Component

Thiamine monophosphate

Monophosphorylated thiamine; distinct from free thiamine and ThDP. Thiamine monophosphate

7 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. RFC overexpression increased thiamine-monophosphate influx approximately fivefold in mouse R16 leukemia cells relative to the parent line.

    Mouse reduced folate carrier / Slc19a1 → Thiamine monophosphate source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    B1-folate: shared carrier for folate and TMP; free thiamine is a different substrate.
    experimental_model
    Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments
    exposure
    Short radiolabeled TMP uptake assays
    limitations
    Extracellular TMP hydrolysis and transformed cells constrain extrapolation.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    A folate carrier also transported a phosphorylated B1 form.
    primary_references
    [zhao2002] Reduced folate carrier transports thiamine monophosphate: an alternative route for thiamine delivery into mammalian cells (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997266/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    L1210/R16 leukemia cells
    transport_effect
    raises Overexpression increased thiamine-monophosphate influx about fivefold.
    transport_pool
    the expressing cell Overexpression increased thiamine-monophosphate influx about fivefold.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 180–191

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-mouse-rfc-tmp-entry RFC overexpression increased thiamine-monophosphate influx approximately fivefold in mouse R16 leukemia cells relative to the parent line. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A folate carrier also transported a phosphorylated B1 form. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: L1210/R16 leukemia cells experimental_model: Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments limitations: Extracellular TMP hydrolysis and transformed cells constrain extrapolation. exposure: Short radiolabeled TMP uptake assays cross_nutrient: B1-folate: shared carrier for folate and TMP; free thiamine is a different substrate. [zhao2002] Reduced folate carrier transports thiamine monophosphate: an alternative route for thiamine delivery into mammalian cells (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997266/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Methotrexate inhibited the RFC-mediated component of thiamine-monophosphate influx in mouse L1210 cells.

    Methotrexate → Thiamine monophosphate source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    B1-antifolate: competition at RFC under the tested drug exposure.
    experimental_model
    Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments
    exposure
    50 nM TMP with 100 micromolar methotrexate
    limitations
    Pharmacological cell experiment, not a clinical thiamine-deficiency outcome.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    An antifolate competed with phosphorylated B1 entry.
    primary_references
    [zhao2002] Reduced folate carrier transports thiamine monophosphate: an alternative route for thiamine delivery into mammalian cells (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997266/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2001
    tissue_or_cell_type
    L1210 leukemia cells

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 193–204

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-mtx-tmp-transport-competition Methotrexate inhibited the RFC-mediated component of thiamine-monophosphate influx in mouse L1210 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An antifolate competed with phosphorylated B1 entry. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: L1210 leukemia cells experimental_model: Mouse L1210/R16 leukemia transport experiments limitations: Pharmacological cell experiment, not a clinical thiamine-deficiency outcome. exposure: 50 nM TMP with 100 micromolar methotrexate cross_nutrient: B1-antifolate: competition at RFC under the tested drug exposure. [zhao2002] Reduced folate carrier transports thiamine monophosphate: an alternative route for thiamine delivery into mammalian cells (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997266/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2001
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. NCM460 colonocytes took up radiolabeled ThDP without prior substrate dephosphorylation; native human apical vesicles also showed carrier-mediated uptake.

    Thiamine diphosphate → Colonic thiamine diphosphate uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence-scope
    Colonocytes; colonic apical membranes
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    evidence_spans
    [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/nabokina-2012-colonic-tpp-source-record.json", "source_field": "resultList.result[0].abstractText", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813}]
    experimental_model
    NCM460 cells and human donor colonic apical vesicles; custom tritiated ThDP.
    limitations
    Does not quantify systemic contribution from gut microbial B1.
    nutrient_topic
    Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Colon cells can absorb the phosphorylated B1 form directly.
    primary_references
    [nabokina-2012-colonic-tpp] A high-affinity and specific carrier-mediated mechanism for uptake of thiamine pyrophosphate by human colonic epithelial cells (2012). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3423106/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00151.2012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Colonocytes; colonic apical membranes
    transport_direction
    Luminal/apical compartment into colonocytes.

    Thiamine: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 502–515

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · NCM460 cells and human donor colonic apical vesicles; custom tritiated ThDP. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b1-colon-intact-thdp-uptake NCM460 colonocytes took up radiolabeled ThDP without prior substrate dephosphorylation; native human apical vesicles also showed carrier-mediated uptake. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Colon cells can absorb the phosphorylated B1 form directly. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Colonocytes; colonic apical membranes experimental_model: NCM460 cells and human donor colonic apical vesicles; custom tritiated ThDP. limitations: Does not quantify systemic contribution from gut microbial B1. transport_direction: Luminal/apical compartment into colonocytes. evidence_spans: [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/nabokina-2012-colonic-tpp-source-record.json", "source_field": "resultList.result[0].abstractText", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1813}] evidence_locator: Abstract evidence-scope: Colonocytes; colonic apical membranes [nabokina-2012-colonic-tpp] A high-affinity and specific carrier-mediated mechanism for uptake of thiamine pyrophosphate by human colonic epithelial cells (2012). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3423106/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00151.2012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzed ThDP and ThMP; ThDP had 53-fold higher Vmax/Km under the tested conditions.

    Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase → Thiamine phosphate ester hydrolysis source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence-scope
    Purified intestinal enzyme
    evidence_locator
    Abstract
    evidence_spans
    [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/vovk-2002-phosphatase-source-record.json", "source_field": "resultList.result[0].abstractText", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 828}]
    experimental_model
    Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase; pH 8.5, 30 C; substrate kinetics.
    limitations
    Purified bovine enzyme; does not quantify human meal absorption.
    nutrient_topic
    Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
    organism
    Bos taurus
    plain_language
    An intestinal enzyme can remove B1 phosphate groups; the two forms react at different rates.
    primary_references
    [vovk-2002-phosphatase] [Relative reactivity of thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate upon interaction with alkaline phosphatase] (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12199107/
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified intestinal enzyme

    Thiamine: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 106–118

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase; pH 8.5, 30 C; substrate kinetics. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b1-phosphate-ester-hydrolysis Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzed ThDP and ThMP; ThDP had 53-fold higher Vmax/Km under the tested conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An intestinal enzyme can remove B1 phosphate groups; the two forms react at different rates. organism: Bos taurus tissue_or_cell_type: Purified intestinal enzyme experimental_model: Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase; pH 8.5, 30 C; substrate kinetics. limitations: Purified bovine enzyme; does not quantify human meal absorption. evidence_spans: [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/vovk-2002-phosphatase-source-record.json", "source_field": "resultList.result[0].abstractText", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 828}] evidence_locator: Abstract evidence-scope: Purified intestinal enzyme [vovk-2002-phosphatase] [Relative reactivity of thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate upon interaction with alkaline phosphatase] (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12199107/
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Phosphorylated thiamine derivatives stabilized purified human SLC19A3 less strongly than free thiamine in binding assays.

    Thiamine diphosphate → Human thiamine transporter 2 / SLC19A3 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence-scope
    Purified membrane protein
    evidence_locator
    Results: cryo-EM structures; Supplementary Figure 1a
    evidence_spans
    [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/PMC11447181.txt", "start_char": 9508, "end_char": 11196}]
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human SLC19A3 from Expi293F; cryo-EM and thermal-shift binding assays.
    limitations
    Thermal stabilization is not a direct transport-rate measurement.
    nutrient_topic
    Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Adding phosphates changes how B1 fits this cell-surface carrier.
    primary_references
    [gabriel-2024-slc19a3-structure] Structural basis of thiamine transport and drug recognition by SLC19A3 (2024). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11447181/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52872-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified membrane protein

    Thiamine: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 588–600

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human SLC19A3 from Expi293F; cryo-EM and thermal-shift binding assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b1-slc19a3-phosphorylation-binding-boundary Phosphorylated thiamine derivatives stabilized purified human SLC19A3 less strongly than free thiamine in binding assays. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding phosphates changes how B1 fits this cell-surface carrier. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified membrane protein experimental_model: Recombinant human SLC19A3 from Expi293F; cryo-EM and thermal-shift binding assays. limitations: Thermal stabilization is not a direct transport-rate measurement. evidence_spans: [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/PMC11447181.txt", "start_char": 9508, "end_char": 11196}] evidence_locator: Results: cryo-EM structures; Supplementary Figure 1a evidence-scope: Purified membrane protein [gabriel-2024-slc19a3-structure] Structural basis of thiamine transport and drug recognition by SLC19A3 (2024). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11447181/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52872-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Human SLC25A19 proteoliposomes exchanged labeled dATP with internal ThDP or ThMP, but not free thiamine.

    Human mitochondrial thiamine diphosphate transporter / SLC25A19 → Thiamine diphosphate source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence-scope
    Proteoliposomes; lymphoblasts; embryonic fibroblasts
    evidence_locator
    Figure 6
    evidence_spans
    [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/PMC1595310.txt", "start_char": 12861, "end_char": 14293}]
    experimental_model
    Human recombinant carrier, patient lymphoblasts and Slc25a19-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
    limitations
    Indirect exchange assay; physiological counter-substrate stoichiometry not fixed.
    nutrient_topic
    Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
    organism
    Human and mouse experimental systems
    plain_language
    The mitochondrial carrier recognizes phosphorylated B1 differently from cell-surface thiamine carriers.
    primary_references
    [lindhurst-2006-slc25a19] Knockout of Slc25a19 causes mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate depletion, embryonic lethality, CNS malformations, and anemia (2006). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1595310/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607661103
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Proteoliposomes; lymphoblasts; embryonic fibroblasts
    transport_direction
    Reconstituted membrane exchange; physiological role is mitochondrial delivery.
    transport_effect
    depends The reconstituted assay exchanged external dATP for internal ThDP, which is the opposite of the delivery role the record attributes to it.
    transport_pool
    the mitochondrial matrix The reconstituted assay exchanged external dATP for internal ThDP, which is the opposite of the delivery role the record attributes to it.

    Thiamine: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 416–429

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human recombinant carrier, patient lymphoblasts and Slc25a19-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b1-slc25a19-phosphorylated-substrates Human SLC25A19 proteoliposomes exchanged labeled dATP with internal ThDP or ThMP, but not free thiamine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The mitochondrial carrier recognizes phosphorylated B1 differently from cell-surface thiamine carriers. organism: Human and mouse experimental systems tissue_or_cell_type: Proteoliposomes; lymphoblasts; embryonic fibroblasts experimental_model: Human recombinant carrier, patient lymphoblasts and Slc25a19-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. limitations: Indirect exchange assay; physiological counter-substrate stoichiometry not fixed. evidence_locator: Figure 6 transport_direction: Reconstituted membrane exchange; physiological role is mitochondrial delivery. evidence_spans: [{"source_document": "artifacts/thiamine_transport_sources/PMC1595310.txt", "start_char": 12861, "end_char": 14293}] evidence-scope: Proteoliposomes; lymphoblasts; embryonic fibroblasts [lindhurst-2006-slc25a19] Knockout of Slc25a19 causes mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate depletion, embryonic lethality, CNS malformations, and anemia (2006). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1595310/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607661103
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Baseline plasma thiamine monophosphate correlated with erythrocyte ThDP at Spearman r = 0.57 in 188 women.

    Plasma thiamine monophosphate concentration → Erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_location
    Results 3.2; Table 2
    evidence_span
    n = 188
    experimental_model
    196 healthy rural Cambodian women aged 18-45; samples from a six-month thiamine-fortified fish-sauce intervention; plasma LC-MS/MS and erythrocyte HPLC assays.
    exposure
    Six-month thiamine-fortified fish-sauce intervention in healthy Cambodian women
    limitations
    This is a different analyte from free plasma thiamine; a moderate correlation does not make the assays interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The phosphorylated plasma form was also related to red-cell cofactor concentration.
    primary_references
    [mccann-2017-plasma-erythrocyte] Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women (2017). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5537791/ DOI: 10.3390/nu9070676
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma and erythrocytes
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Thiamine: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1465–1477

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 196 healthy rural Cambodian women aged 18-45; samples from a six-month thiamine-fortified fish-sauce intervention; plasma LC-MS/MS and erythrocyte HPLC assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### thiamine-def-plasma-tmp-erythrocyte-correlation Baseline plasma thiamine monophosphate correlated with erythrocyte ThDP at Spearman r = 0.57 in 188 women. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Thiamine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The phosphorylated plasma form was also related to red-cell cofactor concentration. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and erythrocytes experimental_model: 196 healthy rural Cambodian women aged 18-45; samples from a six-month thiamine-fortified fish-sauce intervention; plasma LC-MS/MS and erythrocyte HPLC assays. limitations: This is a different analyte from free plasma thiamine; a moderate correlation does not make the assays interchangeable. evidence_location: Results 3.2; Table 2 evidence_span: n = 188 exposure: Six-month thiamine-fortified fish-sauce intervention in healthy Cambodian women [mccann-2017-plasma-erythrocyte] Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women (2017). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5537791/ DOI: 10.3390/nu9070676
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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