Component

Free S-alpha-lipoic acid

Free S-alpha-lipoic acid. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. S-lipoic acid inhibited R-lipoic-acid reduction only at high concentrations in the enzyme assay.

    Free S-alpha-lipoic acid → Free R-alpha-lipoic acid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/8573188.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 809, "text_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976"}
    experimental_model
    Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays
    exposure
    R/S lipoic acid and metabolites
    limitations
    Do not equate the enzyme-family result with a specific human DLD preparation or whole-person clinical superiority.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Species not identified in indexed abstract
    plain_language
    Competition appeared under particular assay conditions, not as proof that ordinary racemic supplements block the pathway.
    primary_references
    [ala-p8573188] Reduction of lipoic acid by lipoamide dehydrogenase. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573188/ DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02124-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified mitochondrial enzyme

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 780–791

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-s-high-concentration-inhibition S-lipoic acid inhibited R-lipoic-acid reduction only at high concentrations in the enzyme assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Competition appeared under particular assay conditions, not as proof that ordinary racemic supplements block the pathway. organism: Species not identified in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Purified mitochondrial enzyme experimental_model: Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays limitations: Do not equate the enzyme-family result with a specific human DLD preparation or whole-person clinical superiority. exposure: R/S lipoic acid and metabolites evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/8573188.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 809, "text_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976"} [ala-p8573188] Reduction of lipoic acid by lipoamide dehydrogenase. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573188/ DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02124-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The tested lipoamide dehydrogenase reduced R-lipoic acid about 28 times faster than S-lipoic acid.

    Mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenases, species unspecified → Free R-alpha-lipoic acid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/8573188.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 809, "text_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976"}
    experimental_model
    Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays
    exposure
    R/S lipoic acid and metabolites
    limitations
    Do not equate the enzyme-family result with a specific human DLD preparation or whole-person clinical superiority.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Species not identified in indexed abstract
    plain_language
    The two mirror-image forms were not equivalent substrates for this enzyme.
    primary_references
    [ala-p8573188] Reduction of lipoic acid by lipoamide dehydrogenase. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573188/ DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02124-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified mitochondrial enzyme

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 767–778

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-lipdh-r-selectivity The tested lipoamide dehydrogenase reduced R-lipoic acid about 28 times faster than S-lipoic acid. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The two mirror-image forms were not equivalent substrates for this enzyme. organism: Species not identified in indexed abstract tissue_or_cell_type: Purified mitochondrial enzyme experimental_model: Purified mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase stereoselectivity assays limitations: Do not equate the enzyme-family result with a specific human DLD preparation or whole-person clinical superiority. exposure: R/S lipoic acid and metabolites evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/8573188.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 809, "text_sha256": "7631d83a60fe421318384db96c5b92458c21b0e3aeadaff85c7ae60223e40976"} [ala-p8573188] Reduction of lipoic acid by lipoamide dehydrogenase. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573188/ DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02124-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Compared with solution, the tested tablets produced R-lipoic-acid peak concentrations of 36–43% and exposure areas of 64–79%.

    R,S-alpha-lipoic acid mixture → Plasma exposure to free alpha-lipoic acid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/25506250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2050, "text_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers
    exposure
    Single 600-mg racemic oral formulations: solution and tablets
    limitations
    Exposure differences are formulation specific; plasma pharmacokinetics does not establish clinical efficacy or mitochondrial attachment.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Different formulations delivered different amounts into blood.
    primary_references
    [ala-p25506250] Enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and sex effects of various alpha-lipoic acid dosage forms. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506250/ DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s71574
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 637–648

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-oral-formulation-exposure Compared with solution, the tested tablets produced R-lipoic-acid peak concentrations of 36–43% and exposure areas of 64–79%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different formulations delivered different amounts into blood. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers limitations: Exposure differences are formulation specific; plasma pharmacokinetics does not establish clinical efficacy or mitochondrial attachment. exposure: Single 600-mg racemic oral formulations: solution and tablets evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/25506250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2050, "text_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973"} [ala-p25506250] Enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and sex effects of various alpha-lipoic acid dosage forms. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506250/ DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s71574
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Median peak times for both lipoic-acid enantiomers were approximately 0.33–0.5 hours across the studied formulations.

    R,S-alpha-lipoic acid mixture → Plasma exposure to free alpha-lipoic acid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/25506250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2050, "text_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers
    exposure
    Single 600-mg racemic oral formulations: solution and tablets
    limitations
    Exposure differences are formulation specific; plasma pharmacokinetics does not establish clinical efficacy or mitochondrial attachment.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Blood levels rose quickly after these single doses.
    primary_references
    [ala-p25506250] Enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and sex effects of various alpha-lipoic acid dosage forms. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506250/ DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s71574
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 650–661

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-rapid-enantiomer-peaks Median peak times for both lipoic-acid enantiomers were approximately 0.33–0.5 hours across the studied formulations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Blood levels rose quickly after these single doses. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Randomized four-way crossover pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy volunteers limitations: Exposure differences are formulation specific; plasma pharmacokinetics does not establish clinical efficacy or mitochondrial attachment. exposure: Single 600-mg racemic oral formulations: solution and tablets evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/25506250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2050, "text_sha256": "539058a215e046b23d352d40f72f6e4fd9259b6e746770584d8852d650990973"} [ala-p25506250] Enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and sex effects of various alpha-lipoic acid dosage forms. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506250/ DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s71574
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards