Iodized oil preparation

What it acts on

1. Iodine treatment improved rapid object naming performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001).

   Iodized oil preparation → Rapid object-naming performance source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114.

   experimental_model

   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12

   exposure

   One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized.

   limitations

   Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   In this study, iodine repletion improved rapid object naming.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1342–1354

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-albania-naming Iodine treatment improved rapid object naming performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In this study, iodine repletion improved rapid object naming. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 limitations: Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence. exposure: One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114. [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   Complete structured claim and evidence

2. Iodine treatment improved Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001).

   Iodized oil preparation → Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices performance source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114.

   experimental_model

   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12

   exposure

   One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized.

   limitations

   Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   In this study, iodine repletion improved Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1356–1368

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-albania-raven Iodine treatment improved Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In this study, iodine repletion improved Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 limitations: Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence. exposure: One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114. [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   Complete structured claim and evidence

3. Iodine treatment improved symbol search performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001).

   Iodized oil preparation → Symbol-search performance source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114.

   experimental_model

   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12

   exposure

   One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized.

   limitations

   Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   In this study, iodine repletion improved symbol search.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1328–1340

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-albania-symbol Iodine treatment improved symbol search performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In this study, iodine repletion improved symbol search. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 limitations: Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence. exposure: One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114. [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   Complete structured claim and evidence

4. Iodine treatment improved rapid target marking performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001).

   Iodized oil preparation → Rapid target-marking performance source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114.

   experimental_model

   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12

   exposure

   One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized.

   limitations

   Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   In this study, iodine repletion improved rapid target marking.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1314–1326

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-albania-target Iodine treatment improved rapid target marking performance compared with placebo at 24 weeks (reported adjusted P<0.0001). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In this study, iodine repletion improved rapid target marking. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 limitations: Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. One of four improved tests in a seven-test battery; a positive result on this task is not an effect size for general intelligence. exposure: One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114. [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   Complete structured claim and evidence

5. At 24 weeks, mean total T4 in iodine-treated children was approximately 40% higher than baseline and hypothyroxinemia prevalence was below 1%; corresponding placebo-group status did not improve significantly.

   Iodized oil preparation → Serum total thyroxine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114.

   experimental_model

   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12

   exposure

   One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized.

   limitations

   Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. The 40% figure is a within-treatment change described in the abstract, not a verified adjusted between-group estimate.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   Iodine repletion restored thyroid hormone status in these moderately deficient children.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1300–1312

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-albania-thyroxine At 24 weeks, mean total T4 in iodine-treated children was approximately 40% higher than baseline and hypothyroxinemia prevalence was below 1%; corresponding placebo-group status did not improve significantly. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Iodine repletion restored thyroid hormone status in these moderately deficient children. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid hormones and cognitive/motor testing experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 24-week trial in 310 moderately iodine-deficient Albanian children aged 10–12 limitations: Baseline groups differed on four psychological tests; analyses adjusted for baseline score, school and sex. Follow-up was 24 weeks, with no proof of lasting IQ or school-performance improvement. Symbol-search test-retest reliability was modest. Dose is a historical depot intervention, not daily intake. The 40% figure is a within-treatment change described in the abstract, not a verified adjusted between-group estimate. exposure: One supervised oral dose of iodized poppyseed oil containing 400 mg iodine versus sunflower-oil placebo; baseline median urinary iodine 43 micrograms/L, 87% goitrous; iodine 159/placebo 151 randomized. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary full PDF Methods, Results, Tables 1–2 and Discussion, pp.108–114. [iod-clin-albania2006] Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400058/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.108

   Complete structured claim and evidence

6. Infant thyroid hypofunction classifications were less frequent with indirect maternal supplementation (P=0.023), although infant TSH and T4 concentrations did not differ significantly between groups over time (P=0.597 and 0.184).

   Iodized oil preparation → Infant thyroid hypofunction classification source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209.

   experimental_model

   Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions

   exposure

   Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months.

   limitations

   Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper. No serious adverse events were reported; this does not establish safety for other infant doses, preparations or settings.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   A categorical thyroid outcome improved even though average hormone comparisons were not significant.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1566–1578

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-lactation-hypofunction Infant thyroid hypofunction classifications were less frequent with indirect maternal supplementation (P=0.023), although infant TSH and T4 concentrations did not differ significantly between groups over time (P=0.597 and 0.184). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A categorical thyroid outcome improved even though average hormone comparisons were not significant. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions limitations: Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper. No serious adverse events were reported; this does not establish safety for other infant doses, preparations or settings. exposure: Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209. [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   Complete structured claim and evidence

7. Infant urinary iodine was higher in the maternal-supplement arm (P=0.042); group medians exceeded 100 micrograms/L at 3 and 6 months in that arm, versus only 6 months in the direct-infant arm.

   Iodized oil preparation → Urinary iodine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209.

   experimental_model

   Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions

   exposure

   Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months.

   limitations

   Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper. The 100-microgram/L statement concerns group medians as interpreted by the paper, not proof of adequacy in every infant.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   The maternal route improved the infants’ measured iodine status for longer.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1552–1564

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-lactation-infant-urine Infant urinary iodine was higher in the maternal-supplement arm (P=0.042); group medians exceeded 100 micrograms/L at 3 and 6 months in that arm, versus only 6 months in the direct-infant arm. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The maternal route improved the infants’ measured iodine status for longer. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions limitations: Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper. The 100-microgram/L statement concerns group medians as interpreted by the paper, not proof of adequacy in every infant. exposure: Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209. [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   Complete structured claim and evidence

8. Breast-milk iodine concentration was higher with maternal supplementation than with direct infant supplementation over follow-up (P<0.0001).

   Iodized oil preparation → Breast-milk iodine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209.

   experimental_model

   Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions

   exposure

   Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months.

   limitations

   Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   Treating the mother increased the iodine delivered in her milk in this deficient setting.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1538–1550

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-lactation-milk Breast-milk iodine concentration was higher with maternal supplementation than with direct infant supplementation over follow-up (P<0.0001). Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Treating the mother increased the iodine delivered in her milk in this deficient setting. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Breast milk, infant urine and thyroid function experimental_model: Double-blind randomized trial in Morocco;241 mother–infant pairs enrolled, 239 randomized after two age exclusions limitations: Both arms received active iodine somewhere in the pair; there was no wholly untreated arm. Breastfeeding and baseline deficiency contextualize the result; measured iodine status is not a child cognitive outcome. Actual infant study dose was about 100 mg, not the 200 mg guideline discussed elsewhere in the paper. exposure: Term infants ≤ 8 weeks; indirect arm 121 pairs: mother 400 mg iodine as oral iodized poppyseed oil, infant placebo; direct arm 118 pairs: infant about 100 mg iodine from half a 200 mg oil capsule, mother placebo; follow-up 3, 6, 9 months. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary PDF Methods, trial profile, Results and Table2, pp.197–209. [iod-clin-bouhouch2014] Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622750/ DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70155-4

   Complete structured claim and evidence

9. Among children conceived after maternal trial entry, the follow-up classified 0 of 237 in the iodinated-oil group and 14 of 215 in the saline group as definite cases of the historical neurological iodine-deficiency syndrome.

   Iodized oil preparation → Severe prenatal iodine-deficiency neurological syndrome source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   cross_nutrient

   false

   evidence_location

   Primary PDF Methods p.69, Results and Fig2 pp.70–71; relevant pages visually inspected because OCR is imperfect.

   experimental_model

   Historical double-blind controlled maternal iodinated-oil trial begun 1966, with children born 1966–1972 followed through 1982 in five selected Papua New Guinea villages

   exposure

   Intramuscular iodinated oil versus saline; comparison by conception before/after maternal trial entry. The follow-up paper does not verify the injection dose in the inspected methods.

   limitations

   Long-term follow-up was restricted for logistical reasons to five of 13 original villages with high disease prevalence. Historical syndrome criteria and selection differ from modern mild-deficiency trials. Do not assume all developmental disorders were prevented or that established deficits were reversed. Two possible cases remained among the 237 treated-group children. Three definite treated-group cases in the overall 274 children had maternal treatment only at 30, 32 or 34 weeks gestation; this does not establish an exact universal gestational cutoff.

   nutrient_topic

   Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine

   organism

   Homo sapiens

   plain_language

   In severe deficiency, supplying iodine before conception prevented the study-defined definite neurological syndrome in this follow-up.

   primary_references

   [iod-clin-pharoah1987] A controlled trial of iodinated oil for the prevention of endemic cretinism: a long-term follow-up. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3032814/ DOI: 10.1093/ije/16.1.68

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Child neurological, hearing/speech and motor outcomes

   trigger_kind

   nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1412–1424

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Historical double-blind controlled maternal iodinated-oil trial begun 1966, with children born 1966–1972 followed through 1982 in five selected Papua New Guinea villages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### iod-clin-preconception-neurology Among children conceived after maternal trial entry, the follow-up classified 0 of 237 in the iodinated-oil group and 14 of 215 in the saline group as definite cases of the historical neurological iodine-deficiency syndrome. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In severe deficiency, supplying iodine before conception prevented the study-defined definite neurological syndrome in this follow-up. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Child neurological, hearing/speech and motor outcomes experimental_model: Historical double-blind controlled maternal iodinated-oil trial begun 1966, with children born 1966–1972 followed through 1982 in five selected Papua New Guinea villages limitations: Long-term follow-up was restricted for logistical reasons to five of 13 original villages with high disease prevalence. Historical syndrome criteria and selection differ from modern mild-deficiency trials. Do not assume all developmental disorders were prevented or that established deficits were reversed. Two possible cases remained among the 237 treated-group children. Three definite treated-group cases in the overall 274 children had maternal treatment only at 30, 32 or 34 weeks gestation; this does not establish an exact universal gestational cutoff. exposure: Intramuscular iodinated oil versus saline; comparison by conception before/after maternal trial entry. The follow-up paper does not verify the injection dose in the inspected methods. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary PDF Methods p.69, Results and Fig2 pp.70–71; relevant pages visually inspected because OCR is imperfect. [iod-clin-pharoah1987] A controlled trial of iodinated oil for the prevention of endemic cretinism: a long-term follow-up. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3032814/ DOI: 10.1093/ije/16.1.68

   Complete structured claim and evidence