"} [bg-p17251929] Oat bran rapidly increases bile acid excretion and bile acid synthesis: an ileostomy study. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17251929/ DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602607

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/8942412.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9d60ab74209102dfe9e61c4f1a0f45fdc2119c986e385b8174a101f9f98ae3e1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1172, "text_sha256": "9d60ab74209102dfe9e61c4f1a0f45fdc2119c986e385b8174a101f9f98ae3e1"}

experimental_model

Ileostomy model comparing breads made from oat bran, a barley fraction and wheat flour

exposure

Diets based on oat bread, barley bread, wheat bread or oat bread with enzymatically degraded beta-glucan, providing 12.5, 12.9, 1.1 and 4.0 grams per day

limitations

Nine ileostomy subjects. The loss is inferred by comparing intake with excretion rather than measured directly as degradation.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

A good deal of the polymer is already broken up by the time the bread is baked, let alone eaten.

primary_references

[bg-p8942412] Mixed-linked beta-glucan from breads of different cereals is partly degraded in the human ileostomy model. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942412/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/64.6.878

tissue_or_cell_type

Terminal ileum

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 554–565

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ileostomy model comparing breads made from oat bran, a barley fraction and wheat flour · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-bread-making-already-cuts-it A notable loss of beta-glucan of 0.7 to 2.4 g/d or 13 to 64% was found when intake was compared with excretion, in vitro a higher viscosity development with time for dispersions of oat bread compared with barley bread was noted which could be related to the higher molecular weight of the beta-glucan in this bread, and there seemed to be a depolymerization of the beta-glucan both during bread making and transit through the upper gastrointestinal tract. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: A good deal of the polymer is already broken up by the time the bread is baked, let alone eaten. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Terminal ileum experimental_model: Ileostomy model comparing breads made from oat bran, a barley fraction and wheat flour limitations: Nine ileostomy subjects. The loss is inferred by comparing intake with excretion rather than measured directly as degradation. exposure: Diets based on oat bread, barley bread, wheat bread or oat bread with enzymatically degraded beta-glucan, providing 12.5, 12.9, 1.1 and 4.0 grams per day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/8942412.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9d60ab74209102dfe9e61c4f1a0f45fdc2119c986e385b8174a101f9f98ae3e1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1172, "text_sha256": "9d60ab74209102dfe9e61c4f1a0f45fdc2119c986e385b8174a101f9f98ae3e1"} [bg-p8942412] Mixed-linked beta-glucan from breads of different cereals is partly degraded in the human ileostomy model. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942412/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/64.6.878

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/20660224.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbd9787f6688f544bb47e44be561d20ec653daf5627f9022ac1302249924daf0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2139, "text_sha256": "dbd9787f6688f544bb47e44be561d20ec653daf5627f9022ac1302249924daf0"}

experimental_model

Double-blind parallel-design multicentre trial randomising 367 people across four molecular weights and two doses

exposure

Extruded cereal delivering 3 or 4 grams per day of oat beta-glucan at molecular weights of 2,210,000, 850,000, 530,000 or 210,000 grams per mole for four weeks

limitations

The comparator is a wheat-fibre cereal and 345 of 367 completed. A nonsignificant estimate in one arm is not a demonstration of no effect.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

Cutting the polymer into shorter pieces halved what it did, even at a higher dose.

primary_references

[bg-p20660224] Physicochemical properties of oat β-glucan influence its ability to reduce serum LDL cholesterol in humans: a randomized clinical trial. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20660224/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29174

tissue_or_cell_type

Serum LDL cholesterol

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 515–526

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind parallel-design multicentre trial randomising 367 people across four molecular weights and two doses · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-depolymerising-halves-the-effect LDL cholesterol was significantly less with 3 g high molecular weight, 4 g medium molecular weight and 3 g medium molecular weight oat beta-glucan cereals than with the wheat-fiber cereal by 0.21 or 5.5%, 0.26 or 6.5% and 0.19 or 4.7% mmol/L respectively, however the effect of 4 g low molecular weight oat beta-glucan per day at 0.10 mmol/L was not significant, log of molecular weight times the amount solubilized was a significant determinant of LDL cholesterol, and efficacy was reduced by 50% when molecular weight was reduced to 210,000 g/mol. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Cutting the polymer into shorter pieces halved what it did, even at a higher dose. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Serum LDL cholesterol experimental_model: Double-blind parallel-design multicentre trial randomising 367 people across four molecular weights and two doses limitations: The comparator is a wheat-fibre cereal and 345 of 367 completed. A nonsignificant estimate in one arm is not a demonstration of no effect. exposure: Extruded cereal delivering 3 or 4 grams per day of oat beta-glucan at molecular weights of 2,210,000, 850,000, 530,000 or 210,000 grams per mole for four weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/20660224.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "dbd9787f6688f544bb47e44be561d20ec653daf5627f9022ac1302249924daf0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2139, "text_sha256": "dbd9787f6688f544bb47e44be561d20ec653daf5627f9022ac1302249924daf0"} [bg-p20660224] Physicochemical properties of oat β-glucan influence its ability to reduce serum LDL cholesterol in humans: a randomized clinical trial. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20660224/ DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29174

availability_state

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"}

experimental_model

Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch

exposure

Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity

limitations

The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it.

nutrient_topic

Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

organism

Human

plain_language

The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing.

primary_references

[bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285

tissue_or_cell_type

Stomach and postprandial circulation

trigger_kind

biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 580–591

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### bg-viscosity-slows-the-stomach Compared with the control cereal, 4 grams of oat beta-glucan significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve at 78 compared with 135 mmol x min/L and insulin at 14.0 compared with 26.8 nmol x min/L and delayed gastric emptying half-time to a geometric mean of 285 minutes compared with 105 minutes, effects not seen after the beta-glucanase-treated arm of the same dose, while subjective appetite, PYY and ghrelin responses were similar to control and pizza intakes at a subsequent unrestricted meal were not significantly different. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Stomach and postprandial circulation experimental_model: Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch limitations: The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it. exposure: Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"} [bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285