Component

Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Sham feeding emulsions containing oleic acid or linoleic acid caused a nearly twofold accumulation of jejunal endocannabinoids, whereas emulsions containing stearic acid or alpha-linolenic acid had no such effect, and corn oil raised them relative to mineral oil which contains no fatty acids.

    Linoleic acid → Jejunal endocannabinoid concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/23463697.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf035f4613f2090d3eaa60f90857a2dd265f69435b63d470e3dbe82f2350a079", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1315, "text_sha256": "cf035f4613f2090d3eaa60f90857a2dd265f69435b63d470e3dbe82f2350a079"}
    experimental_model
    Sham-feeding protocol in rats with jejunal endocannabinoid measurement and peripheral CB1 antagonists
    exposure
    Sham feeding of defined fatty acid emulsions with peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists
    limitations
    Sham feeding separates oral exposure from absorption, and the peripherally restricted antagonists separate a gut mechanism from a brain one.
    nutrient_topic
    THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. · Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol / THC
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    Tasting certain fats, without swallowing them, makes the gut produce these messengers within minutes.
    primary_references
    [thc-p23463697] Endocannabinoid signaling in the gut mediates preference for dietary unsaturated fats. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23463697/ DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227587
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Jejunum and behaviour

    THC: the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoid system it occupies, what the drug does, and the dietary fat it is built from (2026-09-21) · lines 699–710

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sham-feeding protocol in rats with jejunal endocannabinoid measurement and peripheral CB1 antagonists · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### thc-fat-triggers-gut-endocannabinoids Sham feeding emulsions containing oleic acid or linoleic acid caused a nearly twofold accumulation of jejunal endocannabinoids, whereas emulsions containing stearic acid or alpha-linolenic acid had no such effect, and corn oil raised them relative to mineral oil which contains no fatty acids. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. plain_language: Tasting certain fats, without swallowing them, makes the gut produce these messengers within minutes. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunum and behaviour experimental_model: Sham-feeding protocol in rats with jejunal endocannabinoid measurement and peripheral CB1 antagonists limitations: Sham feeding separates oral exposure from absorption, and the peripherally restricted antagonists separate a gut mechanism from a brain one. exposure: Sham feeding of defined fatty acid emulsions with peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/23463697.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "cf035f4613f2090d3eaa60f90857a2dd265f69435b63d470e3dbe82f2350a079", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1315, "text_sha256": "cf035f4613f2090d3eaa60f90857a2dd265f69435b63d470e3dbe82f2350a079"} [thc-p23463697] Endocannabinoid signaling in the gut mediates preference for dietary unsaturated fats. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23463697/ DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227587
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7.

    Nasunin → Carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}
    experimental_model
    Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays
    exposure
    Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8
    limitations
    The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
    organism
    Cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment.
    primary_references
    [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Pigment and lipid oxidation

    Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 601–612

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### nasunin-carotene-bleaching Nasunin inhibited carotene bleaching in the linoleic-acid/lipoxygenase assay at pH 7. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A food-model assay connects this pigment to oxidation of another pigment. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin.

    Nasunin → Linoleic acid autoxidation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"}
    experimental_model
    Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays
    exposure
    Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8
    limitations
    The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Nasunin
    organism
    Cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay.
    primary_references
    [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Pigment and lipid oxidation

    Nasunin: identity, redox chemistry and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 614–625

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### nasunin-linoleate-autoxidation Nasunin inhibited linoleic acid autoxidation at pH 2.8 more strongly than delphinidin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Nasunin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chemical decorations altered performance in this acidic assay. organism: Cell-free chemistry tissue_or_cell_type: Pigment and lipid oxidation experimental_model: Carotene bleaching and linoleic acid autoxidation assays limitations: The structure-activity interpretation is tentative and assay-specific; no vitamin A absorption or systemic vitamin-sparing effect was tested. exposure: Carotene assay pH 7; linoleic acid autoxidation pH 2.8 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/nasunin-research/oxidation1993.publisher-abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary publisher abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1041, "text_sha256": "f5cd9a7913480b3dabe167e043aa03028e74ba6d0a57ada4ca50773ee9b16dee"} [nasunin-poxidation1993] Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja'). (1993). https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nskkk1962/40/2/40_2_138/_article DOI: 10.3136/nskkk1962.40.138
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Feeding 0.4% t10,c12 CLA for four weeks produced fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy; c9,t11 and linoleic-acid diets did not show the same effects.

    trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid → Mouse hepatic lipid accumulation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse dietary comparison.
    limitations
    Not a human risk estimate or proof that insulin caused the liver phenotype.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Loss of adipose fat coexisted with liver fat accumulation.
    primary_references
    Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12235171/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.m20008-jlr200

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 214–220

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse dietary comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-mouse-liver Loss of adipose fat coexisted with liver fat accumulation. Feeding 0.4% t10,c12 CLA for four weeks produced fatty liver, hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy; c9,t11 and linoleic-acid diets did not show the same effects. Model: Mouse dietary comparison. Limitations: Not a human risk estimate or proof that insulin caused the liver phenotype. Evidence access: Primary abstract Dietary trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12235171/ · DOI 10.1194/jlr.m20008-jlr200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. CLA yielded substantially more nitration products than nonconjugated linoleic acid under the tested nitrogen-oxide reactions.

    Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family → Nitro-conjugated linoleic acid / NO2-CLA family source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Chemical, cellular and in-vivo nitration experiments.
    limitations
    This is formation of a different molecule, not evidence that plain CLA has every nitro-lipid action.
    nutrient_topic
    CLA collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Conjugated linoleic acid / CLA isomer family
    plain_language
    Its double-bond arrangement changes its chemical reactivity.
    primary_references
    Conjugated linoleic acid is a preferential substrate for fatty acid nitration. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23144452/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M112.401356

    Conjugated linoleic acid: isomers, signaling, nutrient interactions and discovery (2026-09-19) · lines 310–316

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Chemical, cellular and in-vivo nitration experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## cla-nitration Its double-bond arrangement changes its chemical reactivity. CLA yielded substantially more nitration products than nonconjugated linoleic acid under the tested nitrogen-oxide reactions. Model: Chemical, cellular and in-vivo nitration experiments. Limitations: This is formation of a different molecule, not evidence that plain CLA has every nitro-lipid action. Evidence access: Primary abstract Conjugated linoleic acid is a preferential substrate for fatty acid nitration. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23144452/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M112.401356
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards