Component

Perchlorate ion

ClO4−; environmental/pharmacological competing anion, not iodine or a nutrient.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Mixtures of perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate inhibited human NIS-mediated iodide uptake consistently with an additive common competitive model, without evidence of synergism.

    Perchlorate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Joint Hill-equation fit; perchlorate molar potency was 15 times thiocyanate and 240 times nitrate.
    limitations
    Relative potencies and lack of synergy are assay-specific; they do not predict individual human thyroid outcomes from environmental concentrations.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    These competitors combined approximately additively in the tested cell system.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 440–451

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-inhibitor-additivity Mixtures of perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate inhibited human NIS-mediated iodide uptake consistently with an additive common competitive model, without evidence of synergism. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: These competitors combined approximately additively in the tested cell system. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: Relative potencies and lack of synergy are assay-specific; they do not predict individual human thyroid outcomes from environmental concentrations. exposure: Joint Hill-equation fit; perchlorate molar potency was 15 times thiocyanate and 240 times nitrate. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Perchlorate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS.

    Perchlorate ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake
    exposure
    Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract.
    limitations
    In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Human NIS in hamster CHO cells
    plain_language
    A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 401–412

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-perchlorate-inhibits Perchlorate inhibited radioactive iodide uptake in CHO cells stably expressing human NIS. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A competing anion reduced iodide entry through human NIS in a cell assay. organism: Human NIS in hamster CHO cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cell plasma membrane experimental_model: CHO cells stably expressing human NIS; individual and mixed anion exposures with 125I uptake limitations: In vitro potency is not a human dietary exposure threshold, whole-body iodine displacement claim or supplementation instruction. exposure: Concentration-response experiments with individual anions and 125I uptake; exact concentration series not reported in abstract. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-inhibitors2004] Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650353/ DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Rodent intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles accumulated iodide in a sodium-dependent, perchlorate-sensitive manner.

    Sodium ion → Cellular iodide uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells
    exposure
    Sodium-dependent vesicle uptake with perchlorate inhibition; concentrations not verified from abstract.
    limitations
    The abstract does not assign every vesicle experiment to one rodent species; the claim preserves the rodent scope and does not attribute the protein to humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rodent intestinal preparation; rat and mouse study
    plain_language
    Intestinal iodide uptake can use the sodium gradient.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 258–269

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-intestinal-sodium-uptake Rodent intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles accumulated iodide in a sodium-dependent, perchlorate-sensitive manner. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Intestinal iodide uptake can use the sodium gradient. organism: Rodent intestinal preparation; rat and mouse study tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles experimental_model: Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells limitations: The abstract does not assign every vesicle experiment to one rodent species; the claim preserves the rodent scope and does not attribute the protein to humans. exposure: Sodium-dependent vesicle uptake with perchlorate inhibition; concentrations not verified from abstract. cross_nutrient: true [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards