Component

NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study

NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study

7 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Oral NMN plus apigenin improved cartilage, bone, muscle and motor readouts in the 20-month-old mouse study.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Musculoskeletal outcomes in aged NMN/apigenin-treated mice Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Aged untreated/control mice co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Aged untreated/control mice Oral combined preparation · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Aged untreated/control mice co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Oral combined preparation", "comparator": "Aged untreated/control mice", "endpoint": "Oral NMN plus apigenin improved cartilage, bone, muscle and motor readouts in the 20-month-old mouse study.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "Oral combined preparation"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Aged mice; detailed supplement Methods not obtained.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    Oral NMN plus apigenin improved cartilage, bone, muscle and motor readouts in the 20-month-old mouse study.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-aged-mice; No human combination efficacy is demonstrated.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 548–554

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Aged mice; detailed supplement Methods not obtained. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-aged-mice Oral NMN plus apigenin improved cartilage, bone, muscle and motor readouts in the 20-month-old mouse study. No human combination efficacy is demonstrated. Model and exposure: Aged mice; detailed supplement Methods not obtained. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The combined preparation improved ATP content, membrane-potential readouts and basal/maximal respiration in the stressed precursor-cell models.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Mitochondrial readouts in the 2026 NMN/apigenin cell study Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls NMN plus apigenin during stress · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "NMN plus apigenin during stress", "comparator": "Stressed controls", "endpoint": "The combined preparation improved ATP content, membrane-potential readouts and basal/maximal respiration in the stressed precursor-cell models.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "NMN plus apigenin during stress"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Main-text Results; three musculoskeletal precursor models.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The combined preparation improved ATP content, membrane-potential readouts and basal/maximal respiration in the stressed precursor-cell models.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-cell-energy; Neither whole-cell NAD nor bulk respiration localizes drug-target occupancy.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 532–538

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Main-text Results; three musculoskeletal precursor models. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-cell-energy The combined preparation improved ATP content, membrane-potential readouts and basal/maximal respiration in the stressed precursor-cell models. Neither whole-cell NAD nor bulk respiration localizes drug-target occupancy. Model and exposure: Main-text Results; three musculoskeletal precursor models. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. NMN plus apigenin increased NAD+ and the NAD+/NADH ratio in the 2026 oxidative-stress musculoskeletal-cell experiments.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Cellular NAD+/NADH ratio Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls; monotherapy comparisons also reported co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls; monotherapy comparisons also reported NMN plus apigenin during the stress model · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed controls; monotherapy comparisons also reported co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "NMN plus apigenin during the stress model", "comparator": "Stressed controls; monotherapy comparisons also reported", "endpoint": "NMN plus apigenin increased NAD+ and the NAD+/NADH ratio in the 2026 oxidative-stress musculoskeletal-cell experiments.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "NMN plus apigenin during the stress model"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Three precursor-cell models under tert-butyl hydroperoxide stress; combined and single-component comparisons.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    NMN plus apigenin increased NAD+ and the NAD+/NADH ratio in the 2026 oxidative-stress musculoskeletal-cell experiments.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-cell-nad; Main-text figures reviewed; exact supplementary doses not verified. A combination outperforming each component is not by itself a formal interaction test.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 524–530

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Three precursor-cell models under tert-butyl hydroperoxide stress; combined and single-component comparisons. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-cell-nad NMN plus apigenin increased NAD+ and the NAD+/NADH ratio in the 2026 oxidative-stress musculoskeletal-cell experiments. Main-text figures reviewed; exact supplementary doses not verified. A combination outperforming each component is not by itself a formal interaction test. Model and exposure: Three precursor-cell models under tert-butyl hydroperoxide stress; combined and single-component comparisons. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The combined preparation improved chondrogenic matrix, osteogenic mineralization and myogenic differentiation readouts in the reported stress models.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Chondrogenic, osteogenic and myogenic readouts in the 2026 combination study Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed differentiation controls co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed differentiation controls NMN plus apigenin · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Stressed differentiation controls co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "NMN plus apigenin", "comparator": "Stressed differentiation controls", "endpoint": "The combined preparation improved chondrogenic matrix, osteogenic mineralization and myogenic differentiation readouts in the reported stress models.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "NMN plus apigenin"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    SOX9/COL2A1, ALP/calcium nodules/RUNX2/SP7/OCN, and MyoD1/MYOG/myotube endpoints.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The combined preparation improved chondrogenic matrix, osteogenic mineralization and myogenic differentiation readouts in the reported stress models.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-differentiation; These are model-specific readouts, not proof that apigenin increases systemic calcium or cures human musculoskeletal disease.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 540–546

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · SOX9/COL2A1, ALP/calcium nodules/RUNX2/SP7/OCN, and MyoD1/MYOG/myotube endpoints. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-differentiation The combined preparation improved chondrogenic matrix, osteogenic mineralization and myogenic differentiation readouts in the reported stress models. These are model-specific readouts, not proof that apigenin increases systemic calcium or cures human musculoskeletal disease. Model and exposure: SOX9/COL2A1, ALP/calcium nodules/RUNX2/SP7/OCN, and MyoD1/MYOG/myotube endpoints. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. The combined-treatment group had higher fecal phytosphingosine; its abundance correlated with selected microbial taxa.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Phytosphingosine Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Aged controls co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Aged controls NMN plus apigenin · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Aged controls co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "NMN plus apigenin", "comparator": "Aged controls", "endpoint": "The combined-treatment group had higher fecal phytosphingosine; its abundance correlated with selected microbial taxa.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "NMN plus apigenin"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Aged mice, fecal metabolomics and microbiome correlations.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The combined-treatment group had higher fecal phytosphingosine; its abundance correlated with selected microbial taxa.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-phytosphingosine; Taxon correlations do not prove that those organisms synthesized phytosphingosine. FMT and separate phytosphingosine supplementation supported follow-up routes but did not isolate an apigenin-only mechanism.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 572–578

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Aged mice, fecal metabolomics and microbiome correlations. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-phytosphingosine The combined-treatment group had higher fecal phytosphingosine; its abundance correlated with selected microbial taxa. Taxon correlations do not prove that those organisms synthesized phytosphingosine. FMT and separate phytosphingosine supplementation supported follow-up routes but did not isolate an apigenin-only mechanism. Model and exposure: Aged mice, fecal metabolomics and microbiome correlations. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Sirt3 deletion partially attenuated the structural and functional benefits of NMN plus apigenin.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Musculoskeletal outcomes in aged NMN/apigenin-treated mice Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Combined-preparation response in wild-type mice co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Combined-preparation response in wild-type mice Combined preparation in Sirt3-knockout mice · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Combined-preparation response in wild-type mice genetically absent · Mouse mitochondrial sirtuin 3 / Sirt3 Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Combined-preparation response in wild-type mice co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Combined preparation in Sirt3-knockout mice", "comparator": "Combined-preparation response in wild-type mice", "endpoint": "Sirt3 deletion partially attenuated the structural and functional benefits of NMN plus apigenin.", "effect_direction": "decrease", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "Combined preparation in Sirt3-knockout mice"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "mouse-sirt3", "state": "genetically absent"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Aged-mouse genotype comparison.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    Sirt3 deletion partially attenuated the structural and functional benefits of NMN plus apigenin.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-sirt3-benefit-attenuated; Partial attenuation supports a contributing requirement; it is not complete elimination or direct apigenin binding to SIRT3.
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 564–570

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Aged-mouse genotype comparison. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-sirt3-benefit-attenuated Sirt3 deletion partially attenuated the structural and functional benefits of NMN plus apigenin. Partial attenuation supports a contributing requirement; it is not complete elimination or direct apigenin binding to SIRT3. Model and exposure: Aged-mouse genotype comparison. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. The NMN/apigenin-associated blood NAD+ and NAD+/NADH increases persisted in Sirt3-knockout mice.

    NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study → Circulating NAD content Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    experimental_condition
    Sirt3-null control mice co-administered · Apigenin Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Sirt3-null control mice Combined preparation in Sirt3-null mice · NMN plus apigenin preparation in the 2026 musculoskeletal study Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Sirt3-null control mice genetically absent · Mouse mitochondrial sirtuin 3 / Sirt3 Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_condition
    Sirt3-null control mice co-administered · NMN Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Combined preparation in Sirt3-null mice", "comparator": "Sirt3-null control mice", "endpoint": "The NMN/apigenin-associated blood NAD+ and NAD+/NADH increases persisted in Sirt3-knockout mice.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "joint", "conditions": [{"entity_slug": "nmn-apigenin-combination-2026", "state": "Combined preparation in Sirt3-null mice"}, {"entity_slug": "nmn", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "apigenin", "state": "co-administered"}, {"entity_slug": "mouse-sirt3", "state": "genetically absent"}]} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Aged Sirt3-null mice; main Figure 7.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The NMN/apigenin-associated blood NAD+ and NAD+/NADH increases persisted in Sirt3-knockout mice.
    primary_references
    Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-nmn-sirt3-nad-retained; Precursor supply and downstream response are different steps.
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 556–562

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Aged Sirt3-null mice; main Figure 7. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-nmn-sirt3-nad-retained The NMN/apigenin-associated blood NAD+ and NAD+/NADH increases persisted in Sirt3-knockout mice. Precursor supply and downstream response are different steps. Model and exposure: Aged Sirt3-null mice; main Figure 7. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Double-Pronged NAD Preservation: Delaying Cellular Senescence and Initiating Musculoskeletal Regeneration. | 2026 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41944220/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13054677/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70468 | Access: Primary main-text Results and figure descriptions reviewed. Detailed supporting Methods/supplements inaccessible; exact doses and preparation details not independently extracted.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.