Component

Citrinin

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Citrinin exposure reduced ATP in rat proximal-tubule suspensions before or during ensuing cell injury.

    Citrinin → Rat renal proximal-tubule ATP during citrinin exposure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    125–500 micromolar citrinin; reported ATP declines 22–48% at selected 0.5–1.5 hour time points.
    limitations
    Not a measured amount ingested from red yeast rice; lower exposures and human relevance require separate data.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Energy loss was measured in the kidney-cell preparation.
    primary_references
    [1853344] The role of altered mitochondrial function in citrinin-induced toxicity to rat renal proximal tubule suspensions. · 1991 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853344/ · DOI 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90008-3

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 316–322

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 125–500 micromolar citrinin; reported ATP declines 22–48% at selected 0.5–1.5 hour time points. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-citrinin-atp Energy loss was measured in the kidney-cell preparation. Citrinin exposure reduced ATP in rat proximal-tubule suspensions before or during ensuing cell injury. Model: 125–500 micromolar citrinin; reported ATP declines 22–48% at selected 0.5–1.5 hour time points. Limitations: Not a measured amount ingested from red yeast rice; lower exposures and human relevance require separate data. Evidence access: Primary abstract [1853344] The role of altered mitochondrial function in citrinin-induced toxicity to rat renal proximal tubule suspensions. · 1991 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853344/ · DOI 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90008-3
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Citrinin lowered respiratory control, ADP/O ratio and membrane potential in rat renal cortical mitochondria.

    Citrinin → Rat renal cortical mitochondrial phosphorylation efficiency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Isolated rat mitochondria; the enzyme-panel experiments included 1 mM citrinin.
    limitations
    Multiple effects were reported; this is not a selective single-complex inhibitor or a human exposure threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Mitochondrial oxygen use and ATP production became less efficiently coupled.
    primary_references
    [1556379] Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. I. Effects on respiration, enzyme activities and membrane potential of renal cortical mitochondria. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1556379/ · DOI 10.1002/jat.2550120209

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 332–338

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isolated rat mitochondria; the enzyme-panel experiments included 1 mM citrinin. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-citrinin-coupling Mitochondrial oxygen use and ATP production became less efficiently coupled. Citrinin lowered respiratory control, ADP/O ratio and membrane potential in rat renal cortical mitochondria. Model: Isolated rat mitochondria; the enzyme-panel experiments included 1 mM citrinin. Limitations: Multiple effects were reported; this is not a selective single-complex inhibitor or a human exposure threshold. Evidence access: Primary abstract [1556379] Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. I. Effects on respiration, enzyme activities and membrane potential of renal cortical mitochondria. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1556379/ · DOI 10.1002/jat.2550120209
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Four of twelve analyzed red yeast rice formulations had elevated citrinin levels in the reported survey.

    Red yeast rice → Citrinin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    HPLC-MS/MS product survey.
    limitations
    This does not establish contamination of every product or a human toxicity threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The contaminant was present in some tested products.
    primary_references
    [20975018] Marked variability of monacolin levels in commercial red yeast rice products: buyer beware! · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975018/ · DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.382

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 36–42

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · HPLC-MS/MS product survey. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-citrinin-detection The contaminant was present in some tested products. Four of twelve analyzed red yeast rice formulations had elevated citrinin levels in the reported survey. Model: HPLC-MS/MS product survey. Limitations: This does not establish contamination of every product or a human toxicity threshold. Evidence access: Primary abstract [20975018] Marked variability of monacolin levels in commercial red yeast rice products: buyer beware! · 2010 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975018/ · DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.382
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Deferoxamine pretreatment prevented iron-mediated lipid peroxidation but did not protect rat tubules from citrinin-induced death.

    Deferoxamine → Rat renal proximal-tubule death after citrinin exposure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Rat proximal-tubule suspensions; 1 mM deferoxamine pretreatment.
    limitations
    Does not exclude every oxidative mechanism or establish ferroptosis; distinguishes marker suppression from survival rescue.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    Blocking one injury marker did not rescue the cells.
    primary_references
    [1853344] The role of altered mitochondrial function in citrinin-induced toxicity to rat renal proximal tubule suspensions. · 1991 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853344/ · DOI 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90008-3

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 324–330

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat proximal-tubule suspensions; 1 mM deferoxamine pretreatment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-citrinin-iron-rescue-failure Blocking one injury marker did not rescue the cells. Deferoxamine pretreatment prevented iron-mediated lipid peroxidation but did not protect rat tubules from citrinin-induced death. Model: Rat proximal-tubule suspensions; 1 mM deferoxamine pretreatment. Limitations: Does not exclude every oxidative mechanism or establish ferroptosis; distinguishes marker suppression from survival rescue. Evidence access: Primary abstract [1853344] The role of altered mitochondrial function in citrinin-induced toxicity to rat renal proximal tubule suspensions. · 1991 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853344/ · DOI 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90008-3
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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