Component

Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class)

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

9 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. CHD-FA did not produce a clear reproducible mutagenic response in the reported Ames tests.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Bacterial reverse-mutation results for CHD-FA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Salmonella and E. coli assays with/without S9, up to 5000 micrograms/plate.
    limitations
    The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. High-dose toxicity and a doubtful TA1537 response were reported.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    Bacterial mutation testing was interpreted as negative.
    primary_references
    Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 284–290

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Salmonella and E. coli assays with/without S9, up to 5000 micrograms/plate. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-ames Bacterial mutation testing was interpreted as negative. CHD-FA did not produce a clear reproducible mutagenic response in the reported Ames tests. Model: Salmonella and E. coli assays with/without S9, up to 5000 micrograms/plate. Limitations: The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. High-dose toxicity and a doubtful TA1537 response were reported. Evidence access: Primary full text Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Investigator global response favored topical CHD-FA over vehicle; several other measures improved in both groups.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Investigator global eczema response in topical CHD-FA trial source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    36 volunteers aged at least two years; twice-daily topical treatment for four weeks; randomized blinded study.
    limitations
    Small exploratory trial; do not convert within-group improvement into a between-group benefit. Transient burning occurred; topical results do not prove oral efficacy.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    One overall score favored the active topical preparation.
    primary_references
    Randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid in topical treatment of eczema. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21931500/ · DOI 10.2147/CCID.S23110

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 276–282

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 36 volunteers aged at least two years; twice-daily topical treatment for four weeks; randomized blinded study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-eczema One overall score favored the active topical preparation. Investigator global response favored topical CHD-FA over vehicle; several other measures improved in both groups. Model: 36 volunteers aged at least two years; twice-daily topical treatment for four weeks; randomized blinded study. Limitations: Small exploratory trial; do not convert within-group improvement into a between-group benefit. Transient burning occurred; topical results do not prove oral efficacy. Evidence access: Primary abstract Randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid in topical treatment of eczema. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21931500/ · DOI 10.2147/CCID.S23110
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. CHD-FA exposure caused extracellular ATP leakage from Candida cells.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → ATP source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Candida membrane-permeability assay; ATP release followed over time.
    limitations
    ATP leakage indicates microbial membrane damage, not increased host ATP production.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    Cell contents escaped after membrane injury.
    primary_references
    Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 132–138

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Candida membrane-permeability assay; ATP release followed over time. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-fungal-atp Cell contents escaped after membrane injury. CHD-FA exposure caused extracellular ATP leakage from Candida cells. Model: Candida membrane-permeability assay; ATP release followed over time. Limitations: ATP leakage indicates microbial membrane damage, not increased host ATP production. Evidence access: Primary full text Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. CHD-FA exposure increased membrane permeability in Candida albicans assays.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Candida albicans membrane integrity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Clinical Candida isolate panel; planktonic and biofilm growth; inhibitory concentrations reported as 0.125% and 0.25%.
    limitations
    An in-vitro antiseptic concentration is not a systemic supplement exposure or demonstrated infection treatment.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    The tested antifungal action involved a leaky membrane.
    primary_references
    Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 124–130

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Clinical Candida isolate panel; planktonic and biofilm growth; inhibitory concentrations reported as 0.125% and 0.25%. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-fungal-membrane The tested antifungal action involved a leaky membrane. CHD-FA exposure increased membrane permeability in Candida albicans assays. Model: Clinical Candida isolate panel; planktonic and biofilm growth; inhibitory concentrations reported as 0.125% and 0.25%. Limitations: An in-vitro antiseptic concentration is not a systemic supplement exposure or demonstrated infection treatment. Evidence access: Primary full text Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. The small oral CHD-FA trial reported reduced skin-prick responses.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Skin-prick response in the CHD-FA atopy trial source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    30 atopic men; escalating exposure and crossover component, 3.8% solution up to 40 mL twice daily for one week.
    limitations
    Short duration and a surrogate endpoint do not establish treatment of allergic disease or effects of other preparations.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    An allergy-test response changed in a short trial.
    primary_references
    Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22427734/ · DOI 10.2147/CPAA.S25784

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 260–266

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 30 atopic men; escalating exposure and crossover component, 3.8% solution up to 40 mL twice daily for one week. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-human-atopy An allergy-test response changed in a short trial. The small oral CHD-FA trial reported reduced skin-prick responses. Model: 30 atopic men; escalating exposure and crossover component, 3.8% solution up to 40 mL twice daily for one week. Limitations: Short duration and a surrogate endpoint do not establish treatment of allergic disease or effects of other preparations. Evidence access: Primary abstract Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22427734/ · DOI 10.2147/CPAA.S25784
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. No severe adverse events were reported and measured safety parameters remained stable during the trial.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Short-term safety observations in the CHD-FA phase-1 trial source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    30 atopic male volunteers; acute/subacute escalating exposures and one-week crossover treatment.
    limitations
    Cannot establish chronic safety, pregnancy safety, safety in children, or equivalence of contaminated/environmental extracts.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    This specified preparation was monitored for a short period.
    primary_references
    Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22427734/ · DOI 10.2147/CPAA.S25784

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 268–274

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · 30 atopic male volunteers; acute/subacute escalating exposures and one-week crossover treatment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-human-short-safety This specified preparation was monitored for a short period. No severe adverse events were reported and measured safety parameters remained stable during the trial. Model: 30 atopic male volunteers; acute/subacute escalating exposures and one-week crossover treatment. Limitations: Cannot establish chronic safety, pregnancy safety, safety in children, or equivalence of contaminated/environmental extracts. Evidence access: Primary abstract Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22427734/ · DOI 10.2147/CPAA.S25784
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. CHD-FA increased micronucleus frequency in human lymphocyte testing under growth-inhibiting conditions.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Human lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after CHD-FA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    In-vitro lymphocyte assay with/without metabolic activation; acidic high-dose conditions.
    limitations
    The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. Acidity is a proposed explanation, not a demonstrated causal resolution; no mechanistic follow-up isolated it.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    One mammalian-cell test gave a positive signal.
    primary_references
    Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 292–298

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · In-vitro lymphocyte assay with/without metabolic activation; acidic high-dose conditions. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-lymphocyte-micronuclei One mammalian-cell test gave a positive signal. CHD-FA increased micronucleus frequency in human lymphocyte testing under growth-inhibiting conditions. Model: In-vitro lymphocyte assay with/without metabolic activation; acidic high-dose conditions. Limitations: The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. Acidity is a proposed explanation, not a demonstrated causal resolution; no mechanistic follow-up isolated it. Evidence access: Primary full text Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  8. CHD-FA did not significantly increase micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in tested mice.

    Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid / CHD-FA (preparation class) → Mouse erythrocyte micronuclei after CHD-FA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Male mouse micronucleus assay; reported doses up to 100 mg/kg, sampling at 24/48 hours.
    limitations
    The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. Full results report reduced PCE/NCE at 100 mg/kg after 48 hours despite the abstract summary; retain this marrow-response finding.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    The mouse chromosomal-damage endpoint was negative.
    primary_references
    Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 300–306

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Male mouse micronucleus assay; reported doses up to 100 mg/kg, sampling at 24/48 hours. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-mouse-micronuclei The mouse chromosomal-damage endpoint was negative. CHD-FA did not significantly increase micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in tested mice. Model: Male mouse micronucleus assay; reported doses up to 100 mg/kg, sampling at 24/48 hours. Limitations: The 2026 study was electronically published June 21, with a December issue date. Negative results in one assay do not erase positive or uncertain findings in another; chronic exposure remains unresolved. Full results report reduced PCE/NCE at 100 mg/kg after 48 hours despite the abstract summary; retain this marrow-response finding. Evidence access: Primary full text Genotoxicity of Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid. · 2026 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42383226/ · DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102298
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Chitin-synthesis inhibition with nikkomycin Z increased Candida susceptibility to CHD-FA.

    Nikkomycin Z → Candida susceptibility to CHD-FA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Candida planktonic and biofilm combination experiments.
    limitations
    This supports a cell-envelope mechanism; it is not a clinically established combination.
    nutrient_topic
    Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)
    plain_language
    Weakening the wall made the tested membrane-active exposure more effective.
    primary_references
    Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116

    Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 140–146

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Candida planktonic and biofilm combination experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## fulvic-acid-fungal-chitin Weakening the wall made the tested membrane-active exposure more effective. Chitin-synthesis inhibition with nikkomycin Z increased Candida susceptibility to CHD-FA. Model: Candida planktonic and biofilm combination experiments. Limitations: This supports a cell-envelope mechanism; it is not a clinically established combination. Evidence access: Primary full text Carbohydrate Derived Fulvic Acid: An in vitro Investigation of a Novel Membrane Active Antiseptic Agent Against Candida albicans Biofilms. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479260/ · DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00116
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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