Apo-10-prime-lycopenal

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

The aldehyde product had activity too.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 598–609

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-lycopenal-hmox1 Apo-10-prime-lycopenal also induced HMOX1 gene expression in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The aldehyde product had activity too. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

Another cis form entered the same measured cleavage route.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 299–310

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-bco2-13cis Ferret BCO2 also cleaved 13-cis lycopene to apo-10-prime-lycopenal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another cis form entered the same measured cleavage route. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

An enzyme can cut a bent lycopene molecule into a smaller signaling candidate.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 286–297

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-bco2-5cis Ferret BCO2 cleaved 5-cis lycopene at the 9-prime,10-prime bond to apo-10-prime-lycopenal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An enzyme can cut a bent lycopene molecule into a smaller signaling candidate. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The oxidized niacin-derived cofactor helped steer the aldehyde toward an acid.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 338–349

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-nad NAD+ supported conversion of apo-10-prime-lycopenal to apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid in ferret hepatic fractions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The oxidized niacin-derived cofactor helped steer the aldehyde toward an acid. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The reduced form of the cofactor instead supported an alcohol product.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 351–362

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-nadh NADH supported conversion of apo-10-prime-lycopenal to apo-10-prime-lycopenol in ferret hepatic fractions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reduced form of the cofactor instead supported an alcohol product. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The cleavage machinery has a mineral requirement.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 325–336

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-bco2-iron Iron was an essential cofactor for lycopene cleavage by recombinant ferret BCO2. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cleavage machinery has a mineral requirement. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/20178389.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eddfd89ee638c7e574f322fcba2dd9b82b006f235f98a845962fe12b47d0987d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "eddfd89ee638c7e574f322fcba2dd9b82b006f235f98a845962fe12b47d0987d"}

experimental_model

HPLC-MS/MS measurement of food and human plasma metabolites

exposure

Tomato juice for eight weeks; chemically prepared analytical standards

limitations

Detection cannot separate absorbed food metabolites from enzymatic or nonenzymatic formation in the body.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human plasma and foods

plain_language

Finding a breakdown product in blood does not tell us where it was made.

primary_references

[lycopene-p20178389] Identification and quantification of apo-lycopenals in fruits, vegetables, and human plasma. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20178389/ DOI: 10.1021/jf100415z

tissue_or_cell_type

Plasma after tomato juice consumption; food extracts

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 403–414

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HPLC-MS/MS measurement of food and human plasma metabolites · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-plasma-apo-detection Apo-6-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-prime lycopenals were detected in foods and human plasma; the plasma sum was 1.9 nmol/L. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Finding a breakdown product in blood does not tell us where it was made. organism: Human plasma and foods tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma after tomato juice consumption; food extracts experimental_model: HPLC-MS/MS measurement of food and human plasma metabolites limitations: Detection cannot separate absorbed food metabolites from enzymatic or nonenzymatic formation in the body. exposure: Tomato juice for eight weeks; chemically prepared analytical standards evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/20178389.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "eddfd89ee638c7e574f322fcba2dd9b82b006f235f98a845962fe12b47d0987d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1451, "text_sha256": "eddfd89ee638c7e574f322fcba2dd9b82b006f235f98a845962fe12b47d0987d"} [lycopene-p20178389] Identification and quantification of apo-lycopenals in fruits, vegetables, and human plasma. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20178389/ DOI: 10.1021/jf100415z