Component

Human gastric emptying time

Human gastric emptying time. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Compared with the control cereal, 4 grams of oat beta-glucan significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve at 78 compared with 135 mmol x min/L and insulin at 14.0 compared with 26.8 nmol x min/L and delayed gastric emptying half-time to a geometric mean of 285 minutes compared with 105 minutes, effects not seen after the beta-glucanase-treated arm of the same dose, while subjective appetite, PYY and ghrelin responses were similar to control and pizza intakes at a subsequent unrestricted meal were not significantly different.

    Viscosity developed by a solubilised glucan → Human gastric emptying time source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch
    exposure
    Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity
    limitations
    The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it.
    nutrient_topic
    Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing.
    primary_references
    [bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Stomach and postprandial circulation
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 580–591

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### bg-viscosity-slows-the-stomach Compared with the control cereal, 4 grams of oat beta-glucan significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve at 78 compared with 135 mmol x min/L and insulin at 14.0 compared with 26.8 nmol x min/L and delayed gastric emptying half-time to a geometric mean of 285 minutes compared with 105 minutes, effects not seen after the beta-glucanase-treated arm of the same dose, while subjective appetite, PYY and ghrelin responses were similar to control and pizza intakes at a subsequent unrestricted meal were not significantly different. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Stomach and postprandial circulation experimental_model: Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch limitations: The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it. exposure: Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"} [bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The 3-g Ceylon cinnamon high-fat-meal experiment found no effect on gastric emptying.

    C. zeylanicum spice, 3 g with a high-fat meal in 2011 → Human gastric emptying time source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/21899741.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d49880de3ff914aa03404f38b7590f5905e069135a693cd0bc2aca626c0a9493", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1845, "text_sha256": "d49880de3ff914aa03404f38b7590f5905e069135a693cd0bc2aca626c0a9493"}
    experimental_model
    Single-blind randomized crossover meal experiment
    exposure
    3 g C. zeylanicum with a high-fat meal; 360-minute observation
    limitations
    Small acute meal experiment; a null result here is not inconsistent with every longer extract trial. Abstract has an inconsistent parenthetical p-value, so no numeric p-value is asserted here.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Adding this amount of spice to the test meal did not produce the expected change in gastric emptying.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p21899741] Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21899741/ DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-78
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nine healthy young adults

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1221–1232

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Single-blind randomized crossover meal experiment · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-meal-emptying The 3-g Ceylon cinnamon high-fat-meal experiment found no effect on gastric emptying. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding this amount of spice to the test meal did not produce the expected change in gastric emptying. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Nine healthy young adults experimental_model: Single-blind randomized crossover meal experiment limitations: Small acute meal experiment; a null result here is not inconsistent with every longer extract trial. Abstract has an inconsistent parenthetical p-value, so no numeric p-value is asserted here. exposure: 3 g C. zeylanicum with a high-fat meal; 360-minute observation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/21899741.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d49880de3ff914aa03404f38b7590f5905e069135a693cd0bc2aca626c0a9493", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1845, "text_sha256": "d49880de3ff914aa03404f38b7590f5905e069135a693cd0bc2aca626c0a9493"} [ceylon-p21899741] Effect of cinnamon on gastric emptying, arterial stiffness, postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and appetite responses to high-fat breakfast. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21899741/ DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-78
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The pectin meal delayed estimated gastric emptying relative to control.

    Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides → Human gastric emptying time source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/17880369.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c07bb2fe0617daf1d3a1af1725b351e19fbfec477851697c7b575d905aa1b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2164, "text_sha256": "c07bb2fe0617daf1d3a1af1725b351e19fbfec477851697c7b575d905aa1b1c7"}
    experimental_model
    Three-meal comparison in ten healthy men
    exposure
    450-kcal, 500-mL meal with 5.2 g pectin, agar, or control; 13C-acetate breath test
    limitations
    A gastric-emptying breath-test estimate is not direct proof of a specific glucose-enzyme inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Food left the stomach more slowly in this experiment.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p17880369] Effects of agar and pectin on gastric emptying and post-prandial glycaemic profiles in healthy human volunteers. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17880369/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04706.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Gastric emptying and post-meal glucose

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 802–813

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Three-meal comparison in ten healthy men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-gastric-delay The pectin meal delayed estimated gastric emptying relative to control. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Food left the stomach more slowly in this experiment. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Gastric emptying and post-meal glucose experimental_model: Three-meal comparison in ten healthy men limitations: A gastric-emptying breath-test estimate is not direct proof of a specific glucose-enzyme inhibition. exposure: 450-kcal, 500-mL meal with 5.2 g pectin, agar, or control; 13C-acetate breath test evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/17880369.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c07bb2fe0617daf1d3a1af1725b351e19fbfec477851697c7b575d905aa1b1c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2164, "text_sha256": "c07bb2fe0617daf1d3a1af1725b351e19fbfec477851697c7b575d905aa1b1c7"} [pectin-p17880369] Effects of agar and pectin on gastric emptying and post-prandial glycaemic profiles in healthy human volunteers. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17880369/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04706.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards