Component

trans-Resveratrol

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

13 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Resveratrol bound ERalpha and ERbeta with comparable affinity, approximately 7,000-fold weaker than estradiol in the reported assays.

    trans-Resveratrol → Human estrogen receptor alpha / ESR1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Receptor binding and CHO-K1 reporter experiments.
    limitations
    No demonstrated hormone normalization in humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    It can interact with hormone receptors, but weak affinity matters.
    primary_references
    Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist/antagonist for estrogen receptors alpha and beta. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014220/ · DOI 10.1210/endo.141.10.7721

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 398–404

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor binding and CHO-K1 reporter experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-er-binding It can interact with hormone receptors, but weak affinity matters. Resveratrol bound ERalpha and ERbeta with comparable affinity, approximately 7,000-fold weaker than estradiol in the reported assays. Model: Receptor binding and CHO-K1 reporter experiments. Limitations: No demonstrated hormone normalization in humans. Evidence access: Primary abstract Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist/antagonist for estrogen receptors alpha and beta. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014220/ · DOI 10.1210/endo.141.10.7721
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Resveratrol acted as an estrogen agonist in ERalpha/ERbeta reporter systems; selected ERE sequences also showed estradiol antagonism with ERalpha but not ERbeta.

    trans-Resveratrol → Human estrogen receptor beta / ESR2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Transfected CHO-K1 reporter cells.
    limitations
    Normal experimental context dependence, not an unresolved contradiction.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Direction depends on receptor and gene-control sequence.
    primary_references
    Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist/antagonist for estrogen receptors alpha and beta. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014220/ · DOI 10.1210/endo.141.10.7721

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 406–412

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transfected CHO-K1 reporter cells. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-er-sequence Direction depends on receptor and gene-control sequence. Resveratrol acted as an estrogen agonist in ERalpha/ERbeta reporter systems; selected ERE sequences also showed estradiol antagonism with ERalpha but not ERbeta. Model: Transfected CHO-K1 reporter cells. Limitations: Normal experimental context dependence, not an unresolved contradiction. Evidence access: Primary abstract Resveratrol acts as a mixed agonist/antagonist for estrogen receptors alpha and beta. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014220/ · DOI 10.1210/endo.141.10.7721
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified 3,4′-Dihydroxy-trans-stilbene among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites.

    trans-Resveratrol → 3,4′-Dihydroxy-trans-stilbene source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg.
    limitations
    Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body.
    primary_references
    In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 62–68

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-microbial-dehydroxylation Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified 3,4′-Dihydroxy-trans-stilbene among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites. Model: Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. Limitations: Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test. Evidence access: Primary abstract In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified Dihydroresveratrol among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites.

    trans-Resveratrol → Dihydroresveratrol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg.
    limitations
    Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body.
    primary_references
    In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 54–60

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-microbial-hydrogenation Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified Dihydroresveratrol among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites. Model: Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. Limitations: Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test. Evidence access: Primary abstract In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified Lunularin among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites.

    trans-Resveratrol → Lunularin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg.
    limitations
    Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body.
    primary_references
    In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 70–76

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-microbial-lunularin Gut microbes change which molecules reach the body. Human fecal fermentation and urine analyses identified Lunularin among trans-resveratrol-derived microbial metabolites. Model: Seven fecal donors; separate 12-person intervention using grapevine-shoot supplement at 0.5 mg/kg. Limitations: Metabolite patterns varied by person; a mixed supplement is not a purified-compound clinical efficacy test. Evidence access: Primary abstract In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Trans-resveratrol inhibited SN-38 glucuronidation in human enzyme experiments (Ki 6.2 ± 2.1 micromolar), while bilirubin glucuronidation showed no major change.

    trans-Resveratrol → SN-38 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human microsomal/recombinant assays.
    limitations
    Not demonstrated irinotecan toxicity or a clinical dose-adjustment rule.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    The interaction depends on the enzyme substrate.
    primary_references
    Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 46–52

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human microsomal/recombinant assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-ugt-substrate-selectivity The interaction depends on the enzyme substrate. Trans-resveratrol inhibited SN-38 glucuronidation in human enzyme experiments (Ki 6.2 ± 2.1 micromolar), while bilirubin glucuronidation showed no major change. Model: Human microsomal/recombinant assays. Limitations: Not demonstrated irinotecan toxicity or a clinical dose-adjustment rule. Evidence access: Primary abstract Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. A tested Adlercreutzia equolifaciens strain converted trans-resveratrol to dihydroresveratrol in pure culture.

    Adlercreutzia equolifaciens → Dihydroresveratrol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Selected human fecal bacterial strains.
    limitations
    Do not assign the unidentified dehydroxylation reactions to this strain.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    A specific microbial producer is preserved as its own node.
    primary_references
    In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 86–92

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Selected human fecal bacterial strains. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-adlercreutzia-equolifaciens A specific microbial producer is preserved as its own node. A tested Adlercreutzia equolifaciens strain converted trans-resveratrol to dihydroresveratrol in pure culture. Model: Selected human fecal bacterial strains. Limitations: Do not assign the unidentified dehydroxylation reactions to this strain. Evidence access: Primary abstract In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. In 27 inactive older men training for eight weeks, 250 mg/day trans-resveratrol attenuated gains in maximal oxygen uptake and several cardiovascular/lipid outcomes relative to placebo.

    Resveratrol → Cardiovascular adaptation to training in older men source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Randomized exercise-plus-supplement trial, 14 resveratrol and 13 placebo.
    limitations
    Not evidence that all exercise benefits disappear or every antioxidant has the same effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Adding a supplement did not necessarily improve the exercise response.
    primary_references
    Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training on cardiovascular health in aged men. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878368/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.258061

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 478–484

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized exercise-plus-supplement trial, 14 resveratrol and 13 placebo. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-exercise-adaptation Adding a supplement did not necessarily improve the exercise response. In 27 inactive older men training for eight weeks, 250 mg/day trans-resveratrol attenuated gains in maximal oxygen uptake and several cardiovascular/lipid outcomes relative to placebo. Model: Randomized exercise-plus-supplement trial, 14 resveratrol and 13 placebo. Limitations: Not evidence that all exercise benefits disappear or every antioxidant has the same effect. Evidence access: Primary abstract Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training on cardiovascular health in aged men. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878368/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.258061
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. In six volunteers given 25 mg radiolabeled oral resveratrol, estimated absorption was at least 70%.

    Resveratrol → Human oral resveratrol absorption source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human oral/IV radiotracer study.
    limitations
    The approximately 2 micromolar peak represented parent plus metabolites, not free resveratrol.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    Absorption does not mean most of the dose circulates unchanged.
    primary_references
    High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15333514/ · DOI 10.1124/dmd.104.000885

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 14–20

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human oral/IV radiotracer study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-human-absorption Absorption does not mean most of the dose circulates unchanged. In six volunteers given 25 mg radiolabeled oral resveratrol, estimated absorption was at least 70%. Model: Human oral/IV radiotracer study. Limitations: The approximately 2 micromolar peak represented parent plus metabolites, not free resveratrol. Evidence access: Primary abstract High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15333514/ · DOI 10.1124/dmd.104.000885
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. A tested Slackia equolifaciens strain converted trans-resveratrol to dihydroresveratrol in pure culture.

    Slackia equolifaciens → Dihydroresveratrol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Selected human fecal bacterial strains.
    limitations
    Do not assign the unidentified dehydroxylation reactions to this strain.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    A specific microbial producer is preserved as its own node.
    primary_references
    In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 78–84

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Selected human fecal bacterial strains. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-slackia-equolifaciens A specific microbial producer is preserved as its own node. A tested Slackia equolifaciens strain converted trans-resveratrol to dihydroresveratrol in pure culture. Model: Selected human fecal bacterial strains. Limitations: Do not assign the unidentified dehydroxylation reactions to this strain. Evidence access: Primary abstract In vivo and in vitro metabolism of trans-resveratrol by human gut microbiota. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283496/ · DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.049379
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Resveratrol occupied the tyrosine active site in human TyrRS co-crystals and inhibited amino-acid activation with reported Ki 22 micromolar.

    Resveratrol → Human cytosolic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase / YARS1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Purified human enzyme and structure.
    limitations
    The bound ligand adopts a cis conformation; the authors propose conformational accommodation from predominantly trans solution. This is not proof of physiological bulk photoisomerization.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    A protein that normally charges tyrosine tRNA also senses this compound.
    primary_references
    A human tRNA synthetase is a potent PARP1-activating effector target for resveratrol. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533949/ · DOI 10.1038/nature14028

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 286–292

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human enzyme and structure. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-tyrrs-binding A protein that normally charges tyrosine tRNA also senses this compound. Resveratrol occupied the tyrosine active site in human TyrRS co-crystals and inhibited amino-acid activation with reported Ki 22 micromolar. Model: Purified human enzyme and structure. Limitations: The bound ligand adopts a cis conformation; the authors propose conformational accommodation from predominantly trans solution. This is not proof of physiological bulk photoisomerization. Evidence access: Primary full text A human tRNA synthetase is a potent PARP1-activating effector target for resveratrol. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533949/ · DOI 10.1038/nature14028
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Human UGT1A1 predominantly formed the 3-O glucuronide of trans-resveratrol in microsomal/recombinant experiments; reported Km was 149 micromolar.

    Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 / UGT1A1 → Resveratrol 3-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs.
    limitations
    Predominant contribution is not exclusive specificity; Km is not a human plasma target.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    An independently named enzyme produces an independently named metabolite.
    primary_references
    Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 30–36

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-ugt1a1 An independently named enzyme produces an independently named metabolite. Human UGT1A1 predominantly formed the 3-O glucuronide of trans-resveratrol in microsomal/recombinant experiments; reported Km was 149 micromolar. Model: Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs. Limitations: Predominant contribution is not exclusive specificity; Km is not a human plasma target. Evidence access: Primary abstract Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Human UGT1A9 predominantly formed the 4′-O glucuronide of trans-resveratrol in microsomal/recombinant experiments; reported Km was 365 micromolar.

    Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 / UGT1A9 → Resveratrol 4′-O-glucuronide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs.
    limitations
    Predominant contribution is not exclusive specificity; Km is not a human plasma target.
    nutrient_topic
    Resveratrol collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Resveratrol
    plain_language
    An independently named enzyme produces an independently named metabolite.
    primary_references
    Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006

    Resveratrol: metabolites, target selectivity and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 38–44

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## resveratrol-ugt1a9 An independently named enzyme produces an independently named metabolite. Human UGT1A9 predominantly formed the 4′-O glucuronide of trans-resveratrol in microsomal/recombinant experiments; reported Km was 365 micromolar. Model: Human liver/intestine microsomes and recombinant UGTs. Limitations: Predominant contribution is not exclusive specificity; Km is not a human plasma target. Evidence access: Primary abstract Glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol by human liver and intestinal microsomes and UGT isoforms. · 2006 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597364/ · DOI 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0006
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards