Component

Geraldol / 3-prime-O-methylfisetin

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

7 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Geraldol reversibly and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C8-mediated paclitaxel hydroxylation in human liver microsomes, with reported Ki 11.5 micromolar.

    Geraldol / 3-prime-O-methylfisetin → Human cytochrome P450 2C8 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Pooled human liver microsomes; preincubation and kinetic comparisons.
    limitations
    In vitro hazard signal; no measured clinical drug-exposure change or dosing adjustment follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    The parent and metabolite can affect the same drug-metabolizing enzyme.
    primary_references
    Selective inhibition of CYP2C8 by fisetin and its methylated metabolite, geraldol, in human liver microsomes. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29454704/ · DOI 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.12.006

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 472–478

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Pooled human liver microsomes; preincubation and kinetic comparisons. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-cyp2c8-metabolite The parent and metabolite can affect the same drug-metabolizing enzyme. Geraldol reversibly and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C8-mediated paclitaxel hydroxylation in human liver microsomes, with reported Ki 11.5 micromolar. Model: Pooled human liver microsomes; preincubation and kinetic comparisons. Limitations: In vitro hazard signal; no measured clinical drug-exposure change or dosing adjustment follows. Evidence access: Primary abstract Selective inhibition of CYP2C8 by fisetin and its methylated metabolite, geraldol, in human liver microsomes. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29454704/ · DOI 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.12.006
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Geraldol reached higher tumor concentrations than fisetin in the mouse Lewis lung tumor experiment.

    Geraldol / 3-prime-O-methylfisetin → Geraldol exposure in mouse Lewis lung tumors source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse tumor distribution after fisetin administration.
    limitations
    Distribution does not prove the metabolite explains every anticancer response.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    A metabolite may reach a target differently.
    primary_references
    Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 40–46

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse tumor distribution after fisetin administration. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-geraldol-tumor A metabolite may reach a target differently. Geraldol reached higher tumor concentrations than fisetin in the mouse Lewis lung tumor experiment. Model: Mouse tumor distribution after fisetin administration. Limitations: Distribution does not prove the metabolite explains every anticancer response. Evidence access: Primary abstract Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Geraldol was measured after oral fisetin in the human crossover study; its exposure relative to parent differed between formulations.

    Fisetin → Geraldol / 3-prime-O-methylfisetin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Unconjugated parent and geraldol LC-MS/MS measurements.
    limitations
    Not a complete metabolite balance; altered ratios do not identify the causal absorption or metabolism step.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    Human measurements confirm that parent exposure alone is incomplete.
    primary_references
    Enhanced bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid-hydrogel formulation of fisetin orally administered in healthy individuals: a randomised double-blinded comparative crossover study. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36304817/ · DOI 10.1017/jns.2022.72
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 80–86

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Unconjugated parent and geraldol LC-MS/MS measurements. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-human-geraldol-exposure Human measurements confirm that parent exposure alone is incomplete. Geraldol was measured after oral fisetin in the human crossover study; its exposure relative to parent differed between formulations. Model: Unconjugated parent and geraldol LC-MS/MS measurements. Limitations: Not a complete metabolite balance; altered ratios do not identify the causal absorption or metabolism step. Evidence access: Primary abstract Enhanced bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid-hydrogel formulation of fisetin orally administered in healthy individuals: a randomised double-blinded comparative crossover study. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36304817/ · DOI 10.1017/jns.2022.72
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. After 223 mg/kg intraperitoneal fisetin in mice, chromatography and mass spectrometry identified geraldol as a methoxylated metabolite.

    Fisetin → Geraldol / 3-prime-O-methylfisetin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse disposition experiment; authentic standard comparison.
    limitations
    High injected animal exposure; not human oral pharmacokinetics.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    The parent compound becomes a distinct molecule.
    primary_references
    Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 24–30

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse disposition experiment; authentic standard comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-mouse-geraldol The parent compound becomes a distinct molecule. After 223 mg/kg intraperitoneal fisetin in mice, chromatography and mass spectrometry identified geraldol as a methoxylated metabolite. Model: Mouse disposition experiment; authentic standard comparison. Limitations: High injected animal exposure; not human oral pharmacokinetics. Evidence access: Primary abstract Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Ten human liver samples methylated fisetin; the reported mean activity was 183 +/- 15 pmol/min/mg and the apparent Km was 8.6 micromolar.

    Human liver fisetin-methylating activity → Fisetin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Ex vivo human liver enzyme assays.
    limitations
    The abstract does not resolve the responsible enzyme isoform or whole-body methyl-donor demand.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    Human liver can chemically modify fisetin.
    primary_references
    Methylation of quercetin and fisetin, flavonoids widely distributed in edible vegetables, fruits and wine, by human liver. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12051572/ · DOI 10.5414/cpp40207

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 16–22

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ex vivo human liver enzyme assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-human-methylation Human liver can chemically modify fisetin. Ten human liver samples methylated fisetin; the reported mean activity was 183 +/- 15 pmol/min/mg and the apparent Km was 8.6 micromolar. Model: Ex vivo human liver enzyme assays. Limitations: The abstract does not resolve the responsible enzyme isoform or whole-body methyl-donor demand. Evidence access: Primary abstract Methylation of quercetin and fisetin, flavonoids widely distributed in edible vegetables, fruits and wine, by human liver. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12051572/ · DOI 10.5414/cpp40207
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The mouse disposition study detected a fisetin glucuronide and a glucuronide of geraldol.

    Fisetin → Fisetin glucuronides, unresolved positional pool source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse plasma metabolite identification after intraperitoneal dosing.
    limitations
    Positional conjugate identities remain unresolved here.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    Further conjugation changes both the parent and metabolite.
    primary_references
    Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 32–38

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse plasma metabolite identification after intraperitoneal dosing. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-mouse-conjugates Further conjugation changes both the parent and metabolite. The mouse disposition study detected a fisetin glucuronide and a glucuronide of geraldol. Model: Mouse plasma metabolite identification after intraperitoneal dosing. Limitations: Positional conjugate identities remain unresolved here. Evidence access: Primary abstract Fisetin disposition and metabolism in mice: Identification of geraldol as an active metabolite. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21840301/ · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.097
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Mouse absolute oral fisetin bioavailability was reported as 7.8% at 100 mg/kg and 31.7% at 200 mg/kg; circulating geraldol exceeded parent exposure.

    Fisetin → Mouse oral fisetin bioavailability source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Mouse oral/intravenous LC-MS/MS pharmacokinetic study.
    limitations
    These are mouse regimen-specific estimates, not human absorption percentages.
    nutrient_topic
    Fisetin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Fisetin
    plain_language
    Exposure did not scale as a simple fixed fraction of dose.
    primary_references
    Identification of absolute conversion to geraldol from fisetin and pharmacokinetics in mouse. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27810278/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.034
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Fisetin: metabolism, cell-state responses and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 48–54

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse oral/intravenous LC-MS/MS pharmacokinetic study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fisetin-mouse-oral-exposure Exposure did not scale as a simple fixed fraction of dose. Mouse absolute oral fisetin bioavailability was reported as 7.8% at 100 mg/kg and 31.7% at 200 mg/kg; circulating geraldol exceeded parent exposure. Model: Mouse oral/intravenous LC-MS/MS pharmacokinetic study. Limitations: These are mouse regimen-specific estimates, not human absorption percentages. Evidence access: Primary abstract Identification of absolute conversion to geraldol from fisetin and pharmacokinetics in mouse. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27810278/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.034
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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