Component

Cellular iodide uptake

Movement of iodide into cells; experimental model and assay specify the compartment.

8 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Airway epithelia transported iodide with apparent Km 111 ± 69 micromolar.

    Iodide ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Human airway epithelial cells at an air–liquid interface; transepithelial radiotracer transport.
    exposure_category
    Study-specific exposure, including pharmacological and in-vitro conditions; normal is the schema fallback outside the three availability categories.
    limitations
    The proposed apical CFTR route was inferred pharmacologically, not proven by this experiment. This is iodide biology, not a KI-specific counter-ion effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Potassium iodide research collection; shared-anion and comparator studies are not all KI interventions. · Potassium iodide
    plain_language
    Airway cells can transport iodide.
    primary_references
    Transcellular thiocyanate transport by human airway epithelia. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15345749/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.071548

    Potassium iodide: thyroid and non-thyroid mechanisms, interactions and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 136–142

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-study references, chemical references and label statements individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human airway epithelial cells at an air–liquid interface; transepithelial radiotracer transport. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## ki-air-transport Airway cells can transport iodide. Airway epithelia transported iodide with apparent Km 111 ± 69 micromolar. Model: Human airway epithelial cells at an air–liquid interface; transepithelial radiotracer transport. Limitations: The proposed apical CFTR route was inferred pharmacologically, not proven by this experiment. This is iodide biology, not a KI-specific counter-ion effect. Evidence location: Primary abstract Transcellular thiocyanate transport by human airway epithelia. · 2004 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15345749/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.071548
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Expression of cloned human NIS conferred perchlorate-sensitive iodide uptake on COS-7 cells.

    Human sodium/iodide symporter / SLC5A5 → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Human NIS cDNA expressed in COS-7 monkey cells
    exposure
    Transient human NIS cDNA expression; iodide and perchlorate concentrations not reported in the abstract.
    limitations
    Heterologous uptake establishes protein function, not whole-body iodine absorption.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human protein in African green monkey cells
    plain_language
    Human NIS can bring iodide into cells.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-human-nis1996] Cloning of the human sodium lodide symporter. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8806637/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1358
    tissue_or_cell_type
    COS-7 plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 154–165

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human NIS cDNA expressed in COS-7 monkey cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-human-nis-uptake Expression of cloned human NIS conferred perchlorate-sensitive iodide uptake on COS-7 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Human NIS can bring iodide into cells. organism: Human protein in African green monkey cells tissue_or_cell_type: COS-7 plasma membrane experimental_model: Human NIS cDNA expressed in COS-7 monkey cells limitations: Heterologous uptake establishes protein function, not whole-body iodine absorption. exposure: Transient human NIS cDNA expression; iodide and perchlorate concentrations not reported in the abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-human-nis1996] Cloning of the human sodium lodide symporter. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8806637/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1358
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Mixtures of perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate inhibited human NIS-mediated iodide uptake consistently with an additive common competitive model, without evidence of synergism.

    Perchlorate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Joint Hill-equation fit; perchlorate molar potency was 15 times thiocyanate and 240 times nitrate.
    limitations
    Relative potencies and lack of synergy are assay-specific; they do not predict individual human thyroid outcomes from environmental concentrations.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    These competitors combined approximately additively in the tested cell system.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 440–451

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-inhibitor-additivity Mixtures of perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate inhibited human NIS-mediated iodide uptake consistently with an additive common competitive model, without evidence of synergism. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: These competitors combined approximately additively in the tested cell system. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: Relative potencies and lack of synergy are assay-specific; they do not predict individual human thyroid outcomes from environmental concentrations. exposure: Joint Hill-equation fit; perchlorate molar potency was 15 times thiocyanate and 240 times nitrate. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Rodent intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles accumulated iodide in a sodium-dependent, perchlorate-sensitive manner.

    Sodium ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells
    exposure
    Sodium-dependent vesicle uptake with perchlorate inhibition; concentrations not verified from abstract.
    limitations
    The abstract does not assign every vesicle experiment to one rodent species; the claim preserves the rodent scope and does not attribute the protein to humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rodent intestinal preparation; rat and mouse study
    plain_language
    Intestinal iodide uptake can use the sodium gradient.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 258–269

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-intestinal-sodium-uptake Rodent intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles accumulated iodide in a sodium-dependent, perchlorate-sensitive manner. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Intestinal iodide uptake can use the sodium gradient. organism: Rodent intestinal preparation; rat and mouse study tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles experimental_model: Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells limitations: The abstract does not assign every vesicle experiment to one rodent species; the claim preserves the rodent scope and does not attribute the protein to humans. exposure: Sodium-dependent vesicle uptake with perchlorate inhibition; concentrations not verified from abstract. cross_nutrient: true [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Nitrate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS.

    Nitrate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract.
    limitations
    In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 427–438

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-nitrate-inhibits Nitrate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction. exposure: Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Perchlorate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS.

    Perchlorate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract.
    limitations
    In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 401–412

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-perchlorate-inhibits Perchlorate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction. exposure: Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. Human NIS T354P expressed in COS-7 cells showed markedly reduced iodide uptake compared with normal NIS.

    Human NIS p.Thr354Pro → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Human iodide-transport-defect patient and expression of patient-derived NIS in COS-7 cells
    exposure
    Patient-derived T354P cDNA expression; uptake concentration not provided in abstract.
    limitations
    The reported patient had goiter and defective accumulation but was essentially euthyroid; do not turn this case into universal hypothyroidism severity.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human protein in African green monkey cells
    plain_language
    A defective NIS protein can limit uptake even when iodide is present.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-t354p1997] A homozygous missense mutation of the sodium/iodide symporter gene causing iodide transport defect. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9398697/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4425
    tissue_or_cell_type
    COS-7 plasma membrane
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 232–243

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human iodide-transport-defect patient and expression of patient-derived NIS in COS-7 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-t354p-uptake Human NIS T354P expressed in COS-7 cells showed markedly reduced iodide uptake compared with normal NIS. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A defective NIS protein can limit uptake even when iodide is present. organism: Human protein in African green monkey cells tissue_or_cell_type: COS-7 plasma membrane experimental_model: Human iodide-transport-defect patient and expression of patient-derived NIS in COS-7 cells limitations: The reported patient had goiter and defective accumulation but was essentially euthyroid; do not turn this case into universal hypothyroidism severity. exposure: Patient-derived T354P cDNA expression; uptake concentration not provided in abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-t354p1997] A homozygous missense mutation of the sodium/iodide symporter gene causing iodide transport defect. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9398697/ DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4425
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. Thiocyanate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS.

    Thiocyanate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract.
    limitations
    In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 414–425

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-thiocyanate-inhibits Thiocyanate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction. exposure: Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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